Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1043
The Expedition of Banū Qaynuqāʿ
وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ وَادَعَ حِينَ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ يَهُودَهَا عَلَى أَنْ لَا يُعِينُوا عَلَيْهِ أَحَدًا، وَأَنَّهُ إِذَا دَهَمَهُ بِهَا عَدُوٌّ نَصَرُوهُ. فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ كَانَ بَنُو قَيْنُقَاعَ أَوَّلَ يَهُودٍ نَقَضُوا الْعَهْدَ ، وَأَظْهَرُوا الْبَغْيَ وَالْحَسَدَ، وَقَطَعُوا مَا كَانَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْعَهْدِ، فَجَمَعَهُمْ بِسُوقِ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ وَقَالَ: «يَا مَعْشَرَ يَهُودَ أَسْلِمُوا، فَوَاللَّهِ إِنَّكُمْ لَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، يَا مَعْشَرَ يَهُودَ احْذَرُوا مِنَ اللَّهِ مِثْلَ مَا نَزَلْ بِقُرَيْشٍ مِنَ النِّقْمَةِ فَأَسْلِمُوا، فَإِنَّكُمْ قَدْ عَرَفْتُمْ أَنِّي مُرْسَلٌ، تَجِدُونَ ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِكُمْ وَعَهْدِ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ » قَالُوا: يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّكَ تَرَى أَنَّا مِثْلُ قَوْمِكَ، لَا يَغُرَّنَّكَ أَنَّكَ لَقِيتَ قَوْمًا لَا عِلْمَ لَهُمْ بِالْحَرْبِ، فَأَصَبْتَ مِنْهُمْ فُرْصَةً، إِنَّا وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ حَارَبْتَنَا لَتَعْلَمَنَّ أَنَّا نَحْنُ النَّاسُ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: مَا أُنْزِلَتْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْآيَاتُ إِلَّا فِيهِمْ: قُلْ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا سَتُغْلَبُونَ وَتُحْشَرُونَ إِلَى جَهَنَّمَ وَبِئْسَ الْمِهَادُ قَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ آيَةٌ فِي فِئَتَيْنِ الْتَقَتَا فِئَةٌ تُقَاتِلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ [آلِ عِمْرَانَ 12، 13 ] أَيْ أَصْحَابُ بَدْرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأُخْرَى كَافِرَةٌ يَرَوْنَهُمْ مِثْلَيْهِمْ رَأْيَ الْعَيْنِ وَاللَّهُ يُؤَيِّدُ بِنَصْرِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ، إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَعِبْرَةً لأُولِي الأَبْصَارِ فَبَيْنَمَا هُمْ عَلَى مَا هُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ إِظْهَارِ الْعَدَاوَةِ وَنَبْذِ الْعَهْدِ قَدِمَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ بِجَلَبٍ لَهَا فَبَاعَتْ بِسُوقِ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ وَجَلَسَتْ إِلَى صَائِغٍ بِهَا لِحَلْيٍ، فَجَعَلُوا يُرِيدُونَهَا عَلَى كَشْفٍ وَجْهِهَا فَلَمْ تَفْعَلْ، فَعَمَدَ الصَّائِغُ إِلَى طَرَفٍ ثَوْبِهَا مِنْ وَرَائِهَا فَحَلَّهُ بِشَوْكَةٍ وَهِيَ لَا تَشْعُرُ، فَلَمَّا قَامَتْ بَدَتُ عَوْرَتُهَا فَضَحِكُوا مِنْهَا، فَصَاحَتْ، فَوَثَبَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى الصَّائِغِ فَقَتَلَهُ وَكَانَ يَهُودِيًّا. وَشَدَّتِ الْيَهُودُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِ فَقَتَلُوهُ، وَنَبَذُوا الْعَهْدَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَاسْتَصْرَخَ أَهْلُ الْمُسْلِمِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى الْيَهُودِ، وَغَضِبَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فَوَقَعَ الشَّرُّ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ. وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى: وَإِمَّا تَخَافَنَّ مِنْ قَوْمٍ خِيَانَةً فَانْبِذْ إِلَيْهِمْ عَلَى سَوَاءٍ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يُحِبُّ الْخَائِنِينَ [الْأَنْفَالِ 58 ] فَقَالَ ﷺ: «إِنَّمَا أَخَافُ مِنْ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ » فغزاهم رسول الله ﷺ.
Translation
✧ The Messenger of God ﷺ had, when he arrived in Madinah, made a pact with its Jews that they would not aid anyone against him, and that if an enemy attacked him there, they would support him. When the Day of Badr came, the Banū Qaynuqāʿ were the first Jews to break the covenant, and they displayed aggression and envy, and severed the pact that had been between them and the Messenger of God ﷺ. So he gathered them in the market of Banū Qaynuqāʿ and said: "O assembly of Jews, submit, for by God, you know that I am the Messenger of God ﷺ. O assembly of Jews, beware of God lest the like of the vengeance that befell Quraysh befall you. Submit, for you have known that I am sent; you find that in your Book and God's covenant to you." They said: "O Muhammad, you think that we are like your people. Do not be deceived that you met a people who have no knowledge of war and you seized an opportunity from them. By God, if you fight us, you will know that we are the people." Ibn ʿAbbās, in what Ibn Isḥāq narrated, said: These verses were only revealed concerning them: Say to those who disbelieve, "You will be overcome and gathered together to Hell, and wretched is the resting place." Already there was a sign for you in the two hosts that met: one host fighting in the cause of God [Āl ʿImrān 12–13], that is, the people of Badr among the companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ, and another disbelieving. They saw them as twice their number with their own eyes, and God supports with His victory whom He wills. Indeed in that is a lesson for those of insight. While they were in that state of showing enmity and casting off the covenant, an Arab woman came with her merchandise and sold it in the market of Banū Qaynuqāʿ and sat with a goldsmith there for some jewelry. They tried to make her uncover her face, but she refused. The goldsmith took the edge of her garment from behind her and tied it with a thorn while she was unaware. When she stood up, her private parts were exposed, and they laughed at her. She cried out, and a man from the Muslims leaped upon the goldsmith and killed him, and he was a Jew. Then the Jews attacked the Muslim man and killed him, and they cast off the covenant to the Prophet ﷺ. The family of the slain Muslim called upon the Muslims for help against the Jews, and the Muslims became angry, and evil broke out between them and Banū Qaynuqāʿ. And God, glorified and exalted be He, revealed: And if you fear treachery from a people, then throw back to them their covenant on equal terms. Indeed, God does not like the treacherous [al-Anfāl 58]. So he ﷺ said: "I only fear from Banū Qaynuqāʿ." Then the Messenger of God ﷺ raided them.
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