Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1126
The Expedition of Uḥud
ذِكْرُ مَا جَاءَ فِي حُضُورِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَقِتَالِهِمْ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ رَوَى أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ وَالشَّيْخَانِ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ ؓ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ عَنْ يَمِينِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ رَجُلَيْنِ عَلَيْهِمَا ثِيَابٌ بِيضٌ يُقَاتِلَانِ عَنْهُ كَأَشَدِّ الْقِتَالِ، وَمَا رَأَيْتُهُمَا قَبْلُ وَلَا بَعْدُ، يَعْنِي جِبْرِيلَ وَمِيكَائِيلَ. وَرَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ. ثُمَّ رَوَى مُجَاهِدٌ، قَالَ: لَمْ تُقَاتِلِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ إِلَّا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ قَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: مُرَادُهُ لَمْ يُقَاتِلُوا يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ عَنِ الْقَوْمِ حِينَ عَصَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَمْ يَصْبِرُوا عَلَى مَا أَمَرَهُمْ بِهِ. رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ شُيُوخِهِ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: بَلَى إِنْ تَصْبِرُوا وَتَتَّقُوا الْآيَةِ لَمْ يَصْبِرُوا وَانْكَشَفُوا فَلَمْ يُمَدُّوا. وَرُوِيَ أَيْضًا عَنْهُمْ قَالُوا: قُتِلَ مُصْعَبُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ فَأَخَذَ اللِّوَاءَ مَلَكٌ فِي صُورَةِ مُصْعَبٍ، وَحَضَرَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَلَمْ تُقَاتِلْ . وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَلَقَدْ صَدَقَكُمُ اللَّهُ وَعْدَهُ [آلِ عِمْرَانَ 152 ] قَالَ: كَانَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وَعَدَهُمْ عَلَى الصَّبْرِ وَالتَّقْوَى أَنْ يَمُدَّهُمْ بِخَمْسَةِ آلَافٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مُسَوَّمِينَ، وَكَانَ قَدْ فَعَلَ، فَلَمَّا عَصَوْا أَمْرَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَتَرَكُوا مَصَافَّهُمْ، وَتَرَكَتِ الرُّمَاةُ عَهْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَلَّا يَبْرَحُوا مِنْ مَنَازِلِهِمْ، وَأَرَادُوا الدُّنْيَا، رَفَعَ عَنْهُمْ مَدَدَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ، وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَلَقَدْ صَدَقَكُمُ اللَّهُ وَعْدَهُ إِذْ تَحُسُّونَهُمْ بِإِذْنِهِ فَصَدَقَ اللَّهُ وَعْدَهُ وَأَرَاهُمُ الْفَتْحَ، فَلَمَّا عَصَوْا أَعْقَبَهُمُ الْبَلَاءَ.
Translation
✧ Mention of what has come regarding the presence of the angels and their fighting on the day of Uḥud Abū Dāwūd al-Ṭayālisī and the two Shaykhs narrated from Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ ؓ, who said: I saw on the right of the Messenger of God ﷺ and on his left, on the day of Uḥud, two men wearing white garments, fighting on his behalf in the fiercest fighting. I had not seen them before or after—meaning Jibrīl and Mīkāʾīl. Al-Bayhaqī also narrated it. Then Mujāhid narrated, saying: The angels did not fight except on the day of Badr. Al-Bayhaqī said: His meaning is that they did not fight on the day of Uḥud on behalf of the people when they disobeyed the Messenger of God ﷺ and did not persevere in what he commanded them. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar narrated from his shaykhs regarding His saying, Exalted be He: "Nay, if you are patient and fear God"—the verse: they were not patient and they were exposed, so they were not reinforced. It was also narrated from them, they said: Muṣʿab b. ʿUmayr was killed, and an angel in the form of Muṣʿab took the banner, and the angels were present that day but did not fight. Al-Bayhaqī narrated from ʿUrwah regarding His saying, Exalted be He: "And God did indeed fulfill His promise to you" [Āl ʿImrān 152]. He said: God, Exalted be He, had promised them, upon patience and piety, to reinforce them with five thousand angels, marked, and He had indeed done so. But when they disobeyed the command of the Messenger of God ﷺ, abandoned their ranks, and the archers abandoned the covenant of the Messenger of God ﷺ—that they should not leave their positions—and they desired the world, He withdrew from them the reinforcement of the angels. And God, Exalted be He, sent down: "And God did indeed fulfill His promise to you when you were destroying them by His permission," so God fulfilled His promise and showed them victory. But when they disobeyed, He turned affliction upon them.
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