al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Bayhaqi) 20470
✧ It is not appropriate for the judge or the governor to take a dhimmi scribe
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( وَأَخْبَرَنَا ) أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ زَيْدُ بْنُ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ الْعَلَوِيُّ، وَأَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ النَّجَّارِ الْمُقْرِئُ بِالْكُوفَةِ، قَالَا: أَنْبَأَ أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ دُحَيْمٍ، ثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، ثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ أَسْبَاطٍ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ عِيَاضٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى - ؓ:
أَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَرْفَعَ إِلَيْهِ مَا أَخَذَ، وَمَا أَعْطَى فِي أَدِيمٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَكَانَ لِأَبِي مُوسَى كَاتِبٌ نَصْرَانِيٌّ يَرْفَعُ إِلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ، فَعَجِبَ عُمَرُ ؓ وَقَالَ: إِنَّ هَذَا لَحَافِظٌ، وَقَالَ: إِنَّ لَنَا كِتَابًا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، وَكَانَ جَاءَ مِنَ الشَّامِ، فَادْعُهُ، فَلْيَقْرَأْ، قَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى: إِنَّهُ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْمَسْجِدَ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ - ؓ: أَجُنُبٌ هُوَ ؟ قَالَ: لَا، بَلْ نَصْرَانِيٌّ. قَالَ: فَانْتَهَرَنِي، وَضَرَبَ فَخِذِي، وَقَالَ: أَخْرِجْهُ، وَقَرَأَ: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا تَتَّخِذُوا الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى أَوْلِيَاءَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ إِنَّ اللهَ لا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ قَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى: وَاللهِ مَا تَوَلَّيْتُهُ، إِنَّمَا كَانَ يَكْتُبُ. قَالَ: أَمَا وَجَدْتَ فِي أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ مَنْ يَكْتُبُ لَكَ ؟ لَا تُدْنِهِمْ إِذْ أَقْصَاهُمُ اللهُ، وَلَا تَأْمَنُهُمْ إِذْ خَانَهُمُ اللهُ، وَلَا تُعِزَّهُمْ بَعْدَ إِذْ أَذَلَّهُمُ اللهُ فَأَخْرَجَهُ
Translation
Chain of narrators
- Abū al-Qāsim Zayd b. Abū Hāshim al-ʿAlawī and ʾAbū al-Qāsim ʿAbd al-Wāḥid b. Muḥammad b. al-Najjār al-Muqriʾ Bi-al-Kūfah
- Anbaʾ Abū Jaʿfar b. Duḥaym
- Aḥmad b. Ḥāzim
- ʿAmr b. Ḥammād
- Asbāṭ
- Simāk
- ʿIyāḍ al-Ashʿarī
- Abū Mūsá
Machine translation, not reviewed
That ʿUmar ؓ ordered him to submit to him, on a single piece of leather, what he had taken in and what he had given out. Abū Mūsā had a Christian scribe who submitted that to him. ʿUmar ؓ was amazed and said: "This one is truly a good record-keeper." Then he said: "We have a letter in the mosque that came from Syria; call him and let him read it." Abū Mūsā said: "He cannot enter the mosque." ʿUmar ؓ said: "Is he in a state of major impurity?" He said: "No, rather he is a Christian." He said: So he rebuked me, struck my thigh, and said: "Remove him!" And he recited: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا تَتَّخِذُوا الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى أَوْلِيَاءَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ إِنَّ اللهَ لا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ} Abū Mūsā said: "By God, I did not take him as an ally; he only used to write." He said: "Could you not find among the people of Islam someone to write for you? Do not bring them near when God has kept them far, do not trust them when God has declared them traitors, and do not honor them after God has humiliated them." So he removed him.
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Narrators
- Commander of the Faithful (amīr al-muʾminīn), well-known, of abundant virtues (jamm al-manāqib)d. 23 AH, also said: 24 AHعُمَر بْن الْخَطَّابأمير المؤمنين مشهور جم المناقبعن
- Companion (ṣaḥābī)d. 60 AHعِيَاضٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّصحابيعن
- Truthful (ṣadūq); his narrations from ʿIkrimah in particular are inconsistent (muḍṭarib); he changed (taghayyara) towards the end of his life, and at times he would accept prompting (yulaqqan).d. 123 AHسِمَاكٍصدوق , وروايته عن عكرمة خاصة مضطربة , وقد تغير بأخرة ، فكان ربما يلقنعن
- truthful (ṣadūq), makes many mistakes, narrates odd reports (yughrib)d. between 161 and 170 AHأَسْبَاطٍصدوق كثير الخطأ يغربعن
- truthful (ṣadūq), accused of Rafḍd. 222 AH, or 220 AHعَمْرُو بْنُ حَمَّادٍصدوق رمي بالرفضحدثنا
- d. al-Dhahabī said: 276 AH, Ibn Ḥibbān said: the beginning of 297 AHأَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَازِمٍحدثنا
- أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ دُحَيْمٍأنبأ
- أبو القاسم عبد الواحد بن محمد بن النجار المقرئأخبرنا
- d. 458 AHالبيهقي
Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com
Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.