Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1280
The Expedition of Dhi Qarad (the Expedition of al-Ghabah)
غَزَاةُ الْغَابَةِ أو ذي قرد وَهِيَ عَلَى بَرِيدٍ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى طَرِيقِ الشَّامِ فِي رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ. وذُو قَرَدٍ - بِفَتْحِ الْقَافِ وَالرَّاءِ، وَحُكِيَ الضَّمُّ فِيهَا، وَحُكِيَ ضَمُّ أَوَّلِهِ وَفَتْحُ ثَانِيهِ. قَالَ الْحَازِمِيُّ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -: الْأَوَّلُ ضَبْطُ أَصْحَابِ الْحَدِيثِ، وَالضَّمُّ عَنْ أَهْلِ اللُّغَةِ، وَقَالَ. الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - الصَّوَابُ الْأَوَّلُ. قَالَ السُّهَيْلِيُّ: وَالْقَرَدُ فِي اللُّغَةِ الصُّوفُ. وقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي صَحِيحِهِ فِي غَزْوَةِ ذِي قَرَدٍ: كَانَتْ قَبْلَ خَيْبَرَ بِثَلَاثٍ، وَذَكَرَهَا بَعْدَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ قَبْلَ خَيْبَرَ. قَالَ الْحَافِظُ: وَيُؤَيِّدُ ذَلِكَ مَا رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَمُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِيَاسِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، ثُمَّ قِصَّةَ ذِي قَرَدٍ، وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهَا: فَرَجَعْنَا - أَيْ مِنَ الْغَزْوَةِ - إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَوَ اللَّهِ مَا لَبِثْنَا بِالْمَدِينَةِ إِلَّا ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ حَتَّى خَرَجْنَا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ. وَأَمَّا ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ فَقَالُوا: كَانَتْ غَزْوَةُ ذِي قَرَدٍ فِي سَنَةِ سِتٍّ قَبْلَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ . قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ فِي رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ. وَقِيلَ فِي جُمَادَى الْأُولَى. وَقَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ فِي شَعْبَانَ فِيهَا، فَإِنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَتْ غَزْوَةُ بَنِي لِحْيَانَ فِي شَعْبَانَ سَنَةَ سِتٍّ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَمْ يَقُمْ إِلَّا لَيَالِيَ حَتَّى أَغَارَ عُيَيْنَةُ بْنُ حِصْنٍ عَلَى لِقَاحِهِ ﷺ قَالَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ: وَمَا ذَكَرَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ أَشْبَهُ بِمَا ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ. وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ - وَهُوَ شَيْخُ صَاحِبِ التَّذْكِرَةِ وَالتَّفْسِيرِ - تَبَعًا لِأَبِي عُمَرَ - رَحِمَهُمُ اللَّهُ: لَا يَخْتَلِفُ أَهْلُ السِّيَرِ أَنَّ غَزْوَةَ ذِي قَرَدٍ كَانَتْ قَبْلَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ ، يَكُونُ مَا وَقَعَ فِي حَدِيثِ سَلَمَةَ وَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضِ الرُّوَاةِ. قَالَ: وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَجْمَعَ بِأَنْ يُقَالَ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ﷺ أَغْزَى سِرِّيَّةٍ فِيهِمْ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ الْأَكْوَعِ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ قَبْلَ فَتْحِهَا، فَأَخْبَرَ سَلَمَةُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ وَعَمَّنْ خَرَجَ مَعَهُ، يَعْنِي حَيْثُ قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ قَالَ: وَيُؤَيِّدُهُ أَنَّ ابْنَ إِسْحَاقَ ذَكَرَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَغْزَى إِلَيْهَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ رَوَاحَةَ قَبْلَ فَتْحِهَا مَرَّتَيْنِ. انْتَهَى. قَالَ الْحَافِظُ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - تَعَالَى: وَسِيَاقُ الْحَدِيثِ يَأْبَى هَذَا الْجَمْعَ، فَإِنَّ فِيهِ بَعْدَ قَوْلِهِ: خَرَجْنَا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَجَعَلَ عَمِّي يَرْتَجِزُ بِالْقَوْمِ، وَفِيهِ قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنَ السَّائِقِ وَفِيهِ مُبَارَزَةُ عَمِّهِ لِمَرْحَبٍ وَقَتْلِ عَامِرٍ، وَغَيْرُ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا وَقَعَ فِي غَزْوَةِ خَيْبَرَ حَيْثُ خَرَجَ إِلَيْهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَعَلَى هَذَا مَا فِي الصَّحِيحِ أَصَحُّ مِمَّا ذَكَرَهُ أَهْلُ السَّيْرِ. قَالَ الْحَافِظُ: وَيَحْتَمِلُ فِي طَرِيقِ الْجَمْعِ أَنْ تَكُونَ إِغَارَةُ عُيَيْنَةَ بْنِ حِصْنٍ عَلَى اللَّقَاحِ وَقَعَتْ مَرَّتَيْنِ، الْأُولَى الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَهِيَ قَبْلَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، وَالثَّانِيَةُ بَعْدَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ قَبْلَ الْخُرُوجِ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ. وَكَانَ رَأْسَ الَّذِينَ أَغَارُوا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ كَمَا فِي سِيَاقِ سَلَمَةَ عِنْدَ مُسْلِمٍ، وَيُؤَيِّدُهُ أَنَّ الْحَاكِمَ ذَكَرَ فِي الْإِكْلِيلِ أَنَّ الْخُرُوجَ إِلَى ذِي قَرَدٍ تَكَرَّرَ، فَفِي الْأُولَى خَرَجَ إِلَيْهَا زَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ قَبْلَ أَحَدٍ، وَفِي الثَّانِيَةِ خَرَجَ إِلَيْهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي رَبِيعٍ الْآخَرِ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ، وَالثَّالِثَةُ هَذِهِ الْمُخْتَلَفُ فِيهَا - انْتَهَى. فَإِذَا ثَبَتَ هَذَا قَوِيَ الْجَمْعُ، الَّذِي ذَكَرْتَهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. ذَكَرَ الْبُخَارِيُّ والْبَيْهَقِيُّ هَذِهِ الْغَزْوَةَ بَعْدَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ وَقَبْلَ خَيْبَرَ، وَهُوَ أَشْبَهُ مِمَّا ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. فَيَنْبَغِي تَأْخِيرُهَا إِلَى أَوَائِلِ سَنَةِ سَبْعٍ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ، فَإِنَّ خَيْبَرَ كَانَتْ فِي صَفَرٍ مِنْهَا.
Translation
✧ The Expedition of al-Ghabah or Dhi Qarad It is at a barīd from Madinah on the road to Syria in Rabīʿ al-Awwal. And Dhū Qarad—with fathah on the qāf and the rāʾ, and ḍammah has been related for them, and ḍammah of its first letter and fathah of its second has been related. Al-Ḥāzimī (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The first is the vocalization of the hadith scholars, and the ḍammah is from the linguists. And he said. Al-Balādhurī (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The correct one is the first. Al-Suhaylī said: Al-qarad in the language is wool. Al-Bukhārī said in his Ṣaḥīḥ about the expedition of Dhū Qarad: It was three before Khaybar, and he mentioned it after al-Ḥudaybiyah before Khaybar. Al-Ḥāfiẓ said: What supports that is what Imām Aḥmad and Muslim narrated from the hadith of Iyās b. Salamah b. al-Akwaʿ from his father, and he mentioned the story of al-Ḥudaybiyah, then the story of Dhū Qarad, and he said at its end: Then we returned—that is, from the expedition—to Madinah, and by Allah, we did not remain in Madinah except three nights until we went out to Khaybar. As for Ibn Isḥāq, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar, and Ibn Saʿd, they said: The expedition of Dhū Qarad was in the year six before al-Ḥudaybiyah. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar and Ibn Saʿd said: In Rabīʿ al-Awwal. And it was said: In Jumādā al-Ūlā. And Ibn Isḥāq said: In Shaʿbān of it, for he said: The expedition of Banū Liḥyān was in Shaʿbān of the year six. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned to Madinah, he did not stay except nights until ʿUyaynah b. Ḥiṣn raided his milch-camels ﷺ. Ibn Kathīr said: What al-Bukhārī mentioned is more akin to what Ibn Isḥāq mentioned. Abū al-ʿAbbās al-Qurṭubī—and he is the shaykh of the author of al-Tadhkirah and al-Tafsīr—following Abū ʿUmar (may Allah have mercy on them) said: The scholars of sīrah do not differ that the expedition of Dhū Qarad was before al-Ḥudaybiyah, and what occurred in the hadith of Salamah is a delusion from some of the narrators. He said: It is possible to reconcile by saying it is possible that the Prophet ﷺ sent a raiding party in which Salamah b. al-Akwaʿ was included to Khaybar before its conquest, and Salamah reported about himself and those who went out with him, meaning where he said: We went out to Khaybar. He said: What supports it is that Ibn Isḥāq mentioned that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent ʿAbd Allāh b. Rawāḥah to it before its conquest twice. End. Al-Ḥāfiẓ (may Allah Most High have mercy on him) said: The context of the hadith refuses this reconciliation, for in it after his saying: We went out to Khaybar with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and my uncle began to chant rajaz verses to the people, and in it is the saying of the Prophet ﷺ about the drover, and in it is the duel of his uncle with Marḥab and the killing of ʿĀmir, and other than that of what occurred in the expedition of Khaybar when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out to it. So based on this, what is in the Ṣaḥīḥ is more correct than what the scholars of sīrah mentioned. Al-Ḥāfiẓ said: It is possible in the way of reconciliation that the raid of ʿUyaynah b. Ḥiṣn on the milch-camels occurred twice: the first, which Ibn Isḥāq mentioned, was before al-Ḥudaybiyah, and the second after al-Ḥudaybiyah before going out to Khaybar. And the leader of those who raided was ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUyaynah as in the context of Salamah in Muslim, and what supports it is that al-Ḥākim mentioned in al-Iklīl that the going out to Dhū Qarad was repeated: in the first, Zayd b. Ḥārithah went out to it before Uḥud, and in the second, the Prophet ﷺ went out to it in Rabīʿ al-Ākhir in the year five, and the third is this one about which there is disagreement—end. So if this is established, the reconciliation that you mentioned is strengthened, and Allah knows best. Al-Bukhārī and al-Bayhaqī mentioned this expedition after al-Ḥudaybiyah and before Khaybar, and it is more akin than what Ibn Isḥāq mentioned, and Allah knows best. So it should be delayed to the beginning of the year seven of the Hijrah, for Khaybar was in Ṣafar of it.
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