Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1316
The Treaty of al-Hudaybiyah
عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ لَمَّا قَدِمَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ هُوَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ رَجَعَ سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو وَحُوَيْطِبٌ وَمِكْرَزٌ إِلَى قُرَيْشٍ فَأَخْبَرُوهُمْ بِمَا رَأَوْا مِنْ سُرْعَةِ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَى الْبَيْعَةِ وَتَشْمِيرِهِمْ إِلَى الْحَرْبِ اشْتَدَّ رُعْبُهُمْ، فَقَالَ أَهْلُ الرَّأْيِ مِنْهُمْ: لَيْسَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ نُصَالِحَ مُحَمَّدًا عَلَى أَنْ يَنْصَرِفَ عَنَّا عَامَهُ هَذَا، وَلَا يَخْلُصَ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ حَتَّى يَسْمَعَ مَنْ سَمِعَ بِمَسِيرِهِ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ أَنَّا قَدْ صَدَدْنَاهُ، وَيَرْجِعَ قَابِلًا فَيُقِيمَ ثَلَاثًا وَيَنْحَرَ هَدْيَهُ وَيَنْصَرِفَ، وَيُقِيمَ بِبَلَدِنَا وَلَا يَدْخُلَ عَلَيْنَا، فَأَجْمَعُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ. فَلَمَّا أَجْمَعَتْ قُرَيْشٌ عَلَى الصُّلْحِ وَالْمُوَادَعَةِ بَعَثُوا سُهَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو وَحُوَيْطِبًا وَمِكْرَزًا وَقَالُوا لِسُهَيْلٍ: ائْتِ مُحَمَّدًا فَصَالِحْهُ وَلْيَكُنْ فِي صُلْحِكَ أَلَّا يَدْخُلَ عَامَهُ هَذَا، فَوَ اللَّهِ لَا تُحَدِّثُ الْعَرَبُ أَنَّهُ دَخَلَ عَلَيْنَا عَنْوَةً فَأَتَى سُهَيْلٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «قَدْ أَرَادَ الْقَوْمُ الصُّلْحَ حِينَ بَعَثُوا هَذَا» وَفِي لَفْظٍ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «سَهُلَ أَمْرُكُمْ» وَجَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُتَرَبِّعًا، وَكَانَ عَبَّادُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ وَسَلَمَةُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ بْنِ حَرِيشٍ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ - وَهُمَا مُقَنَّعَانِ فِي الْحَدِيدِ - فَبَرَكَ سُهَيْلٌ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ فَكَلَّمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَطَالَ الْكَلَامَ وَتَرَاجَعَا، وَارْتَفَعَتِ الْأَصْوَاتُ وَانْخَفَضَتْ، وَقَالَ عَبَّادُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ لِسُهَيْلٍ: اخْفِضْ مِنْ صَوْتِكَ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ حَوْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ جُلُوسٌ، فَجَرَى بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبَيْنَ سُهَيْلٍ الْقَوْلُ حَتَّى وَقَعَ الصُّلْحُ عَلَى أَنْ تُوضَعَ الْحَرْبُ بَيْنَهُمَا عَشْرَ سِنِينَ، وَأَنْ يَأْمَنَ النَّاسُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا، وَأَنَّ يَرْجِعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَهُ هَذَا، فَإِذَا كَانَ الْعَامُ الْمُقْبِلُ قَدِمَهَا فَخَلَّوْا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ مَكَّةَ، فَأَقَامَ فِيهَا ثَلَاثًا فَلَا يَدْخُلُهَا إِلَّا بِسِلَاحِ الرَّاكِبِ وَالسُّيُوفُ فِي الْقُرَبِ لَا يَدْخُلُهَا بِغَيْرِهِ، وَأَنَّهُ مَنْ أَتَى مُحَمَّدًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ وَلَيِّهِ - وَإِنْ كَانَ عَلَى دِينِ مُحَمَّدٍ - رَدَّهُ إِلَى وَلِيِّهِ، وَأَنَّهُ مَنْ أَتَى قُرَيْشًا مِمَّنِ اتَّبَعَ مُحَمَّدًا لَمْ يَرُدُّوهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَنَّ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَيْبَةً مَكْفُوفَةً، وَأَنَّهُ لَا إِسْلَالَ وَلَا إِغْلَالَ، وَأَنَّهُ مَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِي عَقْدِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَهْدِهِ دَخَلَ فِيهِ، وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِي عَقْدِ قُرَيْشٍ وَعَهْدِهِمْ دَخَلَ، فَتَوَاثَبَتْ خُزَاعَةُ فَقَالُوا: نَحْنُ فِي عَقْدِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَهْدِهِ، وَتَوَاثَبَتْ بَنُو بَكْرٍ فَقَالُوا: نَحْنُ فِي عَقْدِ قُرَيْشٍ وَعَهْدِهِمْ.
Translation
✧ From Suhayl b. Ḥunayf that when ʿUthmān returned from Makkah, he and those with him, Suhayl b. ʿAmr, Ḥuwayṭib, and Mikraz went back to Quraysh and informed them of what they had seen of the eagerness of the Prophet’s ﷺ companions for the pledge and their readiness for war. Their fear intensified, and those of sound judgment among them said: “There is nothing better than that we make peace with Muḥammad on condition that he turns away from us this year of his and does not reach the House, so that any Arab who hears of his march will know that we have turned him back, and that he returns next year and stays three days, slaughters his sacrificial animal, and departs, and that he stays in our land but does not enter upon us.” They unanimously agreed to that. When Quraysh had unanimously agreed to peace and reconciliation, they sent Suhayl b. ʿAmr, Ḥuwayṭib, and Mikraz, and they said to Suhayl: “Go to Muḥammad and make peace with him, and let it be part of your peace that he does not enter this year. For by God, the Arabs will not say that he entered upon us by force.” So Suhayl came to the Messenger of God ﷺ. When the Messenger of God ﷺ saw him, he said: “The people have wanted peace when they sent this one.” In another wording: The Messenger of God ﷺ said: “Your affair has become easy (sahula).” The Messenger of God ﷺ sat cross-legged. ʿAbbād b. Bishr and Salamah b. Aslam b. Ḥarīsh were at his head—both veiled in iron—and Suhayl knelt on his knees and spoke to the Messenger of God ﷺ at length, and they exchanged words, and voices rose and fell. ʿAbbād b. Bishr said to Suhayl: “Lower your voice before the Messenger of God ﷺ,” while the Muslims were sitting around the Messenger of God ﷺ. The discussion between the Messenger of God ﷺ and Suhayl continued until peace was concluded on the following terms: that war between them be suspended for ten years; that people be safe from one another; that the Messenger of God ﷺ return this year of his; that when the next year comes, he may come to it and they will leave the way open between him and Makkah, and he may stay there three days; that he may not enter it except with the weapons of a rider and swords in sheaths, and may not enter it with anything else; that whoever comes to Muḥammad from Quraysh without the permission of his guardian—even if he is on Muḥammad’s religion—he shall return him to his guardian; that whoever comes to Quraysh from those who follow Muḥammad, they shall not return him to him; that between them and the Messenger of God ﷺ there be a sealed chest; that there be no treachery and no theft; that whoever wishes to enter into Muḥammad’s pact and covenant may enter it, and whoever wishes to enter into Quraysh’s pact and covenant may enter it. Khuzāʿah leapt up and said: “We are in Muḥammad’s pact and covenant.” Banū Bakr leapt up and said: “We are in Quraysh’s pact and covenant.”
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