Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1234
The Expedition of Banu Qurayzah in the Year Five
غَزْوَةُ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ لَمَّا نَزَلَ الْأَحْزَابُ حَوْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ أَغْلَقَتْ بَنُو قُرَيْظَةَ حِصْنَهُمْ، وَكَانَ كَبِيرُهُمْ كَعْبُ بْنُ أَسَدٍ الْقُرَظِيُّ وَهُوَ صَاحِبُ عَقْدِهِمْ وَعَهْدِهِمْ، وَكَانُوا قَدْ عَاهَدُوا الرَّسُولَ ﷺ عَلَى النُّصْرَةِ، فَجَاءَهُ حُيَيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ النَّضْرِيُّ، فَمَا زَالَ يُكَلِّمُهُ وَيُمَنِّيهِ وَيُوعِدُهُ حَتَّى نَقَضَ عَهْدَهُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَلَمَّا نَمَى الْخَبَرُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَرْسَلَ سَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ وَسَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ وَابْنَ رَوَاحَةَ وَخَوَّاتُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ لِلتَّأَكُّدِ مِمَّا بَلَغَهُ ﷺ فَلَمَّا تَأَكَّدَ الْخَبَرُ اشْتَدَّ الْبَلَاءُ وَزَادَتِ الْمِحْنَةُ وَخَشِيَ النَّاسُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ فِي خِضَمِّ ذَلِكَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "أَبْشِرُوا بِفَتْحِ اللَّهِ وَنَصْرِهِ". فَلَمَّا هُزِمَتِ الْأَحْزَابُ وَرُدَّتْ عَادِيَتُهَا وَعَادَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَى بَيْتِهِ جَاءَهُ جِبْرِيلُ يَأْمُرُهُ بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، فَخَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي ثَلَاثَةِ آلَافٍ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ ابْنَ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ، وَأَمَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ بِالْخُرُوجِ إِلَى بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ وَقَالَ ﷺ: لَا يُصَلِّيَنَّ أَحَدٌ الْعَصْرَ إِلَّا بِبَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَهُمْ جِبْرِيلُ يُزَلْزِلُ حُصُونَهُمْ وَيَقْذِفُ الرُّعْبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ. فَحَاصَرَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ حَتَّى أَيْقَنُوا بِالْهَلَكَةِ فَرَاسَلُوهُ وَأَرَادُوا الصُّلْحَ فَأَبَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَيْهِمْ وَنَزَلُوا عَلَى حُكْمِهِ، فَرَدَّ الْحُكْمَ إِلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ، فَقَالَ: فَإِنِّي أَحْكُمُ فِيهِمْ أَنْ تُقْتَلَ الْمُقَاتِلَةُ وَأَنْ تُسْبَى النِّسَاءُ وَالذُّرِّيَّةُ، وَأَنْ تُقَسَّمَ أَمْوَالُهُمْ. وَكَانَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ قَدْ رُمِيَ بِسَهْمٍ فَقَطَعَ مِنْهُ الْأَكْحَلَ فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ: "اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ كُنْتَ أَبْقَيْتَ مِنْ حَرْبِ قُرَيْشٍ شَيْئًا فَأَبْقِنِي لَهَا، فَإِنَّهُ لَا قَوْمَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ أُجَاهِدَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ آذَوْا رَسُولَكَ وَكَذَّبُوهُ وَأَخْرَجُوهُ، اللَّهُمَّ وَإِنْ كُنْتَ وَضَعْتَ الْحَرْبَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ فَاجْعَلْهَا لِي شَهَادَةً، وَلَا تُمِتْنِي حَتَّى تُقِرَّ عَيْنِي مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ". وَقَدِ اسْتَجَابَ اللَّهُ دَعْوَةَ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ ؓ فِي بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، وَأَقَرَّ اللَّهُ عَيْنَهُ; فَحَكَمَ فِيهِمْ، وَجَعَلَهُمُ الَّذِينَ يَطْلُبُونَ ذَلِكَ، فَحَكَمَ بِقَتْلِ مُقَاتَلَتِهِمْ وَسَبْيِ ذَرَارِيِّهِمْ حَتَّى قَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "لَقَدْ حَكَمَتْ فِيهِمْ بِحُكْمِ اللَّهِ مِنْ فَوْقِ سَبْعَةِ أَرْقِعَةٍ" وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُمْ نَقَضُوا الْعَهْدَ وَخَانُوا وَدَلُّوا عَلَى عَوْرَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَحَفَرَ لَهُمْ بِسُوقِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَضُرِبَتْ أَعْنَاقُهُمْ وَسُبِيَتْ ذَرَارِيُّهُمْ وَقُسِّمَتْ أَمْوَالُهُمْ، وَلَمْ تُقْتَلْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا امْرَأَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ كَانَتْ قَدْ قَتَلَتْ خَلَّادَ بْنَ سُوَيْدٍ ؓ، وَأَسْلَمَ يَوْمَئِذٍ نَفَرٌ مِنْ بَنِي هَدْلٍ، وَاصْطَفَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِنَ السَّبْيِ رَيْحَانَةَ مَوْلَاتَهُ وَقَدْ أَسْلَمَتْ فَكَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا ﷺ. وَتُوُفِّيَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ؓ وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ شَيَّعَتْهُ وَاهْتَزَّ لِمَوْتِهِ عَرْشُ الرَّحْمَنِ.
Translation
✧ The Expedition of Banū Qurayẓah When the confederates encamped around Madinah, Banū Qurayẓah shut their fortress, and their chief was Kaʿb b. Asad al-Quraẓī, who held their pact and covenant; they had covenanted with the Messenger ﷺ for support. Then Ḥuyayy b. Akhṭab al-Naḍrī came to him and kept speaking to him, giving him hopes and threatening him, until he broke his covenant with the Prophet ﷺ. When the news reached the Prophet ﷺ, he sent Saʿd b. Muʿādh, Saʿd b. ʿUbādah, Ibn Rawāḥah, and Khawwāt b. Jubayr to verify what had reached him ﷺ. When the report was confirmed, affliction grew intense and trial increased, and the people feared, yet in the midst of that the Prophet ﷺ said: “Rejoice at Allah's conquest and His help.” When the confederates were routed and their aggression turned back, and the Prophet ﷺ returned to his home, Jibrīl came to him commanding him by Allah's command to go to Banū Qurayẓah. The Prophet ﷺ went out with three thousand, appointed Ibn Umm Maktūm over Madinah, and ordered his companions to march to Banū Qurayẓah, saying ﷺ: “Let none of you pray ʿaṣr except at Banū Qurayẓah.” Jibrīl had gone ahead of them, shaking their fortresses and casting terror into their hearts. The Prophet ﷺ besieged them until they were certain of destruction. They sent word to him and sought a settlement, but the Prophet ﷺ refused them, and they submitted to his judgment. He referred the judgment to Saʿd b. Muʿādh, who said: “I judge concerning them that the fighting men be killed, the women and children be taken captive, and their property be divided.” Saʿd b. Muʿādh had been struck by an arrow that severed his median vein, and Saʿd said: “O Allah, if You have kept anything of the war with Quraysh, keep me alive for it, for there is no people I would rather strive against than a people who harmed Your Messenger, called him a liar, and drove him out. O Allah, if You have laid down the war between us and them, make it a martyrdom for me, and do not let me die until You comfort my eye concerning Banū Qurayẓah.” Allah answered the supplication of Saʿd b. Muʿādh ؓ concerning Banū Qurayẓah, and Allah comforted his eye. He judged concerning them, making them the ones who sought that. He judged that their fighting men be killed and their offspring taken captive, until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: “You have judged concerning them with Allah's judgment from above seven heavens.” That was because they broke the covenant, betrayed, and pointed out the Muslims' weak spot. A trench was dug for them in the market of Madinah, their necks were struck, their offspring were taken captive, and their property was divided. No women were killed except one woman who had killed Khallād b. Suwayd ؓ. On that day a party of Banū Hadl accepted Islam, and the Prophet ﷺ chose from the captives Rayḥānah, his freedwoman; she accepted Islam and remained with him until he passed away leaving her behind ﷺ. After that Saʿd b. Muʿādh ؓ died, and the Prophet ﷺ reported that the angels escorted him and the Throne of the Most Merciful shook at his death.
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