Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1232
The Expedition of al-Khandaq (the Confederates)
[ مَا نَزَلَ فِي الْعَامِلِينَ فِي الْخَنْدَقِ مُؤْمِنِينَ وَمُنَافِقِينَ ] فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي أُولَئِكَ مِنْ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ: إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَإِذَا كَانُوا مَعَهُ عَلَى أَمْرٍ جَامِعٍ لَمْ يَذْهَبُوا حَتَّى يَسْتَأْذِنُوهُ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَكَ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ فَكإِذَا اسْتَأْذَنُوكَ لِبَعْضِ شَأْنِهِمْ فَأْذَنْ لِمَنْ شِئْتَ مِنْهُمْ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمُ اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِيمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحِسْبَةِ وَالرَّغْبَةِ فِي الْخَيْرِ، وَالطَّاعَةِ لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ ﷺ. ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى، يَعْنِي الْمُنَافِقِينَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَتَسَلَّلُونَ مِنْ الْعَمَلِ، وَيَذْهَبُونَ بِغَيْرِ إذْنٍ مِنْ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: لَا تَجْعَلُوا دُعَاءَ الرَّسُولِ بَيْنَكُمْ كَدُعَاءِ بَعْضِكُمْ بَعْضًا قَدْ يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ يَتَسَلَّلُونَ مِنْكُمْ لِوَاذًا فَلْيَحْذَرِ الَّذِينَ يُخَالِفُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنْ تُصِيبَهُمْ فِتْنَةٌ أَوْ يُصِيبَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ وَاسْتَأْذَنَ بَعْضُ بَنِي حَارِثَةَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الذِّهَابِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَقَالُوا: ( إِنَّ بُيُوتَنَا عَوْرَةٌ وَمَا هِيَ بِعَوْرَةٍ إِنْ يُرِيدُونَ إِلَّا فِرَارًا ) [ الْأَحْزَابِ: 13 ] قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَأَبْطَأَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعَنِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي عَمَلِهِمْ ذَلِكَ رِجَالٌ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ، وَجَعَلُوا يُوَرُّونَ بِالضَّعِيفِ مِنَ الْعَمَلِ، وَيَتَسَلَّلُونَ إِلَى أَهْلِيهِمْ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَا إِذْنٍ، وَجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِذَا نَابَتْهُ النَّائِبَةُ مِنَ الْحَاجَةِ الَّتِي لَا بُدَّ مِنْهَا يَذْكُرُ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَيَسْتَأْذِنُهُ فِي اللُّحُوقِ بِحَاجَتِهِ، فَيَأْذَنُ لَهُ، فَإِذَا قَضَى حَاجَتَهُ رَجَعَ إِلَى مَا كَانَ فِيهِ مِنْ عَمَلِهِ، رَغْبَةً فِي الْخَيْرِ، وَاحْتِسَابًا لَهُ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي أُولَئِكَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ: إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَإِذَا كَانُوا مَعَهُ عَلَى أَمْرٍ جَامِعٍ لَمْ يَذْهَبُوا حَتَّى يَسْتَأْذِنُوهُ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَكَ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ فَإِذَا اسْتَأْذَنُوكَ لِبَعْضِ شَأْنِهِمْ فَأْذَنْ لِمَنْ شِئْتَ مِنْهُمْ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمُ اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ [سُورَةُ النُّورِ 62]. وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى: قَدْ يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ يَتَسَلَّلُونَ مِنْكُمْ لِوَاذًا فَلْيَحْذَرِ الَّذِينَ يُخَالِفُونَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنْ تُصِيبَهُمْ فِتْنَةٌ أَوْ يُصِيبَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ أَلا إِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ قَدْ يَعْلَمُ مَا أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ وَيَوْمَ يُرْجَعُونَ إِلَيْهِ فَيُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا عَمِلُوا وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ [النُّورِ 63، 64].
Translation
✧ [What was revealed regarding those working on the Trench, believers and hypocrites] Then Allah, exalted is He, revealed concerning those believers: “Only those are believers who have believed in Allah and His Messenger, and when they are with him upon a collective matter, they do not depart until they ask his permission. Indeed, those who ask your permission are those who believe in Allah and His Messenger. So when they ask your permission for some of their affairs, then give permission to whom you will among them and ask Allah’s forgiveness for them. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” This verse was revealed concerning those Muslims who were people of earnestness and desire for good, and obedience to Allah and His Messenger ﷺ. Then He, exalted is He, said, meaning the hypocrites who used to slip away from the work and depart without permission from the Prophet ﷺ: “Do not make the calling of the Messenger among you as your calling of one another. Allah already knows those of you who slip away, seeking concealment. So let those who oppose his command beware that a trial may strike them or a painful punishment may strike them.” And some of Banū Ḥārithah asked permission of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to go to Madinah, and they said: “Indeed, our houses are exposed,” while they were not exposed. They intended only to flee. [al-Aḥzāb: 13] Ibn Isḥāq said: Some men among the hypocrites lagged behind the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the Muslims in that work of theirs. They made a pretense of weak effort, and they would slip away to their families without the knowledge of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ or his permission. A man among the Muslims, when some necessity befell him that he could not avoid, would mention that to the Prophet ﷺ and ask his permission to attend to his need, and he would give him permission. Then, when he had fulfilled his need, he would return to the work he had been doing, out of desire for good and seeking reward for it. So Allah, exalted is He, revealed concerning those believers: “Only those are believers who have believed in Allah and His Messenger, and when they are with him upon a collective matter, they do not depart until they ask his permission. Indeed, those who ask your permission are those who believe in Allah and His Messenger. So when they ask your permission for some of their affairs, then give permission to whom you will among them and ask Allah’s forgiveness for them. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” [Sūrat al-Nūr: 62] And Allah, glorified and exalted is He, revealed: “Allah already knows those of you who slip away, seeking concealment. So let those who oppose his command beware that a trial may strike them or a painful punishment may strike them. No, indeed, to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth. He already knows what you are upon, and on the day they are returned to Him He will inform them of what they did. And Allah is Knowing of all things.” [al-Nūr: 63, 64]
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