Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1171
The Expulsion of Banu al-Nadir in the Year Four
ذَكَرَ إِرْسَالَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ إِلَيْهِمْ بَعْدَ الْخُرُوجِ مِنْ أَرْضِهِمْ فَبَيْنَمَا هُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ إِذْ جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيِّ ابْنِ سَلُولَ: سُوَيْدٌ، وَدَاعِسٌ ، فَقَالَا: يَقُولُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ: لَا تَخْرُجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِكُمْ وَأَمْوَالِكُمْ، وَأَقِيمُوا فِي حُصُونِكُمْ، فَإِنَّ مَعِي أَلْفَيْنِ مِنْ قَوْمِي وَغَيْرِهِمْ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ، يَدْخُلُونَ مَعَكُمْ حِصْنَكُمْ، فَيَمُوتُونَ عَنْ آخِرِهِمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُوصَلَ إِلَيْكُمْ، وَتَمُدَّكُمْ قُرَيْظَةُ، فَإِنَّهُمْ لَنْ يَخْذُلُوكُمْ، وَيَمُدَّكُمْ حُلَفَاؤُكُمْ مِنْ غَطَفَانَ. وَأَرْسَلَ ابْنُ أُبَيٍّ إِلَى كَعْبِ بْنِ أَسَدٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ يُكَلِّمُهُ أَنْ يُمِدَّ أَصْحَابَهُ، فَقَالَ: لَا يَنْقُضُ رَجُلٌ وَاحِدٌ مِنَّا الْعَهْدَ. فَيَئِسَ ابْنُ أُبَيٍّ مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، وَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُلْحَمَ الْأَمْرُ فِيمَا بَيْنَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُرْسِلُ إِلَى حُيَيِّ بْنِ أَخْطَبَ، فَقَالَ حُيَيٌّ: أَنَا أُرْسِلُ إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ أُعْلِمُهُ أَنَّا لَا نَخْرُجُ مِنْ دَارِنَا وَأَمْوَالِنَا، فَلْيَصْنَعْ مَا بَدَا لَهُ. وَطَمِعَ حُيَيٌّ فِيمَا قَالَ ابْنُ أُبَيٍّ. فَقَالَ لَهُ سَلَّامُ بْنُ مِشْكَمٍ: «مَنَّتْكَ نَفْسُكَ وَاللَّهِ- يَا حُيَيُّ الْبَاطِلَ، وَلَوْلَا أَنْ يُسَفَّهَ رَأْيُكَ لَاعْتَزَلْتُكَ بِمَنْ أَطَاعَنِي مِنْ يَهُودَ، فَلَا تَفْعَلُ يَا حُيَيُّ، فَوَاللَّهِ إِنَّكَ لَتَعْلَمُ- وَنَعْلَمُ مَعَكَ- أَنَّهُ لَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ، وَأَنَّ صِفَتَهُ عِنْدَنَا، وَأَنَّا لَمْ نَتَّبِعْهُ وَحَسَدْنَاهُ، حَيْثُ خَرَجَتِ النُّبُوَّةُ مِنْ بَنِي هَارُونَ، فَتَعَالَ فَلْنَقْبَلْ مَا أَعْطَانَا مِنَ الْأَمْنِ وَنَخْرُجْ مِنْ بِلَادِهِ، وَقَدْ عَرَفْتَ أَنَّكَ خَالَفْتَنِي فِي الْغَدْرِ بِهِ، فَإِذَا كَانَ أَوَانُ الثَّمَرِ، جِئْنَا أَوْ جَاءَ أَحَدٌ مِنَّا إِلَى ثَمَرِهِ فَبَاعَ أَوْ صَنَعَ مَا بَدَا لَهُ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ إِلَيْنَا، فَكَأَنَّا لَا نَخْرُجُ مِنْ بِلَادِنَا إِذَا كَانَتْ أَمْوَالُنَا بِأَيْدِينَا إِنَّا إِنَّمَا شَرُفْنَا عَلَى قَوْمِنَا بِأَمْوَالِنَا وَفِعَالِنَا، فَإِذَا ذَهَبَتْ أَمْوَالُنَا مِنْ أَيْدِينَا كُنَّا كَغَيْرِنَا مِنَ الْيَهُودِ فِي الذِّلَّةِ وَالْإِعْدَامِ وَإِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا إِنْ سَارَ إِلَيْنَا فَحَاصَرَنَا فِي هَذِهِ الصَّيَاصِي يَوْمًا وَاحِدًا، ثُمَّ عَرَضْنَا عَلَيْهِ مَا أَرْسَلَ بِهِ إِلَيْنَا لَمْ يَقْبَلْهُ، وَأَبَى عَلَيْنَا». قَالَ حُيَيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ: «إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا لَا يَحْصُرُنَا إِلَّا إِنْ أَصَابَ مِنَّا نُهْزَةً، وَإِلَّا انْصَرَفَ، وَقَدْ وَعَدَنِي ابْنُ أُبَيٍّ مَا قَدْ رَأَيْتَ». قَالَ سَلَّامٌ: «لَيْسَ قَوْلُ ابْنِ أُبَيٍّ بِشَيْءٍ، إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ ابْنُ أُبَيٍّ أَنْ يُوَرِّطَكَ فِي الْهَلَكَةِ حَتَّى تُحَارِبَ مُحَمَّدًا، ثُمَّ يَجْلِسَ فِي بَيْتِهِ وَيَتْرُكَكَ، قَدْ أَرَادَ مِنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ أَسَدٍ النَّصْرَ وَأَبَى كَعْبٌ، وَقَالَ: لَا يَنْقَضُ هَذَا الْعَهْدَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ وَأَنَا حَيٌّ، وَإِلَّا فَابْنُ أُبَيٍّ قَدْ وَعَدَ حُلَفَاءَهُ مِنْ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ مِثْلَ مَا وَعَدَكَ حَتَّى حَارَبُوا وَنَقَضُوا الْعَهْدَ، وَحَصَرُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ فِي صَيَاصِيهِمْ، وَانْتَظَرُوا نَصْرَ ابْنِ أُبَيٍّ، فَجَلَسَ فِي بَيْتِهِ، وَسَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ مُحَمَّدٌ فَحَصَرَهُمْ، حَتَّى نَزَلُوا عَلَى حُكْمِهِ، فَابْنُ أُبَيٍّ لَا يَنْصُرُ حُلَفَاءَهُ، وَنَحْنُ لَمْ نَزَلْ نَضْرِبُهُ بِسُيُوفِنَا مَعَ الْأَوْسِ فِي حُرُوبِهِمْ كُلِّهَا، إِلَى أَنِ انْقَطَعَتْ حُرُوبُهُمْ، وَقَدِمَ مُحَمَّدٌ فَحَجَزَ بَيْنَهُمْ. وَابْنُ أُبَيٍّ لَا هُوَ عَلَى دِينِ يَهُودَ، وَلَا هُوَ عَلَى دِينِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَلَا هُوَ عَلَى دِينِ قَوْمِهِ، فَكَيْفَ تَقْبَلُ مِنْهُ قَوْلَهُ ؟ قَالَ حُيَيٌّ: «تَأْبَى نَفْسِي إِلَّا عَدَاوَةَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَإِلَّا قِتَالَهُ». قَالَ سَلَّامٌ: «فَهُوَ وَاللَّهِ جَلَاؤُنَا مِنْ أَرْضِنَا، وَذَهَابُ أَمْوَالِنَا وَشَرَفِنَا، وَسَبْيُ ذَرَارِيِّنَا، مَعَ قَتْلِ مُقَاتِلَتِنَا» فَأَبَى حُيَيٌّ إِلَّا مُحَارَبَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. فَقَالَ لَهُ سَامُوكُ- بِالْكَافِ- ابْنُ أَبِي الْحَقِيقِ- بِحَاءٍ مُهْمَلَةٍ مَضْمُومَةٍ فَقَافٍ مَفْتُوحَةٍ فَتَحْتِيَّةٍ سَاكِنَةٍ ثُمَّ قَافٍ أُخْرَى- وَكَانَ سَامُوكٌ ضَعِيفًا عِنْدَهُمْ فِي عَقْلِهِ، كَانَتْ بِهِ جِنَّةٌ: «يَا حُيَيُّ أَنْتَ رَجُلٌ مَشْؤُومٌ، تَهْلِكُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ »، فَغَضِبَ حُيَيٌّ وَقَالَ: كُلُّ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ قَدْ كَلَّمَنِي حَتَّى هَذَا الْمَجْنُونُ، فَضَرَبَهُ إِخْوَتُهُ، وَقَالُوا لِحُيَيٍّ: أَمْرُنَا لِأَمْرِكَ تَبَعٌ، لَنْ نُخَالِفَكَ. فَأَرْسَلَ حُيَيٌّ أَخَاهُ جُدَيَّ- بِضَمِّ الْجِيمِ وَفَتْحِ الدَّالِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ وَتَشْدِيدِ التَّحْتِيَّةِ- ابْنَ أَخْطَبَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ لَهُ: إِنَّا لَا نَبْرَحُ مِنْ دِيَارِنَا وَأَمْوَالِنَا، فَاصْنَعْ مَا أَنْتِ صَانِعٌ. وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ ابْنَ أُبَيٍّ فَيُخْبِرَهُ بِرِسَالَتِهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَيَأْمُرَهُ أَنْ يَتَعَجَّلَ مَا وَعَدَ مِنَ النَّصْرِ. فَذَهَبَ جُدَيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالَّذِي أَرْسَلَهُ حُيَيٌّ، فَجَاءَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ بَيْنَ أَصْحَابِهِ فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَأَظْهَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ التَّكْبِيرَ، وَكَبَّرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ لِتَكْبِيرِهِ، وَقَالَ: حَارَبَتْ يَهُودُ. وَخَرَجَ جُدَيٌّ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى ابْنِ أُبَيٍّ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي بَيْتِهِ، وَمَعَهُ نَفَرٌ مِنْ حُلَفَائِهِ، وَقَدْ نَادَى مُنَادِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالْمَسِيرِ إِلَى بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، فَدَخَلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ عَلَى أَبِيهِ وَعَلَى النَّفَرِ الَّذِينَ مَعَهُ، وَعِنْدَهُ جُدَيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ، فَلَبِسَ دِرْعَهُ، وَأَخَذَ سَيْفَهُ وَخَرَجَ يَعْدُو. قَالَ جُدَيٌّ: لَمَّا رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ أُبَيٍّ جَالِسًا فِي نَاحِيَةِ الْبَيْتِ، وَابْنَهُ عَلَيْهِ السِّلَاحُ، يَئِسْتُ مِنْهُ وَمِنْ نَصْرِهِ، فَخَرَجْتُ أَعْدُو إِلَى حُيَيٍّ، فَقَالَ: مَا وَرَاءَكَ ؟ قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ الشَّرُّ، سَاعَةَ أَخْبَرْتَ مُحَمَّدًا بِمَا أُرْسِلْتَ بِهِ إِلَيْهِ أَظْهَرَ التَّكْبِيرَ وَقَالَ: حَارَبَتْ يَهُودُ، قَالَ: وَجِئْتَ ابْنَ أُبَيٍّ فَأَخْبَرْتَهُ، وَنَادَى مُنَادِي مُحَمَّدٍ بِالْمَسِيرِ إِلَى بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، فَقَالَ حُيَيٌّ: وَمَا رَدَّ عَلَيْكَ ابْنُ أُبَيٍّ ؟ قَالَ جُدَيٌّ: لَمْ أَرَ عِنْدَهُ خَيْرًا، قَالَ: أَنَا أُرْسِلُ إِلَى حُلَفَائِي مِنْ غَطَفَانَ. فَيَدْخُلُونَ مَعَكُمْ.
Translation
✧ Mention of ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy's sending to them after they had gone out from their land While they were in that state, the two messengers of ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy b. Salūl came to them: Suwayd and Dāʿis. They said: ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy says: Do not leave your homes and your properties, and stay in your fortresses, for with me are two thousand of my people and others from the Arabs who will enter your fortress with you and will die to the last of them before anything reaches you. Qurayẓah will reinforce you, for they will not fail you, and your allies from Ghaṭafān will reinforce you. Ibn Ubayy sent to Kaʿb b. Asad al-Quraẓī to speak with him, asking him to reinforce his companions, but he said: Not one man among us will break the pact. So Ibn Ubayy despaired of Banū Qurayẓah and wanted to entangle the matter between Banū al-Naḍīr and the Messenger of God ﷺ. He kept sending to Ḥuyayy b. Akhṭab, and Ḥuyayy said: I will send to Muḥammad to inform him that we will not leave our homes and properties, so let him do whatever seems good to him. Ḥuyayy was encouraged by what Ibn Ubayy had said. Sallām b. Mishkam said to him: “Your soul has made false hopes, by God, O Ḥuyayy. Were it not that your judgment would be deemed foolish, I would withdraw from you with those of the Jews who obey me. Do not do it, O Ḥuyayy, for by God you know—and we know with you—that he is the Messenger of God, and that his description is with us. We did not follow him because we envied him when prophethood departed from the Banū Hārūn. Come, let us accept the security he has given us and depart from his land. You know that you opposed me concerning treachery toward him. When the time of fruit comes, we, or one of us, will go to its fruit and sell it or do whatever seems good, then return to us. It is as though we do not leave our land as long as our properties remain in our hands. We attained honor over our people only through our wealth and our deeds, and if our wealth leaves our hands, we will be like the rest of the Jews in humiliation and destitution. If Muḥammad marches against us and besieges us in these strongholds for a single day, and then we offer him what he sent to us about, he will not accept it and will refuse us.” Ḥuyayy b. Akhṭab said: “Muḥammad will not besiege us unless he finds some opportunity against us, otherwise he will withdraw. Ibn Ubayy has promised me what you have seen.” Sallām said: “Ibn Ubayy's word is worth nothing. Ibn Ubayy only wants to drag you into destruction until you fight Muḥammad, then he will sit in his house and abandon you. He sought help from Kaʿb b. Asad, but Kaʿb refused and said: No man of Banū Qurayẓah will break this pact while I am alive. As for Ibn Ubayy, he promised his allies of Banū Qaynuqāʿ the like of what he promised you, until they fought and broke the pact, shut themselves up in their strongholds, and awaited Ibn Ubayy's help, but he sat in his house. Muḥammad marched against them and besieged them until they submitted to his judgment. Ibn Ubayy does not help his allies. We kept striking with our swords alongside the Aws in all their wars until their wars ended, and Muḥammad came and separated them. Ibn Ubayy is neither on the religion of the Jews, nor on the religion of Muḥammad, nor on the religion of his own people, so how can you accept his word?” Ḥuyayy said: “My soul refuses anything but enmity toward Muḥammad and fighting him.” Sallām said: “Then it is, by God, our expulsion from our land, the loss of our wealth and our honor, and the captivity of our offspring, along with the killing of our fighting men.” But Ḥuyayy insisted on nothing but war against the Messenger of God ﷺ. Sāmūk—with kāf—b. Abī al-Ḥaqīq—with undotted ḥāʾ bearing ḍammah, then qāf with fatḥah, then undotted yāʾ with sukūn, then another qāf—and Sāmūk was considered weak in mind among them, possessed by madness, said to him: “O Ḥuyayy, you are an unlucky man; you will destroy Banū al-Naḍīr.” Ḥuyayy became angry and said: All of Banū al-Naḍīr have spoken to me, even this madman. His brothers struck him and said to Ḥuyayy: Our affair follows your affair; we will not oppose you. Ḥuyayy sent his brother Judayy—with ḍammah on the jīm, fatḥah on the undotted dāl, and doubled undotted yāʾ—b. Akhṭab to the Messenger of God ﷺ to say to him: We will not depart from our homes and properties, so do what you will do. He ordered him to go to Ibn Ubayy and inform him of his message to the Messenger of God ﷺ and to urge him to hasten the help he promised. Judayy b. Akhṭab went to the Messenger of God ﷺ with what Ḥuyayy had sent him. He came to the Messenger of God ﷺ while he was sitting among his companions and informed him. The Messenger of God ﷺ pronounced the takbīr, and the Muslims pronounced the takbīr at his takbīr, and he said: The Jews have gone to war. Judayy went out until he entered upon Ibn Ubayy while he was sitting in his house, with a group of his allies with him. The caller of the Messenger of God ﷺ had called out ordering them to march against Banū al-Naḍīr. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy entered upon his father and upon the group with him, while Judayy b. Akhṭab was present. He put on his coat of mail, took his sword, and went out running. Judayy said: When I saw Ibn Ubayy sitting in the corner of the house, and his son fully armed, I despaired of him and of his help. I went out running to Ḥuyayy, and he said: What news have you brought? I said: Evil. The moment you informed Muḥammad of what you sent me with, he pronounced the takbīr and said: The Jews have gone to war. I went to Ibn Ubayy and informed him, and Muḥammad's caller called out to march against Banū al-Naḍīr. Ḥuyayy said: What did Ibn Ubayy reply to you? Judayy said: I saw no good with him. He said: I will send to my allies of Ghaṭafān, and they will enter with you.
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