96. The affair of the portico of Banū Sāʿidah
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1650No grade recorded
أَمْرُ سَقِيفَةِ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ قَالَ [ تَفَرُّقُ الْكَلِمَةِ ] ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَلَمَّا قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ انْحَازَ هَذَا الْحَيُّ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ إلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ فِي سَقِيفَةِ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ، وَاعْتَزَلَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَالزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ وَطَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ فِي بَيْتِ فَاطِمَةَ، وَانْحَازَ بَقِيَّةُ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ إلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَانْحَازَ مَعَهُمْ أُسَيْدُ بْنُ حُضَيْرٍ، فِي بَنِي عَبْدِ الْأَشْهَلِ، فَأَتَى آتٍ إلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ، فَقَالَ: إنَّ هَذَا الْحَيَّ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ مَعَ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ فِي سَقِيفَةِ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ، قَدْ انْحَازُوا إلَيْهِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ لَكُمْ بِأَمْرِ النَّاسِ حَاجَةٌ فَأَدْرِكُوا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَفَاقَمَ أَمْرُهُمْ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَيْتِهِ لَمْ يُفْرَغْ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ قَدْ أَغْلَقَ دُونَهُ الْبَابَ أَهْلُهُ. قَالَ عُمَرُ: فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ: انْطَلِقْ بِنَا إلَى إخْوَانِنَا هَؤُلَاءِ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ، حَتَّى نَنْظُرَ مَا هُمْ عَلَيْهِ
✧ The affair of the Saqīfah of Banū Sāʿidah. He said [the division of the word]: Ibn Isḥāq said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was taken in death, this clan of the Anṣār withdrew to Saʿd b. ʿUbādah in the Saqīfah of Banū Sāʿidah, while ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib, al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām, and Ṭalḥah b. ʿUbayd Allāh stayed apart in the house of Fāṭimah, and the rest of the Muhājirūn withdrew to Abū Bakr, and with them withdrew Usayd b. Ḥuḍayr, among the Banū ʿAbd al-Ashhal. Then a comer came to Abū Bakr and ʿUmar and said: 'This clan of the Anṣār is with Saʿd b. ʿUbādah in the Saqīfah of Banū Sāʿidah; they have withdrawn to him. If you have any need of the affair of the people, then catch up before their affair worsens, while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is in his house whose affair has not yet been finished, his family having locked the door before him.' ʿUmar said: 'I said to Abū Bakr: "Set out with us to these brothers of ours from the Anṣār, so that we may see what they are upon."'
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1651No grade recorded
[ ابْنُ عَوْفٍ وَمَشُورَتُهُ عَلَى عُمَرَ بِشَأْنِ بَيْعَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ السَّقِيفَةِ حِينَ اجْتَمَعَتْ بِهَا الْأَنْصَارُ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِي، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ، قَالَ: وَكُنْتُ فِي مَنْزِلِهِ بِمنَى أَنْتَظِرُهُ، وَهُوَ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ فِي آخِرِ حِجَّةٍ حَجَّهَا عُمَرُ، قَالَ: فَرَجَعَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ مِنْ عِنْدِ عُمَرَ، فَوَجَدَنِي فِي مَنْزِلِهِ بِمنَى أَنْتَظِرُهُ، وَكُنْتُ أُقْرِئُهُ الْقُرْآنَ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، فَقَالَ لِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ: لَوْ رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا أَتَى أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، هَلْ لَكَ فِي فُلَانٍ يَقُولُ: وَاَللَّهِ لَوْ قَدْ مَاتَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ لَقَدْ بَايَعْتُ فُلَانًا، وَاَللَّهِ مَا كَانَتْ بَيْعَةَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ إلَّا فَلْتَةٌ فَتَمَّتْ. قَالَ: فَغَضِبَ عُمَرُ، فَقَالَ: إنِّي إنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَقَائِمٌ الْعَشِيَّةَ فِي النَّاسِ، فَمُحَذِّرُهُمْ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يَغْصِبُوهُمْ أَمْرَهُمْ، قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَا تَفْعَلْ، فَإِنَّ الْمَوْسِمَ يَجْمَعُ رِعَاعَ النَّاسِ وَغَوْغَاءَهُمْ، وَإِنَّهُمْ هُمْ الَّذِينَ يَغْلِبُونَ عَلَى قُرْبِكَ، حِينَ تَقُومُ فِي النَّاسِ، وَإِنِّي أَخْشَى أَنْ تَقُومَ فَتَقُولُ مَقَالَةً يَطِيرُ بِهَا أُولَئِكَ عَنْكَ كُلَّ مَطِيرٍ، وَلَا يَعُوهَا وَلَا يَضَعُوهَا عَلَى مَوَاضِعِهَا، فَأَمْهِلْ حَتَّى تَقْدَمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَإِنَّهَا دَارُ السُّنَّةِ، وَتَخْلُصُ بِأَهْلِ الثِّقَةِ وَأَشْرَافِ النَّاسِ فَتَقُولُ مَا قُلْتُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مُتَمَكِّنًا، فَيَعِيَ أَهْلُ الْفِقْهِ مَقَالَتَكَ، وَيَضَعُوهَا عَلَى مَوَاضِعِهَا، قَالَ: فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: أَمَا وَاَللَّهِ إنَّ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَأَقُومَنَّ بِذَلِكَ أَوَّلَ مَقَامٍ أَقُومُهُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ
✧ [Ibn ʿAwf and his counsel to ʿUmar regarding the pledge of allegiance to Abū Bakr] Ibn Isḥāq said: And regarding the story of the Saqīfah when the Anṣār gathered there, ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Bakr related to me from Ibn Shihāb al-Zuhrī, from ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUtbah b. Masʿūd, from ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās, who said: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf informed me. [Ibn ʿAbbās] said: I was in his dwelling in Minā waiting for him, while he was with ʿUmar during the last pilgrimage ʿUmar performed. He said: Then ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf returned from ʿUmar and found me in his dwelling in Minā waiting for him, and I was teaching him the Qurʾān. Ibn ʿAbbās said: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf said to me: “If only you had seen a man who came to the Commander of the Faithful and said: ‘O Commander of the Faithful, do you care about someone who says: By God, if ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb were to die, I would pledge allegiance to so-and-so. By God, the pledge of allegiance to Abū Bakr was only a sudden affair that was carried out.’” He said: Then ʿUmar became angry and said: “I, if God wills, will stand before the people this evening and warn them against these ones who want to seize their affair from them.” ʿAbd al-Raḥmān said: So I said: “O Commander of the Faithful, do not do that, for the season gathers the riffraff and rabble of the people, and they are the ones who will dominate when you stand before the people. I fear that you will stand and say a statement that those people will carry away from you in every direction, not understanding it nor putting it in its proper place. So wait until you arrive in Madinah, for it is the abode of the Sunnah, and you will be alone with the trustworthy people and the nobles of the people. Then you will say what you said in Madinah with firmness, and the people of understanding will comprehend your statement and put it in its proper place.” He said: Then ʿUmar said: “By God, if God wills, I will certainly stand for that in the first address I give in Madinah.”
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1652No grade recorded
[ خُطْبَةُ عُمَرَ عِنْدَ بَيْعَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ] قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فَقَدِمْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ فِي عَقِبِ ذِي الْحَجَّةِ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْجُمُعَةِ عَجَّلْتُ الرَّوَاحَ حِينَ زَالَتْ الشَّمْسُ، فَأَجِدُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ جَالِسًا إلَى رُكْنِ الْمِنْبَرِ فَجَلَسْتُ حَذْوَهُ تَمَسُّ رُكْبَتَيْ رُكْبَتَهُ، فَلَمْ أَنْشَبْ أَنْ خَرَجَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُهُ مُقْبِلًا، قُلْتُ لِسَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ: لَيَقُولُنَّ الْعَشِيَّةَ عَلَى هَذَا الْمِنْبَرِ مَقَالَةً لَمْ يَقُلْهَا مُنْذُ اسْتَخْلَفَ؛ قَالَ: فَأَنْكَرَ عَلَيَّ سَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ ذَلِكَ، وَقَالَ: مَا عَسَى أَنْ يَقُولَ مِمَّا لَمْ يَقُلْ قَبْلَهُ، فَجَلَسَ عُمَرُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، فَلَمَّا سَكَتَ الْمُؤَذِّنُونَ، قَامَ فَأَثْنَى عَلَى اللَّهِ بِمَا هُوَ أَهْلٌ لَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَإِنِّي قَائِلٌ لَكُمْ الْيَوْمَ مَقَالَةً قَدْ قُدِّرَ لِي أَنْ أَقُولَهَا، وَلَا أَدْرِي لَعَلَّهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ أَجَلِي، فَمَنْ عَقَلَهَا وَوَعَاهَا فَيَأْخُذَ بِهَا حَيْثُ انْتَهَتْ بِهِ رَاحِلَتُهُ، وَمَنْ خَشِيَ أَنْ لَا يَعِيَهَا فَلَا يَحِلُّ لِأَحَدِ أَنْ يَكْذِبَ عَلَيَّ؛ إنَّ اللَّهَ بَعَثَ مُحَمَّدًا، وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْكِتَابَ، فَكَانَ مِمَّا أَنَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ آيَةَ الرَّجْمِ، فَقَرَأْنَاهَا وَعُلِّمْنَاهَا وَوَعَيْنَاهَا، وَرَجَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَرَجَمْنَا بَعْدَهُ، فَأَخْشَى إنْ طَالَ بِالنَّاسِ زَمَانٌ أَنْ يَقُولَ قَائِلٌ: وَاَللَّهِ مَا نَجِدُ الرَّجْمَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، فَيَضِلُّوا بِتَرْكِ فَرِيضَةٍ أَنَزَلَهَا اللَّهُ وَإِنَّ الرَّجْمَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ عَلَى مَنْ زَنَى إذَا أُحْصِنَ مِنْ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ، وَإِذَا قَامَتْ الْبَيِّنَةُ، أَوْ كَانَ الْحَبْلُ أَوْ الِاعْتِرَافُ؛ ثُمَّ إنَّا قَدْ كُنَّا نَقْرَأُ فِيمَا نَقْرَأُ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ: لَا تَرْغَبُوا عَنْ آبَائِكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ كُفْرٌ بِكُمْ أَنْ تَرْغَبُوا عَنْ آبَائِكُمْ أَلَا إنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: لَا تُطْرُونِي كَمَا أُطْرِيَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ، وَقُولُوا: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ، ثُمَّ إنَّهُ قَدْ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ فُلَانًا قَالَ: وَاَللَّهِ لَوْ قَدْ مَاتَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ لَقَدْ بَايَعْتُ فُلَانًا، فَلَا يَغُرَّنَّ امْرَأً أَنْ يَقُولُ: إنَّ بَيْعَةَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ كَانَتْ فَلْتَةً فَتَمَّتْ، وَإِنَّهَا قَدْ كَانَتْ كَذَلِكَ إلَّا أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ وَقَى شَرَّهَا، وَلَيْسَ فِيكُمْ مَنْ تَنْقَطِعُ الْأَعْنَاقُ إلَيْهِ مِثْلَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَمَنْ بَايَعَ رَجُلًا عَنْ غَيْرِ مَشُورَةٍ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا بَيْعَةَ لَهُ هُوَ وَلَا الَّذِي بَايَعَهُ تَغِرَّةً أَنْ يَقْتُلَا، إنَّهُ كَانَ مِنْ خَبَرِنَا حِينَ تَوَفَّى اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ أَنَّ الْأَنْصَارَ خَالَفُونَا، فَاجْتَمَعُوا بِأَشْرَافِهِمْ فِي سَقِيفَةِ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ، وَتَخَلَّفَ عَنَّا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَالزَّبِيرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ وَمَنْ مَعَهُمَا، وَاجْتَمَعَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ إلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ: انْطَلِقْ بِنَا إلَى إخْوَانِنَا هَؤُلَاءِ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ، فَانْطَلَقْنَا نَؤُمُّهُمْ حَتَّى لَقِيَنَا مِنْهُمْ رَجُلَانِ صَالِحَانِ، فَذَكَرَا لَنَا مَا تَمَالَأَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَوْمُ، وَقَالَ: أَيْنَ تُرِيدُونَ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ ؟ قُلْنَا: نُرِيدُ إخْوَانَنَا هَؤُلَاءِ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ، قَالَا: فَلَا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ لَا تَقْرَبُوهُمْ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، اقْضُوا أَمْرَكُمْ. قَالَ: قُلْتُ: وَاَللَّهِ لَنَأْتِيَهُمْ. فَانْطَلَقْنَا حَتَّى أَتَيْنَاهُمْ فِي سَقِيفَةِ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ، فَإِذَا بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيْهِمْ رَجُلٌ مُزَمَّلٌ فَقُلْتُ: مَنْ هَذَا ؟ فَقَالُوا: سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، فَقُلْتُ: مَا لَهُ ؟ فَقَالُوا: وَجِعَ. فَلَمَّا جَلَسْنَا تَشَهَّدَ خَطِيبُهُمْ، فَأَثْنَى عَلَى اللَّهِ بِمَا هُوَ لَهُ أَهْلٌ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَنَحْنُ أَنْصَارُ اللَّهِ وَكَتِيبَةُ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَأَنْتُمْ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ رَهْطٌ مِنَّا، وَقَدْ دَفَّتْ دَافَّةٌ مِنْ قَوْمِكُمْ، قَالَ: وَإِذَا هُمْ يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يَحْتَازُونَا مِنْ أَصْلِنَا، وَيَغْصِبُونَا الْأَمْرَ، فَلَمَّا سَكَتَ أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَتَكَلَّمَ، وَقَدْ زَوَّرَتْ فِي نَفْسِي مَقَالَةٌ قَدْ أَعْجَبَتْنِي، أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُقَدِّمَهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَكُنْتُ أَدَارِي مِنْهُ بَعْضَ الْحَدِّ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: عَلَى رِسْلِكَ يَا عُمَرَ، فَكَرِهْتُ أَنْ أُغْضِبَهُ، فَتَكَلَّمَ، وَهُوَ كَانَ أَعْلَمَ مِنِّي وَأَوْقَرَ، فَوَاَللَّهِ مَا تَرَكَ مِنْ كَلِمَةٍ أَعْجَبَتْنِي مِنْ تَزْوِيرِي إلَّا قَالَهَا فِي بَدِيهَتِهِ، أَوْ مِثْلَهَا أَوْ أَفْضَلَ، حَتَّى سَكَتَ؛ قَالَ: أَمَّا مَا ذَكَرْتُمْ فِيكُمْ مِنْ خَيْرٍ، فَأَنْتُمْ لَهُ أَهْلٌ، وَلَنْ تَعْرِفَ الْعَرَبُ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ إلَّا لِهَذَا الْحَيِّ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، هُمْ أَوْسَطُ الْعَرَبِ نَسَبًا وَدَارًا، وَقَدْ رَضِيتُ لَكُمْ أَحَدَ هَذَيْنِ الرَّجُلَيْنِ، فَبَايِعُوا أَيَّهمَا شِئْتُمْ، وَأَخَذَ بِيَدَيْ وَبِيَدِ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ، وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ بَيْنَنَا، وَلَمْ أَكْرَهْ شَيْئًا مِمَّا قَالَهُ غَيْرُهَا، كَانَ وَاَللَّهِ أَنْ أُقَدَّمَ فَتُضْرَبُ عُنُقِي، لَا يُقَرِّبُنِي ذَلِكَ إلَى إثْمٍ، أَحَبُّ إلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَتَأَمَّرَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ فِيهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ. قَالَ قَائِلٌ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ: أَنَا جُذَيْلُهَا الْمُحَكَّكُ وَعُذَيْقُهَا الْمُرَجَّبُ، مِنَّا أَمِيرٌ وَمِنْكُمْ أَمِيرٌ يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ. قَالَ: فَكَثُرَ اللَّغَطُ، وَارْتَفَعَتْ الْأَصْوَاتُ، حَتَّى تَخَوَّفْتُ الِاخْتِلَافَ، فَقُلْتُ: اُبْسُطْ يَدَكَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، فَبَسَطَ يَدَهُ، فَبَايَعْتُهُ، ثُمَّ بَايَعَهُ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ، ثُمَّ بَايَعَهُ الْأَنْصَارُ، وَنَزَوْنَا عَلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ، فَقَالَ قَائِلٌ مِنْهُمْ: قَتَلْتُمْ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ. قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: قَتَلَ اللَّهُ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ
✧ Ibn ʿAbbās said: We arrived in Madinah at the end of Dhū al-Ḥijjah. When Friday came, I hastened to go out as soon as the sun declined, and I found Saʿīd b. Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl sitting by the corner of the pulpit. I sat down beside him, my knee touching his knee, and it was not long before ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb came out. When I saw him approaching, I said to Saʿīd b. Zayd, “This evening he will certainly say from this pulpit something he has not said since he became caliph.” He said: Saʿīd b. Zayd denied that and said, “What could he say that he has not said before?” Then ʿUmar sat on the pulpit, and when the muezzins fell silent, he stood up, praised God as He deserves, and then said: Now then, I am going to say to you today something that it has been decreed for me to say, and I do not know—perhaps it is before my appointed time. Whoever understands it and retains it, let him follow it wherever his mount brings him. And whoever fears that he will not retain it, it is not lawful for anyone to attribute a lie to me. God sent Muḥammad ﷺ and sent down the Book to him. Among what He sent down to him was the verse of stoning. We read it, learned it, and retained it. The Messenger of God ﷺ stoned and we stoned after him. I fear that if a long time passes over the people, someone will say, “By God, we do not find stoning in the Book of God,” and they will go astray by abandoning an obligation that God sent down. Stoning in the Book of God is a true duty upon the one who commits fornication when he or she is muḥṣan, among men and women, when clear proof is established, or there is pregnancy or confession. Then, among what we used to read from the Book of God was: Do not turn away from your fathers, for that is disbelief on your part—that you turn away from your fathers. Indeed, the Messenger of God ﷺ said: “Do not extol me as ʿĪsā b. Maryam was extolled. Say: Servant of God and His Messenger.” Then it has reached me that a certain man said, “By God, if ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb should die, I would certainly pledge allegiance to so-and-so.” Let no man be deceived by saying that the pledge of allegiance to Abū Bakr was a sudden affair and it was completed. It was indeed like that, except that God warded off its evil. There is none among you to whom necks would turn as they do to Abū Bakr. Whoever pledges allegiance to a man without consultation among the Muslims, neither he nor the one to whom he pledged allegiance has any pledge of allegiance—beware lest they be killed. It was part of our affair when God took His Prophet ﷺ that the Anṣār opposed us and gathered with their nobles in the Saqīfah of Banū Sāʿidah. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib and al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām and those with them stayed behind from us, while the Muhājirūn gathered around Abū Bakr. I said to Abū Bakr, “Come with us to these brothers of ours from the Anṣār.” So we went toward them until two righteous men from among them met us and told us what the people had agreed upon. They said, “Where are you heading, O company of Muhājirūn?” We said, “We are seeking these brothers of ours from the Anṣār.” They said, “You should not approach them, O company of Muhājirūn. Settle your affair.” He said: I said, “By God, we will go to them.” So we went until we came to them in the Saqīfah of Banū Sāʿidah, and there among them was a man wrapped up. I said, “Who is this?” They said, “Saʿd b. ʿUbādah.” I said, “What is wrong with him?” They said, “He is ill.” When we sat down, their speaker pronounced the testimony of faith, praised God as He deserves, and then said: Now then, we are the supporters of God and the battalion of Islam. You, O company of Muhājirūn, are a small group from us. A band of your people has come. He said: And they were intending to cut us off from our root and to seize the affair from us. When he fell silent, I wanted to speak, and I had composed in my mind a speech that pleased me, which I intended to deliver before Abū Bakr. I was holding back some of my sharpness toward him. But Abū Bakr said, “Gently, ʿUmar.” I disliked angering him, so he spoke. He was more knowledgeable and more dignified than I. By God, he did not leave out a single word that had pleased me in my composition but said it extemporaneously, or the like of it or better, until he fell silent. He said: As for the good you have mentioned about yourselves, you are worthy of it. But the Arabs will not recognize this affair except for this clan of Quraysh. They are the middle of the Arabs in lineage and abode. I am pleased for you with one of these two men. Pledge allegiance to whichever of them you wish. And he took hold of my hand and the hand of Abū ʿUbaydah b. al-Jarrāḥ, who was sitting between us. I did not dislike anything he said except that. By God, that I should be brought forward and have my neck struck, without that bringing me near to sin, was dearer to me than to rule over a people among whom was Abū Bakr. A man from the Anṣār said: “I am its little sturdy post that is rubbed and its little palm tree loaded with fruit. From us an amīr and from you an amīr, O Quraysh.” He said: Then clamor increased and voices rose, until I feared discord. I said, “Stretch out your hand, Abū Bakr.” He stretched out his hand, and I pledged allegiance to him. Then the Muhājirūn pledged allegiance to him, then the Anṣār pledged allegiance to him. And we leapt upon Saʿd b. ʿUbādah. One of them said, “You have killed Saʿd b. ʿUbādah.” He said: I said, “May God kill Saʿd b. ʿUbādah.”
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1653No grade recorded
[ تَعْرِيفٌ بِالرَّجُلَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ لَقِيَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ فِي طَرِيقِهِمَا إلَى السَّقِيفَةِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّ أَحَدَ الرَّجُلَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ لَقَوْا مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ حِينَ ذَهَبُوا إلَى السَّقِيفَةِ عُوَيْمُ بْنُ سَاعِدَةَ، وَالْآخَرُ مَعَنُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، أَخُو بَنِي الْعَجْلَانِ. فَأَمَّا عُوَيْمُ بْنُ سَاعِدَةَ، فَهُوَ الَّذِي بَلَغَنَا أَنَّهُ قِيلَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ الَّذِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَهُمْ: فِيهِ رِجَالٌ يُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَتَطَهَّرُوا وَاللَّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُطَّهِّرِينَ ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: نِعْمَ الْمَرْءُ مِنْهُمْ عُوَيْمُ بْنُ سَاعِدَةَ؛ وَأَمَّا مَعْنُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، فَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّ النَّاسَ بَكَوْا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ تَوَفَّاهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَقَالُوا: وَاَللَّهِ لَوَدِدْنَا أَنَّا مُتْنَا قَبْلَهُ، إنَّا نَخْشَى أَنْ نَفْتَتِنَ بَعْدَهُ. قَالَ مَعَنُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ: لَكِنِّي وَاَللَّهِ مَا أُحِبُّ أَنِّي مُتُّ قَبْلَهُ حَتَّى أُصَدِّقَهُ مَيِّتًا كَمَا صَدَّقْتُهُ حَيًّا؛ فَقُتِلَ مَعَنٌ يَوْمَ الْيَمَامَةِ شَهِيدًا فِي خِلَافَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، يَوْمَ مُسَيْلِمَةَ الْكَذَّابِ
✧ [Introduction concerning the two men whom Abū Bakr and ʿUmar met on their way to the Saqīfah] Ibn Isḥāq said: al-Zuhrī said: ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr reported to me that one of the two men of the Anṣār whom they met when they went to the Saqīfah was ʿUwaym b. Sāʿidah, and the other was Maʿn b. ʿAdī, the brother of the Banū al-ʿAjlān. As for ʿUwaym b. Sāʿidah, it is he about whom we have heard that it was said to the Messenger of God ﷺ: 'Who are those of whom God, Mighty and Majestic, said: In it are men who love to purify themselves, and God loves those who purify themselves?' The Messenger of God ﷺ said: 'An excellent man among them is ʿUwaym b. Sāʿidah.' As for Maʿn b. ʿAdī, we have heard that the people wept over the Messenger of God ﷺ when God, Mighty and Majestic, caused him to die, and they said: 'By God, we wish that we had died before him; we fear that we shall be tempted after him.' Maʿn b. ʿAdī said: 'But by God, I do not wish that I had died before him, so that I might affirm him dead as I affirmed him living.' Maʿn was killed on the day of al-Yamāmah as a martyr during the caliphate of Abū Bakr, on the day of Musaylimah the liar.
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1654No grade recorded
[ خُطْبَةُ عُمَرَ قَبْلَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ عِنْدَ الْبَيْعَةِ الْعَامَّةِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ: لَمَّا بُويِعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فِي السَّقِيفَةِ وَكَانَ الْغَدُ، جَلَسَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، فَقَامَ عُمَرُ، فَتَكَلَّمَ قَبْلَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ بِمَا هُوَ أَهْلُهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إنِّي كُنْتُ قُلْتُ لَكُمْ بِالْأَمْسِ مَقَالَةً مَا كَانَتْ مِمَّا وَجَدْتهَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، وَلَا كَانَتْ عَهْدًا عَهِدَ إلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَكِنِّي قَدْ كُنْتُ أَرَى أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَيُدَبِّرُ أَمَرْنَا؛ يَقُولُ: يَكُونُ آخِرُنَا وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَبْقَى فِيكُمْ كِتَابَهُ الَّذِي بِهِ هَدَى اللَّهُ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ، فَإِنْ اعْتَصَمْتُمْ بِهِ هَدَاكُمْ اللَّهُ لِمَا كَانَ هَدَاهُ لَهُ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ جَمَعَ أَمْرَكُمْ عَلَى خَيْرِكُمْ، صَاحِبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثَانِي اثْنَيْنِ إذْ هُمَا فِي الْغَارِ، فَقُومُوا فَبَايِعُوهُ، فَبَايَعَ النَّاسُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ بَيْعَةَ الْعَامَّةِ، بَعْدَ بَيْعَةِ السَّقِيفَةِ
✧ [ʿUmar's sermon before Abū Bakr at the general pledge of allegiance] Ibn Isḥāq said: al-Zuhrī narrated to me, saying: Anas b. Mālik narrated to me, saying: When Abū Bakr was given the pledge in the Saqīfah and the next day came, Abū Bakr sat on the pulpit, and ʿUmar stood up and spoke before Abū Bakr. He praised God and lauded Him as He is worthy, then said: O people, yesterday I said to you a statement that was not something I found in the Book of God, nor was it a covenant that the Messenger of God ﷺ had covenanted to me. But I had been of the view that the Messenger of God ﷺ would direct our affair—meaning, he would be the last of us. God has preserved among you His Book, by which God guided His Messenger ﷺ; if you hold fast to it, God will guide you as He guided him. God has gathered your affair upon the best of you, the Companion of the Messenger of God ﷺ, the second of the two when they were in the cave. So arise and pledge allegiance to him. Then the people pledged allegiance to Abū Bakr with the general pledge of allegiance, after the pledge of the Saqīfah.
Sirat Ibn Hisham 1655No grade recorded
[ خُطْبَةُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ] فَتَكَلَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ، وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ بِاَلَّذِي هُوَ أَهْلُهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، فَإِنِّي قَدْ وُلِّيتُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَلَسْتُ بِخَيْرِكُمْ، فَإِنْ أَحْسَنْتُ فَأَعِينُونِي؛ وَإِنْ أَسَأْتُ فَقَوِّمُونِي؛ الصَّدْقُ أَمَانَةٌ، وَالْكَذِبُ خِيَانَةٌ، وَالضَّعِيفُ فِيكُمْ قَوِيٌّ عِنْدِي حَتَّى أُرِيحَ عَلَيْهِ حَقَّهُ إنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، وَالْقَوِيُّ فِيكُمْ ضَعِيفٌ عِنْدِي حَتَّى آخُذَ الْحَقَّ مِنْهُ إنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، لَا يَدَعُ قَوْمٌ الْجِهَادَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ إلَّا ضَرَبَهُمْ اللَّهُ بِالذُّلِّ، وَلَا تَشِيعُ الْفَاحِشَةُ فِي قَوْمٍ قَطُّ إلَّا عَمَّهُمْ اللَّهُ بِالْبَلَاءِ؛ أَطِيعُونِي مَا أَطَعْتُ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ، فَإِذَا عَصَيْتُ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَلَا طَاعَةَ لِي عَلَيْكُمْ. قُومُوا إلَى صَلَاتِكُمْ يَرْحَمُكُمْ اللَّهُ قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي حُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: وَاَللَّهِ إنِّي لَأَمْشِي مَعَ عُمَرَ فِي خِلَافَتِهِ وَهُوَ عَامِدٌ إلَى حَاجَةٍ لَهُ، وَفِي يَدِهِ الدِّرَّةُ، وَمَا مَعَهُ غَيْرِي، قَالَ: وَهُوَ يُحَدِّثُ نَفْسَهُ، وَيَضْرِبُ وَحْشِيَّ قَدَمهُ بِدِرَّتِهِ. قَالَ: إذْ الْتَفَتَ إلَيَّ، فَقَالَ: يَا بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، هَلْ تَدْرِي مَا كَانَ حَمَلَنِي عَلَى مَقَالَتِي الَّتِي قُلْتُ حِينَ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: لَا أَدْرِي يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ؛ قَالَ: فَإِنَّهُ وَاَللَّهِ، إنْ كَانَ الَّذِي حَمَلَنِي عَلَى ذَلِكَ إلَّا أَنِّي كُنْتُ أَقْرَأُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: وَكَذَلِكَ جَعَلْنَاكُمْ أُمَّةً وَسَطًا لِتَكُونُوا شُهَدَاءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَيَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ عَلَيْكُمْ شَهِيدًا، فَوَاَللَّهِ إنْ كُنْتُ لَأَظُنُّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَيَبْقَى فِي أُمَّتِهِ حَتَّى يَشْهَدَ عَلَيْهَا بِآخِرِ أَعْمَالِهَا، فَإِنَّهُ لِلَّذِي حَمَلَنِي عَلَى أَنْ قُلْتُ مَا قُلْتُ
✧ [Abū Bakr’s Sermon] Abū Bakr spoke, praised God, and lauded Him as He deserves, then said: “Now then, O people, I have been put in authority over you, though I am not the best of you. If I do well, help me; and if I do ill, set me straight. Truthfulness is trustworthiness, and lying is treachery. The weak among you is strong in my sight until I restore to him his right, if God wills; and the strong among you is weak in my sight until I take from him the right, if God wills. No people refrain from striving in God’s path except that God strikes them with humiliation; and indecency never spreads among a people except that God overwhelms them with affliction. Obey me as long as I obey God and His Messenger; and if I disobey God and His Messenger, then you owe me no obedience. Rise to your prayer; may God have mercy on you.” Ibn Isḥāq said: Ḥusayn b. ʿAbd Allāh narrated to me, from ʿIkrimah, from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: By God, I was walking with ʿUmar during his caliphate while he was heading to attend to some need of his, with the whip in his hand and no one with him but me. Ibn ʿAbbās said: He was talking to himself and striking the side of his foot with his whip. Then he turned to me and said: “O Ibn ʿAbbās, do you know what impelled me to make the statement I made when the Messenger of God ﷺ died?” I said: “I do not know, O Commander of the Faithful; you know better.” He said: “By God, what impelled me to that was only that I used to recite this verse: ‘And thus We have made you a middle nation, that you may be witnesses over the people and the Messenger be a witness over you’ [Q 2:143]. By God, I used to think that the Messenger of God ﷺ would remain among his community until he bore witness over it for the last of its deeds. It was that which impelled me to say what I said.”