Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1339
The Expedition of Khaybar
خَيْبَرُ - بِخَاءٍ مُعْجَمَةٍ، فَتَحْتِيَّةٍ، فَمُوَحَّدَةٍ، وَزْنَ جَعْفَرٍ: وَهِيَ اسْمُ وِلَايَةٍ تَشْتَمِلُ عَلَى حُصُونٍ وَمَزَارِعَ، وَنَخْلٍ كَثِيرٍ، عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى يَسَارِ حَاجِّ الشَّامِ. وَالْخَيْبَرُ بِلِسَانِ الْيَهُودِ، الْحِصْنُ، وَلِذَا سُمِّيَتْ خَيَابِرَ أَيْضًا - بِفَتْحِ الْخَاءِ، قَالَهُ ابْنُ الْقَيِّمِ مِمَّا ذَكَرَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُقْبَةَ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَأَبُو سَعْدٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ فِي الشَّرَفِ: أَنَّهَا بِجَبَلَّةَ - بِفَتْحِ الْجِيمِ وَالْمُوَحَّدَةِ ابْنِ جَوَّالٍ بِفَتْحِ الْجِيمِ وَتَشْدِيدِ الْوَاوِ، بَعْدَهَا أَلِفٌ وَلَامٌ، وَقِيلَ: سُمِّيَتْ بِأَوَّلِ مَنْ نَزَلَهَا، وَهُوَ خَيْبَرُ أَخُو يَثْرِبَ ابْنَا قَانِيَةَ بْنِ مَهْلَايَلَ بْنِ آدَمَ بْنِ عَبِيلَ، وَهُوَ أَخُو عَادٍ. وَذَكَرَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ: أَنَّ بَعْضَهَا فُتِحَ صُلْحًا، وَبَعْضَهَا فُتِحَ عَنْوَةً. وَبِهِ يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ الرِّوَايَاتِ الْمُخْتَلِفَةِ فِي ذَلِكَ. وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْإِمَامِ مَالِكٍ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - أَنَّ الْكَتِيبَةَ أَرْبَعُونَ أَلْفَ عَذْقٍ. وَلِابْنِ زُبَالَةَ حَدِيثُ «مِيلَانِ فِي مِيلٍ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ مُقَدَّسٍ، وَحَدِيثُ «خَيْبَرُ مُقَدَّسَةٌ، وَالسَّوَارِقِيَّةُ مُؤْتَفَكَةٌ، وَحَدِيثُ «نِعْمَ الْقَرْيَةُ فِي سَنِيَّاتِ الدَّجَّالِ خَيْبَرُ» وَتُوصَفُ خَيْبَرُ بِكَثْرَةِ التَّمْرِ. قَالَ حَسَّانُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ - ؓ: وَإِنَّا وَمَنْ يَهْدِي الْقَصَائِدَ نَحْوَنَا كَمُسْتَبْضِعٍ تَمْرًا إِلَى أَهْلِ خَيْبَرَ وَرَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ قَالَ: لَمَّا فُتِحَتْ خَيْبَرُ: قُلْنَا: الْآنَ نَشْبَعُ مِنَ التَّمْرِ. وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ؓ قَالَ: مَا شَبِعْنَا مِنَ التَّمْرِ حَتَّى فُتِحَتْ خَيْبَرُ، وَتُوصَفُ خَيْبَرُ بِكَثْرَةِ الْحُمَّى، قَدِمَ خَيْبَرَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ بِعِيَالِهِ فَقَالَ: قُلْتُ لِحُمَّى خَيْبَرَ اسْتَقِرِّي هَاكِ عَيَّالِي فَاجْهَدِي وَجِدِّي وَبَاكِرِي بِصَالِدٍ وَوِرْدٍ أَعَانَكِ اللَّهُ عَلَى ذَا الْجُنْدِ فَحُمَّ وَمَاتَ، وَبَقِيَ عِيَالُهُ. قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ الْبَكْرِيُّ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - فِي مُعْجَمِهِ وَفِي الشِّقِّ عَيْنٌ تُسَمَّى الْحُمَّةَ، وَهِيَ الَّتِي سَمَّاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قِسْمَةَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ، يَذْهَبُ ثُلُثَا مَائِهَا فِي فَلَجٍ وَالثُّلُثُ الْآخَرُ فِي «فَلَجٍ» وَالْمَسْلَكُ وَاحِدٌ وَقَدِ اعْتَبَرَتْ مُنْذُ زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ يَطْرَحُ فِيهَا ثَلَاثَ خَشَبَاتٍ أَوْ ثَلَاثَ تَمْرَاتٍ فَتَذْهَبُ اثْنَتَانِ فِي الْفَلْجِ الَّذِي لَهُ ثُلُثَا مَائِهَا، وَوَاحِدَةٌ فِي الْفَلْجِ الثَّانِي، وَلَا يَقْدِرُ أَحَدٌ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْفَلْجِ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ، وَمَنْ قَامَ فِي الْفَلْجِ الَّذِي يَأْخُذُ الثُّلْثَيْنِ لِيَرِدَ الْمَاءَ إِلَى الْفَلْجِ الثَّانِي غَلَبَهُ الْمَاءُ وَفَاضَ، وَلَمْ يَرْجِعْ إِلَى الْفَلْجِ الثَّانِي شَيْءٌ يَزِيدُ عَلَى قَدْرِ الثُّلْثِ وَتَشْتَمِلُ خَيْبَرَ عَلَى حُصُونٍ كَثِيرَةٍ، ذُكِرَ مِنْهَا فِي الْقِصَّةِ كَثِيرٌ.
Translation
✧ Khaybar - with a dotted khāʾ, then a yāʾ with two dots beneath, then a bāʾ with one dot, of the pattern jaʿfar: it is the name of a province comprising fortresses, farms, and many palm trees, three days from Madinah on the left of the Syrian pilgrim. Al-khaybar in the language of the Jews means the fortress, and for that reason it was also called Khayābir - with a fatḥah on the khāʾ. This was said by Ibn al-Qayyim from what Ibn Isḥāq mentioned. Ibn ʿUqbah, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar, and Abū Saʿd al-Naysābūrī said in al-Sharaf that it is in Jaballah - with a fatḥah on the jīm and the bāʾ with one dot - b. Jawwāl, with a fatḥah on the jīm and a doubled wāw, after which are an alif and a lām. It is said: it was named after the first person who settled there, who was Khaybar the brother of Yathrib, the two sons of Qāniyah b. Mahlāyal b. Ādam b. ʿAbīl, and he is the brother of ʿĀd. A group of the imams mentioned that part of it was conquered by treaty and part of it was conquered by force. By this the differing narrations regarding that are reconciled. It is narrated from Imam Mālik - may Allah Almighty have mercy on him - that al-Katībah has forty thousand ʿadhq. Ibn Zubālah has the ḥadīth, "Two miles by two miles of Khaybar is sacred," and the ḥadīth, "Khaybar is sacred, and al-Sawāriqiyyah is overturned," and the ḥadīth, "What a good village in the years of the Dajjāl is Khaybar." Khaybar is described as having abundant dates. Ḥassān b. Thābit ؓ said: And we and those who guide the odes toward us are like one who seeks to import dates to the people of Khaybar. Al-Bukhārī narrated from ʿĀʾishah, ؓ, that she said: When Khaybar was conquered, we said: Now we shall be filled with dates. And from Ibn ʿUmar, ؓ, that he said: We were not filled with dates until Khaybar was conquered. Khaybar is described as having abundant fever. A Bedouin came to Khaybar with his family and said: I said to the fever of Khaybar: settle down, here are my children, so strive and be diligent, And come early with a hard rock and a watering-place, may Allah aid you against this army. He fell feverish and died, and his family remained. Abū ʿUbayd al-Bakrī - may Allah have mercy on him - said in his dictionary: In al-Shiqq there is a spring called al-Ḥummah, and it is the one which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called "the division of the angels." Two-thirds of its water goes into a canal and the other third into another canal, while the passage is one. It has been tested from the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ until today: if three pieces of wood or three dates are thrown into it, two go in the canal that has two-thirds of its water, and one in the second canal. No one is able to take from that canal more than a third. Whoever stands in the canal that takes two-thirds to divert the water to the second canal is overcome by the water, and it overflows, and nothing returns to the second canal exceeding the amount of a third. Khaybar comprises many fortresses, many of which were mentioned in the story.
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