Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1172
The Expulsion of Banu al-Nadir in the Year Four
ذِكْرُ مَسِيرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى بَنِي النَّضِيرِ سَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ إِلَى بَنِي النَّضِيرِ . وَاسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ ابْنَ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ ، وَحَمَلْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قُبَّةً مِنْ خَشَبِ الْغَرَبِ، عَلَيْهَا مُسُوحٌ أَرْسَلَ بِهَا سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ ؓ، وَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْعَصْرَ بِفَضَاءِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابَهُ قَامُوا عَلَى جَدْرِ حُصُونِهِمْ، مَعَهُمُ النَّبْلُ وَالْحِجَارَةُ، وَاعْتَزَلَتْهُمْ بَنُو قُرَيْظَةَ، فَلَمْ يُعِينُوهُمْ بِسِلَاحٍ وَلَا رِجَالٍ، وَلَمْ يَقْرَبُوهُمْ، فَجَعَلَتْ بَنُو النَّضِيرِ يَرْمُونَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ بِالنَّبْلِ وَالْحِجَارَةِ. وَقَامَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَصْحَابُهُ، فَلَمَّا صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْعِشَاءَ رَجَعَ إِلَى بَيْتِهِ فِي عَشَرَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، عَلَيْهِ الدِّرْعُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى فَرَسٍ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَى الْعَسْكَرِ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَيُقَالُ: أَبُو بَكْرٍ، ؓ، وَبَاتَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يُحَاصِرُونَهُمْ وَيُكَبِّرُونَ حَتَّى أَصْبَحُوا ثُمَّ أَذَّنَ بِلَالٌ بِالْفَجْرِ، فَغَدَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا مَعَهُ فَصَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ فِي فَضَاءِ بَنِي خَطْمَةَ، وَأَمَرَ بِلَالًا فَضَرَبَ الْقُبَّةَ فِي مَوْضِعِ الْمَسْجِدِ الصَّغِيرِ الَّذِي بِفَضَاءِ بَنِي خَطْمَةَ ، فَدَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْقُبَّةَ. وَكَانَ رَجُلٌ مَنْ يَهُودَ يُقَالُ لَهُ: عَزُّوكُ، وَكَانَ أَعْسَرَ رَامِيًا، فَيَرْمِي فَتَبْلُغُ نَبْلُهُ قُبَّةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَأَمَرَ بِقُبَّتِهِ فَحُوِّلَتْ إِلَى مَسْجِدِ الْفَضِيخِ، فَتَبَاعَدَتْ مِنَ النَّبْلِ. وَأَمْسَوْا فَلَمْ يَقْرَبْهُمُ ابْنُ أُبَيٍّ، وَلَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ حُلَفَائِهِ، وَجَلَسَ فِي بَيْتِهِ، وَيَئِسَتْ بَنُو النَّضِيرِ مِنْ نَصْرِهِ، وَجَعَلَ سَلَّامُ بْنُ مِشْكَمٍ وَكِنَانَةُ بْنُ صُوَيْرَاءَ يَقُولَانِ لِحُيَيٍّ: أَيْنَ نَصْرُ ابْنِ أُبَيٍّ الَّذِي زَعَمْتَ ؟ قَالَ حُيَيٌّ: مَا أَصْنَعُ ؟ ! هِيَ مَلْحَمَةٌ كُتِبَتْ عَلَيْنَا. وَلَزِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِصَارَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا كَانَتْ لَيْلَةٌ مِنَ اللَّيَالِي فُقِدَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ قُرْبَ الْعِشَاءِ، فَقَالَ النَّاسُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مَا نَرَى عَلِيًّا ! قَالَ: «دُعُوهُ، فَإِنَّهُ فِي بَعْضِ شَأْنِكُمْ !» فَعَنْ قَلِيلٍ جَاءَ بِرَأْسِ عَزُّوكَ، وَقَدْ كَمَنَ لَهُ حِينَ خَرَجَ يَطْلُبُ غِرَّةً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَكَانَ شُجَاعًا رَامِيًا، فَشَدَّ عَلَيْهِ فَقَتَلَهُ، وَفَرَّ مَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ، وَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ أَبَا دُجَانَةَ وَسَهْلَ بْنَ حَنِيفٍ فِي عَشَرَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَأَدْرَكُوا الْيَهُودَ الَّذِينَ فَرُّوا مِنْ عَلِيٍّ، فَقَتَلُوهُمْ وَطُرِحَتْ رُؤُوسُهُمْ فِي بَعْضِ الْبِئَارِ. وَكَانَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ ؓ يَحْمِلُ التَّمْرَ إِلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ's march to Banu al-Nadir The Messenger of Allah ﷺ marched with his companions to Banu al-Nadir. He appointed Ibn Umm Maktum as his deputy over Madinah, and I carried with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ a tent of gharab wood, over which were haircloths, sent by Saʿd b. ʿUbadah ؓ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed the afternoon prayer in the open space of Banu al-Nadir. When they saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his companions, they stood on the walls of their fortresses, with them arrows and stones, and Banu Qurayzah withdrew from them and did not aid them with weapons or men, and did not approach them. Banu al-Nadir began shooting arrows and stones that day. The companions stood by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed the evening prayer, he returned to his tent with ten of his companions, wearing a coat of mail, and he was on horseback. He appointed ʿAli b. Abi Talib over the army—and it is said: Abu Bakr, ؓ. The Muslims spent the night besieging them and saying takbir until morning. Then Bilal called the dawn prayer, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went forth with his companions who were with him and prayed with the people in the open space of Banu Khatmah. He ordered Bilal, and he pitched the tent in the place of the small mosque that is in the open space of Banu Khatmah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered the tent. There was a man of the Jews called ʿAzzuk, and he was a left-handed archer. He would shoot and his arrows would reach the tent of the Prophet ﷺ, so he ordered his tent to be moved to the Mosque of al-Fadikh, and it became distant from the arrows. They spent the evening, and Ibn Ubayy did not approach them, nor did any of his allies. He sat in his house, and Banu al-Nadir despaired of his help. Sallam b. Mishkam and Kinanah b. Suwayraʾ began saying to Huyayy: Where is the help of Ibn Ubayy that you claimed? Huyayy said: What can I do? It is a battle that has been decreed against us. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ continued his siege of them. On one of the nights, ʿAli ؓ was missing near the evening prayer, and the people said: O Messenger of Allah, we do not see ʿAli! He said: "Leave him, for he is engaged in some matter of yours!" After a short while he came with the head of ʿAzzuk. He had lain in wait for him when he went out seeking an opportunity against the Muslims. He was a brave archer, so he attacked him and killed him, and those with him fled. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent with ʿAli Abu Dujanah and Sahl b. Hanif in a group of ten of his companions, and they overtook the Jews who had fled from ʿAli and killed them, and their heads were thrown into some of the wells. Saʿd b. ʿUbadah ؓ used to carry dates to the Muslims.
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