Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1305
The Treaty of al-Hudaybiyah
قَالَ نافع: كَانَتْ سَنَةَ سِتٍّ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ، وَهَذَا هُوَ الصَّحِيحُ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الزُّهْرِيِّ وقتادة وَمُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ ومحمد بن إسحاق وَغَيْرِهِمْ. وَقَالَ هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ: خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ فِي رَمَضَانَ، وَكَانَتْ فِي شَوَّالٍ ، وَهَذَا وَهْمٌ، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَتْ غَزَاةُ الْفَتْحِ فِي رَمَضَانَ، وَقَدْ قَالَ أبو الأسود عَنْ عروة: إِنَّهَا كَانَتْ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ، عَلَى الصَّوَابِ. وَفِي " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ " عَنْ أنس أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ: ( اعْتَمَرَ أَرْبَعَ عُمَرٍ كُلَّهُنَّ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ ). فَذَكَرَ مِنْهَا عُمْرَةَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ أَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْمَدِينَةِ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ وَشَوَّالًا، وَخَرَجَ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ مُعْتَمِرًا، لَا يُرِيدُ حَرْبًا. [ نُمَيْلَةُ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ نُمَيْلَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ اللَّيْثِيُّ. [ اسْتِنْفَارُ الرَّسُولِ النَّاسَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَاسْتَنْفَرَ الْعَرَبَ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَوَادِي مِنْ الْأَعْرَابِ لِيَخْرُجُوا مَعَهُ، وَهُوَ يَخْشَى مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ الَّذِي صَنَعُوا، أَنْ يَعْرِضُوا لَهُ بِحَرْبِ أَوْ يَصُدُّوهُ عَنْ الْبَيْتِ، فَأَبْطَأَ عَلَيْهِ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ الْأَعْرَابِ، وَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنْ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ وَمَنْ لَحِقَ بِهِ مِنْ الْعَرَبِ، وَسَاقَ مَعَهُ الْهَدْيَ، وَأَحْرَمَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ لِيَأْمَنَ النَّاسُ مِنْ حَرْبِهِ، وَلِيَعْلَمَ النَّاسُ أَنَّهُ إنَّمَا خَرَجَ زَائِرًا لِهَذَا الْبَيْتِ وَمُعَظِّمًا لَهُ. [ عِدَّةُ الرِّجَالِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: عَنْ مِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ وَمَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ أَنَّهُمَا حَدَّثَاهُ قَالَا: خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ يُرِيدُ زِيَارَةَ الْبَيْتِ، لَا يُرِيدُ قِتَالًا، وَسَاقَ مَعَهُ الْهَدْيَ سَبْعِينَ بَدَنَةً، وَكَانَ النَّاسُ سَبْعَ مِئَةِ رَجُلٍ، فَكَانَتْ كُلُّ بَدَنَةٍ عَنْ عَشَرَةِ نَفَرٍ. وَكَانَ جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي، يَقُولُ: كُنَّا أَصْحَابَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ مِئَةً. وَالْمَقْصُودُ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ كُلَّهَا مُخَالِفَةٌ لِمَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ؛ مِنْ أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ كَانُوا سَبْعَمِائَةٍ، وَهُوَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ، إِنَّمَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ تَفَقُّهًا مِنْ تِلْقَاءِ نَفْسِهِ؛ مِنْ حَيْثُ إِنَّ الْبُدْنَ كُنَّ سَبْعِينَ بَدَنَةً، وَكُلٌّ مِنْهَا عَنْ عَشَرَةٍ، عَلَى اخْتِيَارِهِ، فَيَكُونُ الْمُهِلُّونَ سَبْعَمِائَةٍ، وَلَا يَلْزَمُ أَنْ يُهْدِيَ كُلُّهُمْ، وَلَا أَنْ يُحْرِمَ كُلُّهُمْ أَيْضًا؛ فَقَدْ ثَبَتَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ طَائِفَةً مِنْهُمْ، فِيهِمْ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ، وَلَمْ يُحْرِمْ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ حَتَّى قَتَلَ ذَلِكَ الْحِمَارَ الْوَحْشِيَّ، فَأَكَلَ مِنْهُ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، وَحَمَلُوا مِنْهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي أَثْنَاءِ الطَّرِيقِ، فَقَالَ: أَمِنْكُمْ أَحَدٌ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَحْمِلَ عَلَيْهَا، أَوْ أَشَارَ إِلَيْهَا ؟ قَالُوا: لَا. قَالَ: فَكُلُوا مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ لَحْمِهَا. وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، أَنَّ أَبَاهُ حَدَّثَهُ قَالَ: انْطَلَقْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَامَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، فَأَحْرَمَ أَصْحَابُهُ وَلَمْ أُحْرِمْ. وَقِيلَ: فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُعْتَمِرًا فِي ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ، لَا يُرِيدُ حَرْبًا، وَمَعَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ، وَمَنْ تَبِعَهُ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ أَلْفٌ وَأَرْبَعُمِائَةٍ، وَقِيلَ: أَلْفٌ وَخَمْسُمِائَةٍ، وَقِيلَ: ثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ [ الرَّسُولُ وَبِشْرُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ] قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: وَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى إذَا كَانَ بِعُسْفَانَ لَقِيَهُ بِشْرُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ الْكَعْبِيُّ - قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَيُقَالُ بُسْرٌ - فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَذِهِ قُرَيْشٌ، قَدْ سَمِعْتُ بِمَسِيرِكَ، فَخَرَجُوا مَعَهُمْ الْعُوذُ الْمَطَافِيلُ، قَدْ لَبِسُوا جُلُودَ النُّمُورِ، وَقَدْ نَزَلُوا بِذِي طُوًى، يُعَاهِدُونَ اللَّهَ لَا تَدْخُلُهَا عَلَيْهِمْ أَبَدًا، وَهَذَا خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ فِي خَيْلِهِمْ قَدْ قَدَّمُوهَا إلَى كُرَاعِ الْغَمِيمِ. قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: يَا وَيْحَ قُرَيْشٍ لَقَدْ أَكَلَتْهُمْ الْحَرْبُ، مَاذَا عَلَيْهِمْ لَوْ خَلَّوْا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ سَائِرِ الْعَرَبِ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَصَابُونِي كَانَ الَّذِي أَرَادُوا، وَإِنْ أَظْهَرَنِي اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ دَخَلُوا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَافِرِينَ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا قَاتَلُوا وَبِهِمْ قُوَّةٌ، فَمَا تَظُنُّ قُرَيْشٌ، فَوَاَللَّهِ لَا أَزَالُ أُجَاهِدُ عَلَى الَّذِي بَعَثَنِي اللَّهُ بِهِ حَتَّى يُظْهِرَهُ اللَّهُ أَوْ تَنْفَرِدَ هَذِهِ السَّالِفَةُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: مَنْ رَجُلٌ يَخْرَجُ بِنَا عَلَى طَرِيقٍ غَيْرِ طَرِيقِهِمْ الَّتِي هُمْ بِهَا ؟ [ تَجَنُّبُ الرَّسُولِ لِقَاءَ قُرَيْشٍ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَحَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَسْلَمَ قَالَ: أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، قَالَ: فَسَلَكَ بِهِمْ طَرِيقًا وَعْرًا أَجْرَلَ بَيْنَ شِعَابٍ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجُوا مِنْهُ، وَقَدْ شَقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَأَفْضَوْا إلَى أَرْضٍ سَهْلَةٍ عِنْدَ مُنْقَطِعِ الْوَادِي قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلنَّاسِ: قُولُوا نَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ وَنَتُوبُ إلَيْهِ فَقَالُوا ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: وَاَللَّهِ إنَّهَا لَلْحِطَّةُ الَّتِي عُرِضَتْ عَلَى بَنِي إسْرَائِيلَ. فَلَمْ يَقُولُوهَا. قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ: اُسْلُكُوا ذَاتَ الْيَمِينِ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَيْ الْحَمْشِ، فِي طَرِيقٍ ( تُخْرِجُهُ ) عَلَى ثَنِيَّةِ الْمُرَارِ مَهْبِطِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ مِنْ أَسْفَلِ مَكَّةَ قَالَ: فَسَلَكَ الْجَيْشُ ذَلِكَ الطَّرِيقَ، فَلَمَّا رَأَتْ خَيْلُ قُرَيْشٍ قَتَرَةَ الْجَيْشِ قَدْ خَالَفُوا عَنْ طَرِيقِهِمْ، رَجَعُوا رَاكِضِينَ إلَى قُرَيْشٍ، وَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى إذَا سَلَكَ، فِي ثَنِيَّةِ الْمُرَارِ بَرَكَتْ نَاقَتُهُ، فَقَالَتْ النَّاسُ: خَلَأَتْ النَّاقَةُ، قَالَ: مَا خَلَأَتْ وَمَا هُوَ لَهَا بِخُلُقٍ، وَلَكِنْ حَبَسَهَا حَابِسُ الْفِيلِ عَنْ مَكَّةَ. لَا تَدْعُونِي قُرَيْشٌ الْيَوْمَ إلَى خُطَّةٍ يَسْأَلُونَنِي فِيهَا صِلَةَ الرَّحَمِ إلَّا أَعْطَيْتُهُمْ إيَّاهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلنَّاسِ: انْزِلُوا؛ قِيلَ لَهُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: مَا بِالْوَادِي مَاءٌ نَنْزِلُ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَخْرَجَ سَهْمًا مِنْ كِنَانَتِهِ. فَأَعْطَاهُ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَنَزَلَ بِهِ فِي قَلِيبٍ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْقُلُبِ. فَغَرَّزَهُ فِي جَوْفِهِ، فَجَاشَ بِالرَّوَّاءِ حَتَّى ضَرَبَ النَّاسُ عَنْهُ بِعَطَنٍ. [ الَّذِي نَزَلَ بِسَهْمِ الرَّسُولِ فِي طَلَبِ الْمَاءِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَحَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ عَنْ رِجَالٍ مِنْ أَسْلَمَ: أَنَّ الَّذِي نَزَلَ فِي الْقَلِيبِ بِسَهْمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَاجِيَةُ بْنُ جُنْدُبِ بْنِ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ يَعْمُرَ بْنِ دَارِمِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ وَائِلَةَ بْنِ سَهْمِ بْنِ مَازِنِ بْنِ سَلَامَانِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ بْنِ أَفْصَى بْنِ أَبِي حَارِثَةَ، وَهُوَ سَائِقُ بُدْنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: أَفْصَى بْنُ حَارِثَةَ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَقَدْ زَعَمَ لِي بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: أَنَّ الْبَرَاءَ بْنَ عَازِبٍ كَانَ يَقُولُ: أَنَا الَّذِي نَزَلْتُ بِسَهْمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَيَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ. [ شِعْرٌ لِنَاجِيَةَ يُثْبِتُ أَنَّهُ حَامِلٌ سَهْمَ الرَّسُولِ ] وَقَدْ أَنْشَدَتْ أَسْلَمُ أَبْيَاتًا مِنْ شِعْرٍ قَالَهَا نَاجِيَةُ، قَدْ ظَنَنَّا أَنَّهُ هُوَ الَّذِي نَزَلَ بِالسَّهْمِ، فَزَعَمَتْ أَسْلَمُ أَنَّ جَارِيَةً مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ أَقْبَلَتْ بِدَلْوِهَا، وَنَاجِيَةُ فِي الْقَلِيبِ يَمِيحُ عَلَى النَّاسِ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا أَيُّهَا الْمَائِحُ دَلْوَى دُونَكَا إنِّي رَأَيْتُ النَّاسَ يَحْمَدُونَكَا يُثْنُونَ خَيْرًا وَيُمَجِّدُونَكَا قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَيُرْوَى: إنِّي رَأَيْتُ النَّاسَ يَمْدَحُونَكَا قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَقَالَ نَاجِيَةُ، وَهُوَ فِي الْقَلِيبِ يَمِيحُ عَلَى النَّاسِ: قَدْ عَلِمَتْ جَارِيَةٌ يَمَانِيَهْ أَنِّي أَنَا الْمَائِحُ وَاسْمِي نَاجِيَهْ وَطَعْنَةٍ ذَاتِ رَشَاشٍ وَاهِيَهْ طَعَنْتُهَا عِنْدَ صُدُورِ الْعَادِيَهْ [ بُدَيْلٌ وَرِجَالُ خُزَاعَةَ بَيْنَ الرَّسُولِ وَقُرَيْشٍ ] قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: فَلَمَّا اطْمَأَنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَتَاهُ بُدَيْلُ بْنُ وَرْقَاءَ الْخُزَاعِيُّ، فِي رِجَالٍ مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ، فَكَلَّمُوهُ وَسَأَلُوهُ: مَا الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ ؟ فَأَخْبَرَهُمْ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَأْتِ يُرِيدُ حَرْبًا، وَإِنَّمَا جَاءَ زَائِرًا لِلْبَيْتِ، وَمُعَظِّمًا لِحُرْمَتِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمْ نَحْوًا مِمَّا قَالَ لِبِشْرِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، فَرَجَعُوا إلَى قُرَيْشٍ فَقَالُوا: يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ، إنَّكُمْ تَعْجَلُونَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، إنَّ مُحَمَّدًا لَمْ يَأْتِ لِقِتَالِ، وَإِنَّمَا جَاءَ زَائِرًا هَذَا الْبَيْتَ، فَاتَّهَمُوهُمْ وَجَبَهُوهُمْ وَقَالُوا: وَإِنْ كَانَ جَاءَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ قِتَالًا، فَوَ اللَّهِ لَا يَدْخُلُهَا عَلَيْنَا عَنْوَةً أَبَدًا، وَلَا تَحَدَّثَ بِذَلِكَ عَنَّا الْعَرَبُ. قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: وَكَانَتْ خُزَاعَةُ عَيْبَةَ نُصْحِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مُسْلِمُهَا وَمُشْرِكُهَا، لَا يُخْفُونَ عَنْهُ شَيْئًا كَانَ بِمَكَّةَ. [ مِكْرَزٌ رَسُولُ قُرَيْشٍ إلَى الرَّسُولِ ] قَالَ: ثُمَّ بَعَثُوا إلَيْهِ مِكْرَزَ بْنَ حَفْصِ بْنِ الْأَخْيَفِ، أَخَا بَنِي عَامِرِ بْنِ لُؤَيٍّ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُقْبِلًا قَالَ: هَذَا رَجُلٌ غَادِرٌ فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَلَّمَهُ، قَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَحْوًا مِمَّا قَالَ لِبُدَيْلٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ؛ فَرَجَعَ إلَى قُرَيْشٍ فَأَخْبَرَهُمْ بِمَا قَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. [ الْحُلَيْسُ رَسُولٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ إلَى الرَّسُولِ ] ثُمَّ بَعَثُوا إلَيْهِ الْحُلَيْسَ بْنَ عَلْقَمَةَ أَوْ ابْنَ زَبَّانَ، وَكَانَ يَوْمَئِذٍ سَيِّدَ الْأَحَابِيشِ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَاةَ بْنِ كِنَانَةَ؛ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: إنَّ هَذَا مِنْ قَوْمٍ يَتَأَلَّهُونَ فَابْعَثُوا الْهَدْيَ فِي وَجْهِهِ حَتَّى يَرَاهُ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى الْهَدْيَ يَسِيلُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ عُرْضِ الْوَادِي فِي قَلَائِدِهِ، وَقَدْ أَكَلَ أَوْبَارَهُ مِنْ طُولِ الْحَبْسِ عَنْ مَحِلِّهِ، رَجَعَ إلَى قُرَيْشٍ، وَلَمْ يَصِلْ إلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إعْظَامًا لَمَا رَأَى، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ. قَالَ: فَقَالُوا لَهُ: اجْلِسْ، فَإِنَّمَا أَنْتَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ لَا عِلْمَ لَكَ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَحَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ: أَنَّ الْحُلَيْسَ غَضِبَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ وَقَالَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ، وَاَللَّهِ مَا عَلَى هَذَا حَالَفْنَاكُمْ، وَلَا عَلَى هَذَا عَاقَدْنَاكُمْ. أَيُصَدُّ عَنْ بَيْتِ اللَّهِ مَنْ جَاءَ مُعَظِّمًا لَهُ وَاَلَّذِي نَفْسُ الْحُلَيْسِ بِيَدِهِ، لَتُخَلُّنَّ بَيْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَبَيْنَ مَا جَاءَ لَهُ، أَوْ لَأَنْفِرَنَّ بِالْأَحَابِيشِ نَفْرَةَ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ. قَالَ: فَقَالُوا لَهُ: مَهْ، كُفَّ عَنَّا يَا حُلَيْسُ حَتَّى نَأْخُذَ لِأَنْفُسِنَا مَا نَرْضَى بِهِ [ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ رَسُولٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ إلَى الرَّسُولِ ] قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: ثُمَّ بَعَثُوا إلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ الثَّقَفِيَّ، فَقَالَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ، إنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ مَا يَلْقَى مِنْكُمْ مَنْ بَعَثْتُمُوهُ إلَى مُحَمَّدٍ إذْ جَاءَكُمْ مِنْ التَّعْنِيفِ وَسُوءِ اللَّفْظِ، وَقَدْ عَرَفْتُمْ أَنَّكُمْ وَالِدٌ وَإِنِّي وَلَدٌ - وَكَانَ عُرْوَةُ لِسُبَيْعَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ - وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ بِاَلَّذِي نَابَكُمْ، فَجَمَعْتُ مَنْ أَطَاعَنِي مِنْ قَوْمِي، ثُمَّ جِئْتُكُمْ حَتَّى آسَيْتُكُمْ بِنَفْسِي؛ قَالُوا: صَدَقْتُ، مَا أَنْتَ عِنْدَنَا بِمُتَّهَمٍ. فَخَرَجَ حَتَّى أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَجَلَسَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، أَجَمَعْتَ أَوْشَابَ النَّاسِ، ثُمَّ جِئْتَ بِهِمْ إلَى بَيْضَتِكَ لِتَفُضَّهَا بِهِمْ، إنَّهَا قُرَيْشٌ قَدْ خَرَجَتْ مَعَهَا الْعُوذُ الْمَطَافِيلُ. قَدْ لَبِسُوا جُلُودَ النُّمُورِ، يُعَاهِدُونَ اللَّهَ لَا تَدْخُلُهَا عَلَيْهِمْ عَنْوَةً أَبَدًا. وَاَيْمُ اللَّهِ، لِكَأَنِّي بِهَؤُلَاءِ قَدْ انْكَشَفُوا عَنْكَ غَدًا. قَالَ: وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَاعِدٌ؛ فَقَالَ: اُمْصُصْ بَظْرَ اللَّاتِي، أَنَحْنُ نَنْكَشِفُ عَنْهُ ؟ قَالَ: مَنْ هَذَا يَا مُحَمَّدُ ؟ قَالَ: هَذَا ابْنُ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ، قَالَ: أَمَا وَاَللَّهِ لَوْلَا يَدٌ كَانَتْ لَكَ عِنْدِي لَكَافَأْتُكَ بِهَا، وَلَكِنْ هَذِهِ بِهَا قَالَ: ثُمَّ جَعَلَ يَتَنَاوَلُ لِحْيَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ يُكَلِّمُهُ. قَالَ: وَالْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ وَاقِفٌ عَلَى رَأْسِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْحَدِيدِ. قَالَ: فَجَعَلَ يَقْرَعُ يَدَهُ إذَا تَنَاوَلَ لِحْيَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَيَقُولُ: اُكْفُفْ يَدَكَ عَنْ وَجْهِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَبْلَ أَنْ لَا تَصِلَ إلَيْكَ؛ قَالَ: فَيَقُولُ عُرْوَةُ: وَيْحَكَ مَا أَفَظَّكَ وَأَغْلَظَكَ قَالَ: فَتَبَسَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ؛ فَقَالَ لَهُ عُرْوَةُ: مَنْ هَذَا يَا مُحَمَّدُ ؟ قَالَ: هَذَا ابْنُ أَخِيكَ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ؛ قَالَ: أَيْ غُدَرُ، وَهَلْ غَسَلْتُ سَوْأَتَكَ إلَّا بِالْأَمْسِ. - قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: أَرَادَ عُرْوَةُ بِقَوْلِهِ هَذَا أَنَّ الْمُغِيرَةَ بْنَ شُعْبَةَ قَبْلَ إسْلَامِهِ قَتَلَ ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي مَالِكٍ. مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ. فَتَهَايَجَ الْحَيَّانِ مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ: بَنُو مَالِكٍ رَهْطُ الْمَقْتُولِينَ، وَالْأَحْلَافُ رَهْطُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، فَوَدَى عُرْوَةُ الْمَقْتُولِينَ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ دِيَةً، وَأَصْلَحَ ذَلِكَ الْأَمْرَ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: فَكَلَّمَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِنَحْوٍ مِمَّا كَلَّمَ بِهِ أَصْحَابَهُ، وَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَأْتِ يُرِيدُ حَرْبًا. فَقَامَ مِنْ عِنْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَدْ رَأَى مَا يَصْنَعُ بِهِ أَصْحَابُهُ، لَا يَتَوَضَّأُ إلَّا ابْتَدَرُوا وُضُوءَهُ، وَلَا يَبْصُقُ بُصَاقًا إلَّا ابْتَدَرُوهُ. وَلَا يَسْقُطُ مِنْ شَعْرِهِ شَيْءٌ إلَّا أَخَذُوهُ. فَرَجَعَ إلَى قُرَيْشٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ، إنِّي قَدْ جِئْتُ كِسْرَى فِي مُلْكِهِ، وَقَيْصَرَ فِي مُلْكِهِ. وَالنَّجَاشِيَّ فِي مُلْكِهِ. وَإِنِّي وَاَللَّهِ مَا رَأَيْتُ مَلِكًا فِي قَوْمٍ قَطُّ مِثْلَ مُحَمَّدٍ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ، وَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ قَوْمًا لَا يُسْلِمُونَهُ لِشَيْءِ أَبَدًا، فَرَوْا رَأْيَكُمْ. [ خِرَاشٌ رَسُولُ الرَّسُولِ إلَى قُرَيْشٍ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَعَا خِرَاشَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ الْخُزَاعِيَّ، فَبَعَثَهُ إلَى قُرَيْشٍ بِمَكَّةَ، وَحَمَلَهُ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ لَهُ يُقَالُ لَهُ الثَّعْلَبُ، لِيُبَلِّغَ أَشْرَافَهُمْ عَنْهُ مَا جَاءَ لَهُ، فَعَقَرُوا بِهِ جَمْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَرَادُوا قَتْلَهُ، فَمَنَعَتْهُ الْأَحَابِيشُ، فَخَلَّوْا سَبِيلَهُ، حَتَّى أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ. [ النَّفَرُ الْقُرَشِيُّونَ الَّذِينَ أَرْسَلَتْهُمْ قُرَيْشٌ لِلْعُدْوَانِ ثُمَّ عَفَا عَنْهُمْ الرَّسُولُ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَقَدْ حَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ مَنْ لَا أَتَّهِمُ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ قُرَيْشًا كَانُوا بَعَثُوا أَرْبَعِينَ رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ أَوْ خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا، وَأَمَرُوهُمْ أَنْ يُطِيفُوا بِعَسْكَرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لِيُصِيبُوا لَهُمْ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ أَحَدًا، فَأُخِذُوا أَخْذًا، فَأُتِيَ بِهِمْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَعَفَا عَنْهُمْ، وَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهُمْ، و قَدْ كَانُوا رَمَوْا فِي عَسْكَرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْحِجَارَةِ وَالنَّبْلِ. وَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ « الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ » إِذْ خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا ثَلَاثُونَ شَابًّا عَلَيْهِمِ السِّلَاحُ فَثَارُوا إِلَى وُجُوهِنَا، فَدَعَا عَلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخَذَ اللَّهُ بِأَسْمَاعِهِمْ - وَلَفْظُ الْحَاكِمِ بِأَبْصَارِهِمْ - فَقُمْنَا إِلَيْهِمْ فَأَخَذْنَاهُمْ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «هَلْ جِئْتُمْ فِي عَهْدِ أَحَدٍ وَهَلْ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ أَحَدٌ أَمَانًا» ؟ فَقَالُوا: لَا. فَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهُمْ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنْكُمْ [سُورَةُ الْفَتْحِ 24]. وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ « الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ » هَبَطَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابُهُ ثَمَانُونَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ فِي السِّلَاحِ مِنْ قِبَلِ جَبَلِ التَّنْعِيمِ يُرِيدُونَ غِرَّةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَدَعَا عَلَيْهِمْ، فَأُخِذُوا فَعَفَا عَنْهُمْ. وَرَوَى عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ، وَابْنُ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: ذُكِرُ لَنَا أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُقَالُ لَهُ ابْنُ زُنَيْمٍ اطَّلَعَ الثَّنِيَّةَ «يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ » فَرَمَاهُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ فَقَتَلُوهُ، فَبَعَثَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَيْلًا، فَأَتَوْا بِاثْنَيْ عَشَرَ فَارِسًا، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «هَلْ لَكُمْ عَهْدٌ أَوْ ذِمَّةٌ» ؟ قَالُوا: لَا. فَأَرْسَلَهُمْ. عثمان ؓ رسول رسول الله ﷺ إلى قريش وَعَنْ عُرْوَةَ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْحُدَيْبِيَةَ فَزِعَتْ قُرَيْشٌ لِنُزُولِهِ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَأَحَبَّ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَدَعَا عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ لِيَبْعَثَهُ إِلَى قُرَيْشٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أَخَافُ قُرَيْشًا عَلَى نَفْسِي وَقَدْ عَرَفَتْ قُرَيْشٌ عَدَاوَتِي لَهَا، وَلَيْسَ بِهَا مِنْ بَنِي عَدِيٍّ مَنْ يَمْنَعُنِي، وَإِنْ أَحْبَبْتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ دَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ. فَلَمْ يَقُلْ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَيْئًا، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَلَكِنِّي أَدُلُّكَ عَلَى رَجُلٍ أَعَزَّ بِمَكَّةَ مِنِّي، وَأَكْثَرَ عَشِيرَةً وَأَمْنَعَ، وَأَنَّهُ يُبَلِّغُ لَكَ مَا أَرَدْتَ، عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ. فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عُثْمَانَ فَقَالَ: «اذْهَبْ إِلَى قُرَيْشٍ وَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّا لَمْ نَأْتِ لِقِتَالٍ وَإِنَّمَا جِئْنَا عَمَّارًا، وَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ». وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ رِجَالًا بِمَكَّةَ مُؤْمِنِينَ وَنِسَاءٍ مُؤْمِنَاتٍ فَيَدْخُلَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَيُبَشِّرَهُمْ بِالْفَتْحِ، وَيُخْبِرَهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى - وَشِيكًا أَنْ يُظْهِرَ دِينَهُ بِمَكَّةَ حَتَّى لَا يُسْتَخْفَى فِيهَا بِالْإِيمَانِ. فَانْطَلَقَ عُثْمَانُ إِلَى قُرَيْشٍ فَمَرَّ عَلَيْهِمْ بِبَلْدَحٍ فَقَالُوا: أَيْنَ تُرِيدُ ؟ فَقَالَ: بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَيْكُمْ لِأَدْعُوَكُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، وَإِلَى اللَّهِ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ، وَتَدْخُلُونَ فِي الدِّينِ كَافَّةً، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ - تَعَالَى - مُظْهِرٌ دِينَهُ وَمُعِزٌّ نَبِيَّهُ، وَأُخْرَى: تُكْفَوْنَ وَيَكُونُ الَّذِي يَلِي هَذَا الْأَمْرَ مِنْهُ غَيْرُكُمْ، فَإِنْ ظُفِرَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَذَلِكَ مَا أَرَدْتُمْ، وَإِنْ ظَفَرَ كُنْتُمْ بِالْخِيَارِ بَيْنَ أَنْ تَدْخُلُوا فِيمَا دَخَلَ فِيهِ النَّاسُ، أَوْ تُقَاتِلُوا وَأَنْتُمْ وَافِرُونَ جَامُّونَ. إِنَّ الْحَرْبَ قَدْ نَهَكَتْكُمْ وَأَذْهَبَتِ الْأَمَاثِلَ مِنْكُمْ. وَأُخْرَى أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُخْبِرُكُمْ إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَأْتِ لِقِتَالِ أَحَدٍ، إِنَّمَا جَاءَ مُعْتَمِرًا، مَعَهُ الْهَدْيُ، عَلَيْهِ الْقَلَائِدُ يَنْحَرُهُ وَيَنْصَرِفُ. فَقَالُوا: قَدْ سَمِعْنَا مَا تَقُولُ، وَلَا كَانَ هَذَا أَبَدًا، وَلَا دَخَلَهَا عَلَيْنَا عَنْوَةً، فَارْجِعْ إِلَى صَاحِبِكَ فَأَخْبِرْهُ أَنَّهُ لَا يَصِلُ إِلَيْنَا. وَلَقِيَهُ أَبَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ - وَأَسْلَمَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، فَرَحَّبَ بِهِ أَبَانُ وَأَجَارَهُ، وَقَالَ: لَا تُقَصِّرْ عَنْ حَاجَتِكَ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ عَنْ فَرَسٍ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ فَحَمَلَ عُثْمَانَ عَلَى السَّرْجِ وَرَدِفَ وَرَاءَهُ وَقَالَ: أَقْبِلْ وَأَدْبِرْ لَا تَخَفْ أَحَدًا بَنُو سَعِيدٍ أَعِزَّةُ الْحَرَمِ فَدَخَلَ بِهِ مَكَّةَ، فَأَتَى عُثْمَانَ أَشْرَافُ قُرَيْشٍ - رَجُلًا رَجُلًا - فَجَعَلُوا يَرُدُّونَ عَلَيْهِ: إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا لَا يَدْخُلُهَا عَلَيْنَا أَبَدًا، وَدَخَلَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ مُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ رِجَالٍ وَنِسَاءٍ مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ بِمَكَّةَ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: قَدْ أَظَلَّكُمْ حَتَّى لَا يُسْتَخْفَى بِمَكَّةَ الْيَوْمَ بِالْإِيمَانِ، فَفَرِحُوا بِذَلِكَ، وَقَالُوا: اقْرَأْ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ السَّلَامَ. وَلَمَّا فَرَغَ عُثْمَانُ مِنْ رِسَالَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى قُرَيْشٍ قَالُوا لَهُ: إِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ فَطُفْ، فَقَالَ: مَا كُنْتُ لِأَفْعَلَ حَتَّى يَطُوفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَقَامَ عُثْمَانُ بِمَكَّةَ ثَلَاثًا يَدْعُو قُرَيْشًا. وَقَالَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ - وَهُمْ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ عُثْمَانُ -: خَلَصَ عُثْمَانُ مِنْ بَيْنِنَا إِلَى الْبَيْتِ فَطَافَ بِهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَا أَظُنُّهُ طَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ وَنَحْنُ مَحْصُورُونَ»، وَقَالُوا: وَمَا يَمْنَعُهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَقَدْ خَلَصَ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ: «ذَلِكَ ظَنِّي بِهِ أَلَّا يَطُوفَ بِالْكَعْبَةِ حَتَّى نَطُوفَ»، وَعِنْدَ ابْنِ جَرِيرٍ وَابْنِ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ - مَرْفُوعًا - «لَوْ مَكَثَ كَذَا كَذَا سَنَةً مَا طَافَ حَتَّى أَطُوفَ» فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ عُثْمَانُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ لَهُ: اشْتَفَيْتَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ!! فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ: بِئْسَ مَا ظَنَنْتُمْ بِي! فَوَ الَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَوْ مَكَثْتُ مُقِيمًا بِهَا سَنَةً وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُقِيمٌ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ مَا طُفْتُ حَتَّى يَطُوفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَقَدْ دَعَتْنِي قُرَيْشٌ إِلَى أَنْ أَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ فَأَبَيْتُ. فَقَالُوا: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْلَمَنَا وَأَحْسَنَنَا ظَنًّا. وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُ أَصْحَابَهُ بِالْحِرَاسَةِ بِاللَّيْلِ، فَكَانُوا ثَلَاثَةً يَتَنَاوَبُونَ الْحِرَاسَةَ: أَوْسُ بْنُ خَوْلِيٍّ - بِفَتْحِ الْخَاءِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ وَالْوَاوِ - وَعَبَّادُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ ؓ وَكَانَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ عَلَى حَرَسِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَيْلَةً مِنَ اللَّيَالِي، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ بِمَكَّةَ. وَقَدْ كَانَتْ قُرَيْشٌ بَعَثَتْ لَيْلًا خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا، عَلَيْهِمْ مِكْرَزُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، وَأَمَرُوهُمْ أَنْ يَطُوفُوا بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ رَجَاءَ أَنْ يُصِيبُوا مِنْهُمْ أَحَدًا، أَوْ يُصِيبُوا مِنْهُمْ غِرَّةً، فَأَخَذَهُمْ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، فَجَاءَ بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَفْلَتَ مِكْرَزٌ فَخَبَّرَ أَصْحَابَهُ وَظَهَرَ قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ أَنَّهُ رَجُلٌ غَادِرٌ، وَكَانَ رِجَالٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَدْ دَخَلُوا مَكَّةَ بِإِذْنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُمْ: كَرَزُ بْنُ جَابِرٍ الْفِهْرِيُّ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ حُذَافَةَ السَّهْمِيُّ، وَأَبُو الرُّومِ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ الْعَبْدَرِيُّ، وَعَيَّاشُ بْنُ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ، وَهِشَامُ بْنُ الْعَاصِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، وَأَبُو حَاطِبِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو مِنْ عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ وَعُمَيْرُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ الْجُمَحِيُّ وَحَاطِبُ بْنُ أَبِي بَلْتَعَةَ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ. قَدْ دَخَلُوا مَكَّةَ فِي أَمَانِ عُثْمَانَ، وَقِيلَ: سِرًّا، فَعُلِمَ بِهِمْ فَأُخِذُوا، وَبَلَغَ قُرَيْشًا حَبْسُ أَصْحَابِهِمُ الَّذِينَ مَسَكَهُمْ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، فَجَاءَ جَمْعٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ حَتَّى تَرَامَوْا بِالنَّبْلِ وَالْحِجَارَةِ، وَأَسَرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ - أَيْضًا - اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ فَارِسًا، وَقُتِلَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ابْنُ زُنَيْمٍ - وَقَدْ أَطْلَعَ الثَّنِيَّةَ مِنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ - فَرَمَاهُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ فَقَتَلُوهُ، وَبَعَثَتْ قُرَيْشٌ سُهَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو وَحُوَيْطِبَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى - وَأَسْلَمَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، وَمِكْرَزَ بْنَ حَفْصٍ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ سُهَيْلٌ وَرَآهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: سَهُلَ أَمْرُكُمْ فَقَالَ سُهَيْلٌ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّ الَّذِي كَانَ مِنْ حَبْسِ أَصْحَابِكَ وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ قِتَالِ مَنْ قَاتَلَكَ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ رَأْيِ ذَوِي رَأْيِنَا بَلْ كُنَّا لَهُ كَارِهِينَ حِينَ بَلَغَنَا، وَلَمْ نَعْلَمْ بِهِ، وَكَانَ مِنْ سُفَهَائِنَا، فَابْعَثْ إِلَيْنَا بِأَصْحَابِنَا الَّذِينَ أَسَرْتَ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ، وَالَّذِينَ أَسَرْتَ آخِرَ مَرَّةٍ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنِّي غَيْرُ مُرْسِلِهِمْ حَتَّى تُرْسِلُوا أَصْحَابِي»، فَقَالُوا: أَنْصَفْتَنَا، فَبَعَثَ سُهَيْلُ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ إِلَى قُرَيْشٍ بِالشُّيَيْمِ - بِشِينٍ مُعْجَمَةٍ مُصَغَّرٌ - بْنُ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ التَّيْمِيُّ، فَبَعَثُوا بِمَنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُمْ: وَهُمْ عُثْمَانُ وَالْعَشَرَةُ السَّابِقُ ذِكْرُهُمْ ؓ وَأَرْسَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَصْحَابَهُمُ الَّذِينَ أَسَرَهُمْ، وَقَبْلَ وُصُولِ عُثْمَانَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ بَلَغَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ قَدْ قُتِلُوا، فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ حِينَ دَعَا إِلَى الْبَيْعَةِ. [إشَاعَةُ مَقْتَلِ عُثْمَانَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَخَرَجَ عُثْمَانُ إلَى مَكَّةَ، فَلَقِيَهُ أَبَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ حِينَ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ، أَوْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَهَا، فَحَمَلَهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، ثُمَّ أَجَارَهُ حَتَّى بَلَّغَ رِسَالَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَانْطَلَقَ عُثْمَانُ حَتَّى أَتَى أَبَا سُفْيَانَ وَعُظَمَاءَ قُرَيْشٍ، فَبَلَّغَهُمْ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا أَرْسَلَهُ بِهِ؛ فَقَالُوا لِعُثْمَانِ حِينَ فَرَغَ مِنْ رِسَالَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إلَيْهِمْ: إنْ شِئْتُ أَنْ تَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ فَطُفْ؛ فَقَالَ: مَا كُنْتُ لِأَفْعَلَ حَتَّى يَطُوفَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَاحْتَبَسَتْهُ قُرَيْشٌ عِنْدَهَا، فَبَلَغَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ قَدْ قُتِلَ.
Translation
✧ Nāfiʿ said: It was in the year six in Dhū al-Qaʿdah, and this is the correct view, and it is the saying of al-Zuhrī, Qatādah, Mūsā b. ʿUqbah, Muḥammad b. Isḥāq, and others. Hishām b. ʿUrwah said on the authority of his father: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out to al-Ḥudaybiyah in Ramaḍān, and it took place in Shawwāl. This is an error; rather, the campaign of the Conquest was in Ramaḍān. Abū al-Aswad said on the authority of ʿUrwah: It took place in Dhū al-Qaʿdah, which is correct. In the two Ṣaḥīḥs, on the authority of Anas, that the Prophet ﷺ: "performed four ʿumrahs, all of them in Dhū al-Qaʿdah." He mentioned among them the ʿumrah of al-Ḥudaybiyah. Ibn Isḥāq said: Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stayed in Madinah for the month of Ramaḍān and Shawwāl, and set out in Dhū al-Qaʿdah to perform ʿumrah, not intending war. [Numaylah over Madinah] Ibn Hishām said: He appointed Numaylah b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Laythī over Madinah. [The Messenger's call to the people] Ibn Isḥāq said: He called upon the Arabs and those around him from the Bedouins of the desert to go out with him, while he feared that Quraysh might confront him with war or turn him away from the House, so many of the Bedouins were slow to respond. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out with those with him from the Muhājirūn and the Anṣār, and those Arabs who joined him. He drove the sacrificial animals with him and entered into iḥrām for ʿumrah so that people would feel safe from his war and know that he had only come as a visitor to this House and to honor it. [The number of men] Ibn Isḥāq said: On the authority of Miswar b. Makhramah and Marwān b. al-Ḥakam, that they both narrated to him, saying: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out in the year of al-Ḥudaybiyah intending to visit the House, not intending fighting. He drove with him seventy camels as sacrificial animals. The people were seven hundred men, so each camel was for ten persons. Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh, as it has reached me, used to say: We, the companions of al-Ḥudaybiyah, were fourteen hundred. [Ibn Kathīr noted:] The point is that these narrations all contradict what Ibn Isḥāq went to, that the companions of al-Ḥudaybiyah were seven hundred. He, and Allah knows best, only said that as a personal inference, since the sacrificial camels were seventy, and each was for ten, by his choice, so those who entered iḥrām would be seven hundred. But it is not necessary that all of them offered sacrifices, nor that all of them entered iḥrām. It is established that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent a group of them, among whom was Abū Qatādah, and Abū Qatādah did not enter iḥrām until he killed that wild donkey and ate from it with his companions, and they carried some of it to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ during the journey. He said: "Did any of you command him to attack it, or point to it?" They said: No. He said: "Then eat what remains of its meat." On the authority of ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Qatādah, that his father narrated to him, saying: We set out with the Prophet ﷺ in the year of al-Ḥudaybiyah, and his companions entered iḥrām, but I did not. It is said: In this year the Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out to perform ʿumrah in Dhū al-Qaʿdah, not intending war, and with him were a group of Muhājirūn and Anṣār, and those Bedouins who followed him, one thousand four hundred; and it is said one thousand five hundred; and it is said three hundred. [The Messenger and Bishr b. Sufyān] Al-Zuhrī said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out until when he was at ʿUsfān, Bishr b. Sufyān al-Kaʿbī met him—Ibn Hishām said: it is also said Busr—and said: O Messenger of Allah, this is Quraysh; they have heard of your march and have come out with their nursing camels and young, wearing leopard skins, and have camped at Dhū Ṭuwā, pledging to Allah that you will never enter it against them. And this is Khālid b. al-Walīd among their cavalry, which they have sent ahead to Kurāʿ al-Ghamīm. He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Woe to Quraysh! War has devoured them. What would it harm them if they left me alone with the rest of the Arabs? If they kill me, that is what they wanted, and if Allah makes me victorious over them, they would enter Islam with their strength intact. If they do not, they fight while they have power. What does Quraysh think? By Allah, I will not cease striving for that with which Allah has sent me until Allah makes it prevail or this neck is severed." Then he said: "Is there a man who can lead us out on a path other than their path, the one they are on?" [The Messenger avoids meeting Quraysh] Ibn Isḥāq said: ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Bakr narrated to me that a man from Aslam said: I will, O Messenger of Allah. He said: So he led them on a rugged, stony path between mountain passes. When they emerged from it and it had been hard on the Muslims, and they reached an open plain at the end of the valley, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to the people: "Say: We seek Allah's forgiveness and repent to Him." So they said that. He said: "By Allah, it is the ḥiṭṭah that was offered to the Children of Israel, and they did not say it." Ibn Shihāb said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered the people and said: "Take the route to the right between the two mountains of Ḥamsh, on a path that brings you out to the pass of al-Murār, the descent to al-Ḥudaybiyah from the lower side of Makkah." He said: So the army took that path. When the cavalry of Quraysh saw the dust of the army, that they had turned away from their path, they returned galloping to Quraysh. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went on until when he was in the pass of al-Murār, his she-camel knelt down. The people said: "The she-camel has become stubborn." He said: "She has not become stubborn, and that is not her nature, but she has been restrained by the One who restrained the elephant from Makkah. Quraysh will not call me today to any plan in which they ask me for kinship ties except that I will grant it to them." Then he said to the people: "Dismount." It was said to him: "O Messenger of Allah, there is no water in the valley for us to camp by." He took out an arrow from his quiver and gave it to a man from his companions. He went down with it into one of those wells and fixed it in its bottom, and it gushed with abundant water until the people had enough to water their camels. [The one who went down with the Messenger's arrow to seek water] Ibn Isḥāq said: Some people of knowledge narrated to me from men of Aslam that the one who went down into the well with the arrow of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was Nājiyah b. Jundub b. ʿUmayr b. Yaʿmur b. Dārim b. ʿAmr b. Wāʾilah b. Sahm b. Māzin b. Salāmān b. Aslam b. Afṣā b. Abī Ḥārithah, and he was the driver of the sacrificial camels of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Ibn Hishām said: Afṣā b. Ḥārithah. Ibn Isḥāq said: Some people of knowledge claimed to me that al-Barāʾ b. ʿĀzib used to say: I am the one who went down with the arrow of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Allah knows best which of these it was. [Poetry by Nājiyah confirming he carried the Messenger's arrow] Aslam recited verses of poetry that Nājiyah said, as they thought he was the one who went down with the arrow. Aslam claimed that a girl from the Anṣār came forward with her bucket while Nājiyah was in the well drawing water for the people, and she said: O you who draws water, my bucket is before you, I have seen the people praising you, They speak good and extol you. Ibn Hishām said: It is also narrated: I have seen the people lauding you. Ibn Isḥāq said: Nājiyah said while he was in the well drawing water for the people: A Yemeni girl has known That I am the water-drawer and my name is Nājiyah, And a thrust with spray, piercing, I thrust it at the chests of the attackers. [Budayl and men of Khuzāʿah between the Messenger and Quraysh] Al-Zuhrī said in his narration: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had settled, Budayl b. Warqāʾ al-Khuzāʿī came to him with men from Khuzāʿah. They spoke to him and asked what had brought him. He informed them that he had not come intending war, but only as a visitor to the House and to honor its sanctity. Then he said to them something similar to what he had said to Bishr b. Sufyān. They returned to Quraysh and said: O assembly of Quraysh, you are being hasty with Muḥammad. Muḥammad has not come for fighting; he has only come as a visitor to this House. But they accused them and rebuffed them, saying: Even if he has come not intending fighting, by Allah, he will never enter it against us by force, and the Arabs will never speak of that about us. Al-Zuhrī said: Khuzāʿah were the confidants of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, both their Muslims and their polytheists, concealing nothing from him of what was in Makkah. [Mikraz as Quraysh's envoy to the Messenger] He said: Then they sent to him Mikraz b. Ḥafṣ b. al-Akhyaf, brother of Banū ʿĀmir b. Luʾayy. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw him approaching, he said: "This is a treacherous man." When he reached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and spoke to him, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him something similar to what he had said to Budayl and his companions. He returned to Quraysh and informed them of what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had said to him. [Al-Ḥulays as an envoy from Quraysh to the Messenger] Then they sent to him al-Ḥulays b. ʿAlqamah or Ibn Zabbān, who was that day the chief of the Aḥābīsh, and he was one of Banū al-Ḥārith b. ʿAbd Manāt b. Kinānah. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw him, he said: "This man is from a people who worship God; send the sacrificial animals in his direction so that he may see them." When he saw the sacrificial animals streaming toward him from the side of the valley with their garlands, their fur having been eaten away by the length of their confinement from their destination, he returned to Quraysh without reaching the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, out of reverence for what he saw, and he told them that. They said to him: "Sit down, for you are only a Bedouin with no knowledge." Ibn Isḥāq said: ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Bakr narrated to me that al-Ḥulays became angry at that and said: O assembly of Quraysh, by Allah, it was not on these terms that we made an alliance with you, nor on these terms that we made a pact with you. Is the one who comes to honor the House of Allah to be turned away from it? By Him in whose hand is the soul of al-Ḥulays, you will certainly make way for Muḥammad for what he has come, or I will mobilize the Aḥābīsh as the mobilization of one man. They said to him: "Wait, restrain yourself from us, O Ḥulays, until we take for ourselves what we can accept." [ʿUrwah b. Masʿūd as an envoy from Quraysh to the Messenger] Al-Zuhrī said in his narration: Then they sent to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ʿUrwah b. Masʿūd al-Thaqafī. He said: O assembly of Quraysh, I have seen the harsh treatment and bad words that meet those you send to Muḥammad when they come to you. You know that you are a father and I am a son — ʿUrwah was the son of Subayʿah bt. ʿAbd Shams — and I have heard of what has befallen you. So I gathered those of my people who obey me and came to you to support you with myself. They said: You have spoken the truth; you are not suspect among us. He went out until he came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and sat before him, then said: O Muḥammad, have you gathered the riffraff of people and then brought them to your people to break them with these? It is Quraysh who have come out with their nursing camels and young, wearing leopard skins, pledging to Allah that you will never enter it against them by force. By Allah, it is as if I see these people dispersing from you tomorrow. He said: Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq was sitting behind the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he said: "Suck the clitoris of al-Lāt! Would we disperse from him?" He said: Who is this, O Muḥammad? He said: "This is the son of Abī Quḥāfah." He said: By Allah, were it not for a favor you did me, I would have repaid you with this, but this is for that. He said: Then he began to take hold of the beard of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while speaking to him. He said: Al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah was standing over the head of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in armor. He said: He began to strike his hand whenever he took hold of the beard of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and say: "Keep your hand away from the face of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ before it does not reach you." He said: ʿUrwah would say: "Woe to you, how rude and harsh you are!" He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ smiled. ʿUrwah said to him: Who is this, O Muḥammad? He said: "This is your nephew, al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah." He said: O treacherous one, did I not wash your disgrace only yesterday? Ibn Hishām said: By this statement ʿUrwah meant that al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah, before his Islam, had killed thirteen men of Banū Mālik of Thaqīf. The two clans of Thaqīf clashed: Banū Mālik, the kin of the slain, and the Aḥlāf, the kin of al-Mughīrah. ʿUrwah paid the blood money for the slain, thirteen diyahs, and settled the matter. Ibn Isḥāq said: Al-Zuhrī said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ spoke to him in a manner similar to what he had said to his companions, and informed him that he had not come intending war. He rose from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, having seen what his companions do for him: he does not perform ablution except that they rush to his ablution water; he does not spit except that they rush to it; no hair falls from him except that they take it. He returned to Quraysh and said: O assembly of Quraysh, I have been to Kisrā in his kingdom, and Caesar in his kingdom, and the Negus in his kingdom, but by Allah, I have never seen a king among his people like Muḥammad among his companions. I have seen a people who will never surrender him for anything. So consider your opinion. [Khirāsh as the Messenger's envoy to Quraysh] Ibn Isḥāq said: Some people of knowledge narrated to me that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ summoned Khirāsh b. Umayyah al-Khuzāʿī and sent him to Quraysh in Makkah, mounting him on a camel of his called al-Thaʿlab, to convey to their nobles what he had come for. But they hamstrung the Messenger's camel under him and wanted to kill him; the Aḥābīsh prevented them, and they let him go until he came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. [The Qurayshī group sent by Quraysh for aggression, then pardoned by the Messenger] Ibn Isḥāq said: Some of those whom I do not suspect narrated to me from ʿIkrimah, the freedman of Ibn ʿAbbās, from Ibn ʿAbbās: Quraysh sent forty or fifty men and ordered them to surround the camp of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to capture someone from his companions. They were all captured and brought to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he pardoned them and let them go, even though they had thrown stones and arrows at the camp of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. On the day of al-Ḥudaybiyah, thirty young men in armor came out against us and rushed at our faces. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ supplicated against them, and Allah seized their hearing — in the wording of al-Ḥākim, their sight — and we rose against them and captured them. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to them: "Have you come under a covenant of anyone, or has anyone given you a guarantee of safety?" They said: No. So he let them go. Then Allah Almighty revealed: "And it is He who restrained their hands from you" [Sūrat al-Fatḥ 24]. On the authority of Anas, he said: On the day of al-Ḥudaybiyah, eighty men from the people of Makkah in armor descended upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his companions from the direction of Mount al-Tanʿīm, wanting to catch the Messenger of Allah ﷺ by surprise. He supplicated against them, and they were captured, and he pardoned them. ʿAbd b. Ḥumayd and Ibn Jarīr narrated from Qatādah, who said: It was mentioned to us that a man from the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called Ibn Zunaym ascended the mountain pass on the day of al-Ḥudaybiyah, and the polytheists shot at him and killed him. The Prophet of Allah ﷺ sent cavalry, and they brought twelve horsemen. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to them: "Do you have a covenant or protection?" They said: No. So he released them. ʿUthmān ؓ as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ's envoy to Quraysh And on the authority of ʿUrwah, who said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ encamped at al-Ḥudaybiyah, Quraysh were alarmed by his encamping near them. He wanted to send one of his companions to them, so he summoned ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb to send him to Quraysh. ʿUmar said: "O Messenger of Allah, I fear Quraysh for my own self, for Quraysh know my enmity toward them, and there is no one from Banū ʿAdī among them to protect me. But if you wish, O Messenger of Allah, I will enter upon them." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not say anything to him. Then ʿUmar said: "O Messenger of Allah, I will point you to a man who is mightier in Makkah than I, with more kinsmen and more protection, and who will convey for you what you intend: ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ summoned ʿUthmān and said: "Go to Quraysh and tell them that we have not come to fight; we have come only as pilgrims. And call them to Islam." He also commanded him to go to the believing men and believing women in Makkah, enter upon them, give them glad tidings of victory, and inform them that Allah, exalted be He, would soon make His religion prevail in Makkah so that faith would no longer have to be hidden there. So ʿUthmān set out to Quraysh. He passed by them at Baldah. They asked: "Where are you heading?" He replied: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent me to you to call you to Islam and to Allah, glorified be His praise, and that you enter into the religion completely. Indeed, Allah, exalted be He, will make His religion prevail and honor His Prophet. And another thing: if you refrain, then the one who will take charge of this matter will be other than you. If the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is defeated, that is what you want. But if he prevails, you will have the choice between entering into what the people have entered, or fighting while you are numerous and strong. War has already worn you down and destroyed the best of you. And another thing: the Messenger of Allah ﷺ informs you that he has not come to fight anyone; he has come only as a pilgrim, with sacrificial animals wearing garlands, which he will slaughter and then leave." They said: "We have heard what you say, but this will never be, nor will he enter it against us by force. Return to your companion and tell him that he will not reach us." Abān b. Saʿīd met him—and he later became Muslim. Abān welcomed him, granted him protection, and said: "Do not hold back from your need." Then he dismounted from a horse he was riding and seated ʿUthmān on the saddle, riding behind him, and said: Go forward and back, fear no one; the sons of Saʿīd are the mighty ones of the sacred precinct. So he brought him into Makkah. The nobles of Quraysh came to ʿUthmān one by one, repeating to him: "Muḥammad will never enter it against us." He also entered upon believing men and women who were weak and oppressed in Makkah and said: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ says: Your time of shade has come, so that today faith will no longer have to be hidden in Makkah." They rejoiced at that and said: "Convey our greetings of peace to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." When ʿUthmān had finished delivering the message of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to Quraysh, they said to him: "If you wish to circumambulate the House, then do so." He said: "I will not do so until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ circumambulates it." ʿUthmān stayed in Makkah three days calling Quraysh. The Muslims at al-Ḥudaybiyah, before ʿUthmān returned, said: "ʿUthmān has made it to the House and circumambulated it without us." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "I do not think he circumambulated the House while we are being held back." They said: "What would prevent him, O Messenger of Allah, since he has reached it?" He said: "That is what I think of him: he will not circumambulate the Kaʿbah until we do." According to Ibn Jarīr and Ibn Abī Ḥātim, on the authority of Salamah b. al-Akwaʿ, in a marfūʿ report: "Even if he stayed for such and such years, he would not circumambulate until I do." When ʿUthmān returned to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, the Muslims said to him: "You have satisfied yourself with the House, O Abū ʿAbd Allāh!" ʿUthmān said: "What a bad thought you had of me! By the One in whose hand my soul is, even if I stayed there a year while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ remained at al-Ḥudaybiyah, I would not circumambulate until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ does. Quraysh invited me to circumambulate the House, and I refused." They said: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was the most knowledgeable of us and had the best opinion of us." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to order his companions to keep night watch. They would be three, taking turns on watch: Aws b. Khawlī (with a fatḥah on the dotted khāʾ and the wāw), ʿAbbād b. Bishr, and Muḥammad b. Maslamah ؓ. Muḥammad b. Maslamah was on guard duty for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ one night, while ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān was in Makkah. Quraysh had sent fifty men at night, led by Mikraz b. Ḥafṣ, and ordered them to surround the Prophet ﷺ hoping to capture someone or take them by surprise. Muḥammad b. Maslamah captured them and brought them to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Mikraz escaped and informed his companions. The saying of the Prophet ﷺ came true, as previously mentioned, that he was a treacherous man. Some Muslim men had entered Makkah with the permission of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: Karaz b. Jābir al-Fihrī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Suhayl b. ʿAmr b. ʿAbd Shams, ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥudhāfah al-Sahmī, Abū al-Rūm b. ʿUmayr al-ʿAbdarī, ʿAyyāsh b. Abī Rabīʿah, Hishām b. al-ʿĀṣ b. Wāʾil, Abū Ḥāṭib b. ʿAmr from ʿAbd Shams, ʿUmayr b. Wahb al-Jumaḥī, Ḥāṭib b. Abī Baltaʿah, and ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Umayyah. They had entered Makkah under the protection of ʿUthmān, or, it is said, secretly. Their presence became known, and they were seized. When Quraysh learned of the capture of their companions whom Muḥammad b. Maslamah had taken, a group from Quraysh came against the Prophet ﷺ and his companions until they exchanged arrows and stones. The Muslims also captured twelve horsemen from the polytheists. Among the Muslims, Ibn Zunaym, who had appeared on the hill of al-Ḥudaybiyah, was shot by the polytheists and killed. Quraysh sent Suhayl b. ʿAmr, Ḥuwayṭib b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā—both of whom later became Muslim—and Mikraz b. Ḥafṣ. When Suhayl came and the Prophet ﷺ saw him, he said to his companions: "Your affair has become easy." Suhayl said: "O Muḥammad, the detention of your companions and the fighting of those who fought you was not the opinion of our people of sound judgment. Rather, we were averse to it when it reached us; we had no knowledge of it. It was the doing of our foolish ones. So send back to us our companions whom you captured the first time and those you captured the last time." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "I will not send them back until you send back my companions." They said: "You have been fair to us." So Suhayl and those with him sent to Quraysh al-Shuyaym (with a dotted shīn, diminutive form) b. ʿAbd Manāf al-Taymī. They sent back those they had: ʿUthmān and the ten previously mentioned ؓ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent back their companions whom he had captured. Before the arrival of ʿUthmān and those with him, word reached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that ʿUthmān and those with him had been killed. That was when he called for the pledge. [Spreading the rumor of the killing of ʿUthmān] Ibn Isḥāq said: ʿUthmān went out to Makkah. Abān b. Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ met him when he entered Makkah, or before he entered it, and carried him before him. Then he granted him protection until he delivered the message of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. ʿUthmān went on until he came to Abū Sufyān and the leaders of Quraysh and conveyed to them what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had sent him with. When he had finished delivering the message of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to them, they said to ʿUthmān: "If you wish to circumambulate the House, then do so." He said: "I will not do so until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ circumambulates it." Quraysh detained him with them. News reached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the Muslims that ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān had been killed.
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