Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1324
The Treaty of al-Hudaybiyah
[ إجْمَاعُ الْمُحْتَبَسِينَ إلَى أَبِي بِصَيْرِ وَإِيذَاؤُهُمْ قُرَيْشًا وَإِيوَاءُ الرَّسُولِ لَهُمْ ] ثُمَّ خَرَجَ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ حَتَّى نَزَلَ الْعِيصَ، مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ ذِي الْمَرْوَةِ، عَلَى سَاحِلِ الْبَحْرِ، بِطَرِيقِ قُرَيْشٍ الَّتِي كَانُوا يَأْخُذُونَ عَلَيْهَا إلَى الشَّامِ، وَبَلَغَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا اُحْتُبِسُوا بِمَكَّةَ قَوْلُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِأَبِي بِصَيْرِ: وَيْلُ أُمِّهِ مِحَشَّ حَرْبٍ لَوْ كَانَ مَعَهُ رِجَالٌ فَاجْتَمَعَ إلَيْهِ أَبُو جَنْدَلِ بْنُ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الَّذِي رَدَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، فَخَرَجَ هُوَ وَسَبْعُونَ رَاكِبًا مِمَّنْ أَسْلَمُوا فَلَحِقُوا بِأَبِي بَصِيرٍ، وَكَرِهُوا أَنْ يَقْدَمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي هُدْنَةِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَكَرِهُوا الثَّوَاءَ بَيْنَ ظَهَرَانَيْ قَوْمِهِمْ، فَنَزَلُوا مَعَ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ، وَلَمَّا قَدِمَ أَبُو جَنْدَلٍ عَلَى أَبِي بَصِيرٍ سَلَّمَ لَهُ الْأَمْرَ، لِكَوْنِهِ قُرَشِيًّا فَكَانَ أَبُو جَنْدَلٍ يَؤُمُّهُمْ، وَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَى أَبِي جَنْدَلٍ - حِينَ سُمِعَ بِقُدُومِهِ - نَاسٌ مِنْ بَنِي غِفَارٍ وَأَسْلَمَ وَجُهَيْنَةَ، وَطَوَائِفُ مِنَ النَّاسِ حَتَّى بَلَغُوا ثَلَاثَمِائَةِ مُقَاتِلٍ - كَمَا عِنْدَ الْبَيْهَقِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ - لَا تَمُرُّ بِهِمْ عِيرٌ لِقُرَيْشٍ إِلَّا أَخَذُوهَا وَقَتَلُوا مَنْ فِيهَا، وَضَيَّقُوا عَلَى قُرَيْشٍ، فَلَا يَظْفَرُونَ بِأَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا قَتَلُوهُ. وَمِمَّا قَالَهُ أَبُو جَنْدَلِ بْنُ سُهَيْلٍ فِي تِلْكَ الْأَيَّامِ: أَبْلِغْ قُرَيْشًا عَنْ أَبِي جَنْدَلٍ أَنَّا بِذِي الْمَرْوَةِ فِي السَّاحِلِ فِي مَعْشَرٍ تَخْفِقُ رَايَاتُهُمْ بِالْبِيضِ فِيهَا وَالْقَنَا الذَّابِلِ يَأْبَوْنَ أَنْ تَبْقَى لَهُمْ رُفْقَةٌ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِسْلَامِهِمُ الْوَاصِلِ أَوْ يَجْعَلُ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ مَخْرَجًا وَالْحَقُّ لَا يُغْلَبُ بِالْبَاطِلِ فَيَسْلَمُ الْمَرْءُ بِإِسْلَامِهِ وَيُقْتَلُ الْمَرْءُ وَلَمْ يَأْتَلِ فَأَرْسَلَتْ قُرَيْشٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ بْنَ حَرْبٍ يَسْأَلُونَهُ وَيَتَضَرَّعُونَ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ إِلَى أَبِي بَصِيرٍ وَأَبِي جَنْدَلٍ وَمَنْ مَعَهُمْ، وَقَالُوا مَنْ خَرَجَ مِنَّا إِلَيْكَ فَأَمْسَكَهُ فَهُوَ لَكَ حَلَالٌ غَيْرُ حَرِجٍ أَنْتَ فِيهِ. وَقَالَ: فَإِنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ الرَّكْبَ قَدْ فَتَحُوا عَلَيْنَا بَابًا لَا يَصْلُحُ إِقْرَارُهُ، فَكَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى أَبِي بَصِيرٍ وَأَبِي جَنْدَلٍ يَأْمُرُهُمَا أَنْ يَقْدَمَا عَلَيْهِ، وَيَأْمُرَ مَنْ مَعَهُمَا مِمَّنِ اتَّبَعَهُمَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنْ يَرْجِعُوا إِلَى بِلَادِهِمْ وَأَهْلِيهِمْ فَلَا يَتَعَرَّضُوا لِأَحَدٍ مَرَّ بِهِمْ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ وَعِيرَاتِهَا، فَقَدِمَ كِتَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى أَبِي بَصِيرٍ وَهُوَ يَمُوتُ. فَجَعَلَ يَقْرَؤُهُ، وَمَاتَ وَهُوَ فِي يَدَيْهِ، فَدَفَنَهُ أَبُو جَنْدَلٍ مَكَانَهُ، وَجَعَلَ عِنْدَ قَبْرِهِ مَسْجِدًا. وَقَدِمَ أَبُو جَنْدَلٍ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَعَهُ نَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ وَرَجَعَ سَائِرُهُمْ إِلَى أَهْلِيهِمْ، وَأَمِنَتْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ عِيرَاتُ قُرَيْشٍ. قَالَ عُرْوَةُ: فَلَمَّا كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ عَلِمَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا أَشَارُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَمْنَعَ أَبَا جَنْدَلٍ مِنْ أَبِيهِ بَعْدَ الْقَضِيَّةِ أَنَّ طَاعَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَيْرٌ لَهُمْ فِيمَا أَحَبُّوا وَفِيمَا كَرِهُوا مَنْ رَأَى مَنْ ظَنَّ أَنَّ لَهُ قُوَّةً هِيَ أَفْضَلُ مِمَّا خَصَّ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِهِ رَسُولَهُ مِنَ الْفَوْزِ وَالْكَرَامَةِ ﷺ
Translation
✧ [The gathering of the detained believers to Abū Baṣīr, their harassment of Quraysh, and the Messenger’s sheltering of them] Then Abū Baṣīr went out until he alighted at al-ʿĪṣ, on the side of Dhū al-Marwah, on the seacoast, on Quraysh’s route that they used to take to Syria. The Muslims who had been detained in Makkah learned of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ’s saying to Abū Baṣīr: “Woe to his mother, a stirrer of war, if he had men with him.” So Abū Jandal b. Suhayl b. ʿAmr, whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had returned to the polytheists at al-Ḥudaybiyah, gathered to him. He went out with seventy riders from among those who had embraced Islam, and they joined Abū Baṣīr. They disliked coming to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ during the truce with the polytheists, and they disliked staying among their own people, so they alighted with Abū Baṣīr. When Abū Jandal arrived at Abū Baṣīr’s, he yielded leadership to him, because he was a Qurayshī, so Abū Jandal led them in prayer. When news of his arrival was heard, people from Banū Ghifār, Aslam, Juhaynah, and groups of other people gathered to Abū Jandal until they numbered three hundred fighting men—as in al-Bayhaqī, from Ibn Shihāb—no caravan of Quraysh passed by them but they seized it and killed those in it, and they pressed hard upon Quraysh, so they did not get hold of any of them without killing him. Among what Abū Jandal b. Suhayl said in those days: Convey to Quraysh from Abū Jandal that we are at Dhū al-Marwah on the coast, In a band whose banners flutter, With white swords and slender spears. They refuse that any traveling party of theirs remain After their close connection to Islam, Or that God make a way out for them— Truth is not overcome by falsehood— So one man is safe by his Islam, And another man is killed, and he did not refrain. Then Quraysh sent Abū Sufyān b. Ḥarb to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, asking him and entreating him to send for Abū Baṣīr and Abū Jandal and those with them. They said: “Whoever goes out from us to you, then you keep him, he is lawful to you, with no hardship upon you in it.” He said: “These riders have opened a door against us that is not right to leave open.” So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wrote to Abū Baṣīr and Abū Jandal, commanding them to come to him, and commanding those with them from the Muslims who had followed them to return to their lands and their families and not to molest anyone from Quraysh or its caravans who passed by them. The letter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ reached Abū Baṣīr while he was dying. He began reading it, and he died while it was in his hands. Abū Jandal buried him in that place and made a mosque at his grave. Abū Jandal came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with some of his companions, and the rest of them returned to their families. After that, Quraysh’s caravans were safe. ʿUrwah said: When that was the matter with them, those who had advised the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to prevent Abū Jandal from his father after the settlement knew that obedience to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was better for them in what they loved and what they disliked, than the view of one who thought that he had strength that was more excellent than what God, exalted is He, had singled out His Messenger for of success and honor ﷺ.
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