Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1331
The Treaty of al-Hudaybiyah
( سُؤَالُ ابْنِ هُنَيْدَةَ لِعُرْوَةِ عَنْ آيَةِ الْمُهَاجِرَاتِ وَرَدُّهُ عَلَيْهِ ) قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَحَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ وَهُوَ يَكْتُبُ كِتَابًا إلَى ابْنِ أَبِي هُنَيْدَةَ، صَاحِبِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَكَتَبَ إلَيْهِ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا جَاءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ مُهَاجِرَاتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَانِهِنَّ فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَاتٍ فَلَا تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ لَا هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ وَآتُوهُمْ مَا أَنْفَقُوا وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ إِذَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَلَا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ. قَالَ: فَكَتَبَ إلَيْهِ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: إنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ صَالَحَ قُرَيْشًا يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ عَلَى أَنْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ مَنْ جَاءَ بِغَيْرِ إذْنِ وَلِيِّهِ ؛ فَلَمَّا هَاجَرَ النِّسَاءُ إلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَإِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، أَبَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يُرْدَدْنَ إلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ إذَا هُنَّ اُمْتُحِنَّ بِمِحْنَةِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَعَرَفُوا أَنَّهُنَّ إنَّمَا جِئْنَ رَغْبَةً فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، وَأَمَرَ بِرَدِّ صَدُقَاتِهِنَّ إلَيْهِمْ إنْ احْتَبَسْنَ عَنْهُمْ، إنْ هُمْ رَدُّوا عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ صَدَاقَ مَنْ حُبِسُوا عَنْهُمْ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ، ذَلِكُمْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ، وَاَللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ. فَأَمْسَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ النِّسَاءَ وَرَدَّ الرِّجَالَ ، وَسَأَلَ الَّذِي أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ بِهِ أَنْ يَسْأَلَ مِنْ صَدُقَاتِ نِسَاءِ مَنْ حُبِسُوا مِنْهُنَّ، وَأَنْ يَرُدُّوا عَلَيْهِمْ مِثْلَ الَّذِي يَرُدُّونَ عَلَيْهِمْ، إنْ هُمْ فَعَلُوا، وَلَوْلَا الَّذِي حَكَمَ اللَّهُ بِهِ مِنْ هَذَا الْحُكْمِ لَرَدَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ النِّسَاءَ كَمَا رَدَّ الرِّجَالَ، وَلَوْلَا الْهُدْنَةُ وَالْعَهْدُ الَّذِي كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ قُرَيْشٍ يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ لَأَمْسَكَ النِّسَاءَ، وَلَمْ يَرْدُدْ لَهُنَّ صَدَاقًا، وَكَذَلِكَ كَانَ يَصْنَعُ بِمَنْ جَاءَهُ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمَاتِ قَبْلَ الْعَهْدِ.
Translation
✧ (Ibn Hunaydah's question to ʿUrwah about the verse of the emigrant women and his reply to him) Ibn Isḥāq said: Al-Zuhrī narrated to me, from ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr, who said: I entered upon him while he was writing a letter to Ibn Abī Hunaydah, the companion of al-Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik, and he wrote to him asking him about the saying of Allah, exalted be He: "O you who have believed, when the believing women come to you as emigrants, examine them. Allah is most knowing of their faith. And if you know them to be believers, then do not return them to the disbelievers; they are not lawful for them, nor are they lawful for them. And give them what they have spent. And there is no blame upon you if you marry them when you have given them their due compensation. And do not hold to disbelieving women as wives." He said: So ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr wrote to him: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ had made a truce with Quraysh on the day of al-Ḥudaybiyah, on the condition that he would return to them whoever came without the permission of his guardian. When the women emigrated to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and to Islam, Allah refused that they be returned to the polytheists, once they had been examined with the testing of Islam, so they knew that they had only come desiring Islam. And he commanded that their dowers be returned to them if they were withheld from them, and that they return to the Muslims the dower of those whose wives were withheld from them. That is the judgment of Allah; He judges between you, and Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ retained the women and returned the men. He asked what Allah commanded him to ask regarding the dowers of the women of those from whom they were withheld, and that they return to them the like of what they return to them, if they did so. And had it not been for the judgment of Allah with this ruling, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would have returned the women just as he returned the men. And had it not been for the truce and the pact that was between him and Quraysh on the day of al-Ḥudaybiyah, he would have retained the women and not returned any dower for them. And thus he used to do with any Muslim women who came to him before the pact.
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