Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1216
The Expedition of al-Khandaq (the Confederates)
ذِكْرُ إِرَادَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُصَالَحَةَ غَطَفَانَ لَمَّا بَلَغَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَقْضَ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ الْعَهْدَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى عُيَيْنَةَ بْنِ حِصْنٍ وَالْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، وَهُمَا قَائِدَا غَطَفَانَ- وَأَسْلَمَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ- فَلَمَّا جَاءَا فِي عَشَرَةٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِمَا قَالَ لَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَرَأَيْتُمَا إِنْ جَعَلْتُ لَكُمَا ثُلُثَ تَمْرِ الْمَدِينَةِ أَتَرْجِعَانِ بِمَنْ مَعَكُمَا، وَتُخَذِّلَانِ بَيْنَ الْأَعْرَابِ ؟ » فَقَالَا: تُعْطِينَا نِصْفَ تَمْرِ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَأَبَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَزِيدَهُمَا عَلَى الثُّلُثِ، فَرَضِيَا بِذَلِكَ، فَأَحْضَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الصَّحِيفَةَ وَالدَّوَاةَ، وَأَحْضَرَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ فَأَعْطَاهُ الصَّحِيفَةَ، وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ الصُّلْحَ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَعَبَّادُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ قَائِمٌ عَلَى رَأْسِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مُقَنَّعٌ فِي الْحَدِيدِ ، فَأَقْبَلَ أُسَيْدُ بْنُ حُضَيْرٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَمَعَهُ الرُّمْحُ، وَلَا يَدْرِي بِمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَعُيَيْنَةُ بْنُ حِصْنٍ مَادٌّ رِجْلَيْهِ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَعَلِمَ مَا يُرِيدُونَ قَالَ: يَا عَيْنَ الْهِجْرِسِ اقْبِضْ رِجْلَيْكَ، أَتُمِدُّهُمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ؟ وَاللَّهِ لَوْلَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، لَأَنْفَذْتُ خُصْيَتَيْكَ بِالرُّمْحِ ! ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ كَانَ أَمْرًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَامْضِ لَهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ فَواللَّهِ لَا نُعْطِيهِمْ إِلَّا السَّيْفَ، مَتَى طَمِعُوا بِهَذَا مِنَّا ؟ فَسَكَتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَدَعَا سَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ، وَسَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ، فَاسْتَشَارَهُمَا فِي ذَلِكَ وَهُوَ مُتَّكِئٌ عَلَيْهِمَا، وَالْقَوْمُ جُلُوسٌ، فَتَكَلَّمَ بِكَلَامٍ يُخْفِيهِ، وَأَخْبَرَهُمَا الْخَبَرَ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ اسْتَشَارَهُمَا فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ كَانَ الْأَمْرُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَامْضِ لَهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ أَمْرًا لَمْ تُؤْمَرْ بِهِ وَلَكَ فِيهِ هَوًى فَامْضِ لَهُ سَمْعًا وَطَاعَةً، وَإِنْ كَانَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ الرَّأْيُ فَمَا لَهُمْ عِنْدَنَا إِلَّا السَّيْفُ. وَأَخَذَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ الْكِتَابَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ الْعَرَبَ قَدْ رَمَتْكُمْ عَنْ قَوْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، وَكَالَبُوكُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ جَانِبٍ. فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَكْسِرَ عَنْكُمْ مِنْ شَوْكَتِهِمْ إِلَى أَمْرٍ مَا»، فَقَالَ لَهُ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَدْ كُنَّا نَحْنُ وَهَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمُ عَلَى الشِّرْكِ بِاللَّهِ وَعِبَادَةِ الْأَوْثَانِ، لَا نَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى نَعْرِفُهُ، وَهُمْ لَا يَطْمَعُونَ أَنْ يَأْكُلُوا مِنْهَا تَمْرَةً وَاحِدَةً إِلَّا قِرًى أَوْ بَيْعًا، أَفَحِينَ أَكْرَمَنَا اللَّهَ تَعَالَى بِالْإِسْلَامِ، وَهَدَانَا لَهُ، وَأَعَزَّنَا بِكَ وَبِهِ، نُعْطِيهِمْ أَمْوَالَنَا ؟ ! مَا لَنَا بِهَذَا مِنْ حَاجَةٍ، وَاللَّهِ لَا نُعْطِيهِمْ إِلَّا السَّيْفَ، حَتَّى يَحْكُمَ اللَّهُ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَنْتَ وَذَاكَ. فَتَنَاوَلَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ الصَّحِيفَةَ فَمَحَا مَا فِيهَا مِنَ الْكِتَابِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: لِيُجْهِدُوا عَلَيْنَا. وَرَوَى الْبَزَّارَ وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ مُخْتَصَرًا قَالَ: [جَاءَ الْحَارِثُ] إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ نَاصِفْنَا تَمْرَ الْمَدِينَةِ وَإِلَّا مَلَأَتْهَا عَلَيْكَ خَيْلًا وَرِجَالًا، فَقَالَ حَتَّى أَسْتَأْمَرَ السُّعُودَ: سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ، وَسَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ، وَسَعْدَ بْنَ الرَّبِيعِ، وَسَعْدَ بْنَ خَيْثَمَةَ، وَسَعْدَ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، فَكَلَّمَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَقَالُوا: لَا، وَاللَّهِ مَا أَعْطَيْنَا الدَّنِيَّةَ فِي أَنْفُسِنَا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَكَيْفَ وَقَدْ جَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِالْإِسْلَامِ، فَرَجَعَ إِلَى الْحَارِثِ فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَقَالَ: غَدَرَتْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ intending to make peace with Ghaṭafān When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ learned of the Banū Qurayẓah’s breach of the treaty, he sent for ʿUyaynah b. Ḥiṣn and al-Ḥārith b. ʿAwf—the two commanders of Ghaṭafān, who later embraced Islam. When they came with ten men of their people, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to them: “Do you think that if I give you a third of the dates of Madinah, you will withdraw with those who are with you and forsake the Bedouins?” They said: “Give us half of the dates of Madinah.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ refused to give them more than a third, and they accepted that. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then brought the document and the inkwell, and he summoned ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān and gave him the document, intending to write the peace agreement between them, while ʿAbbād b. Bishr stood at the head of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, cloaked in iron armor. Then Usayd b. Ḥuḍayr approached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with his spear, not knowing what had been said. When he came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, ʿUyaynah b. Ḥiṣn was stretching his legs in front of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and when Usayd learned what they wanted, he said: “O eye of the hyrax, draw in your legs! Do you stretch them in front of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ? By Allah, were it not for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I would have run your testicles through with the spear!” Then he turned to me—the Messenger of Allah ﷺ—and said: “O Messenger of Allah, if this is a matter from heaven, then carry it out; but if it is otherwise, then by Allah we will give them nothing but the sword. When have they ever hoped for such a thing from us?” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ fell silent. Then he summoned Saʿd b. Muʿādh and Saʿd b. ʿUbādah and consulted them about that while leaning on them, and the people were sitting. He spoke in words he kept secret and told them the news. Ibn Isḥāq said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ consulted them about that, and they said: “O Messenger of Allah, if the matter is from heaven, then carry it out; if it is a matter you were not commanded in but you have an inclination for it, then carry it out in obedience and compliance; and if it is merely an opinion, then they will get from us nothing but the sword.” Saʿd b. Muʿādh took the document. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “I saw that the Arabs have shot at you from a single bow and have assailed you from every side. I wished to break some of their strength from you through some matter.” Saʿd b. Muʿādh said to him: “O Messenger of Allah, we and these people used to be upon polytheism toward Allah and worship of idols, not worshipping Allah the Exalted and not knowing Him, and they never expected to eat from it even a single date except as hospitality or by purchase. Now, when Allah the Exalted has honored us with Islam, guided us to it, and strengthened us through you and through it, shall we give them our wealth? We have no need of this. By Allah, we will give them nothing but the sword until Allah judges between us and them.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “You and that are in accord.” Then Saʿd b. Muʿādh took the document and erased what was written in it, and said: “Let them exert themselves against us.” Al-Bazzār and al-Ṭabarānī related something similar from Abū Hurayrah ؓ in abbreviated form. He said: “[Al-Ḥārith] came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: ‘O Muḥammad, give us half of the dates of Madinah, or I will fill it against you with horses and men.’ He said: ‘Until I consult the Saʿds: Saʿd b. ʿUbādah, Saʿd b. Muʿādh, Saʿd b. al-Rabīʿ, Saʿd b. Khaythamah, and Saʿd b. Masʿūd.’ The Messenger of Allah ﷺ spoke to them about that, and they said: ‘No, by Allah. We did not give humiliation concerning ourselves in the time of ignorance, so how now that Allah the Exalted has brought Islam?’ He returned to al-Ḥārith and informed him, and he said: ‘You have broken faith, O Muḥammad.’”
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