Musnad Abi Ya'la 2669
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وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ
فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ الرِّبَا لا يَقُومُونَ إِلا كَمَا يَقُومُ الَّذِي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ الْمَسِّ، قَالَ: يُعْرَفُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ بِذَلِكَ، لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ الْقِيَامَ إِلَّا كَمَا يَقُومُ الْمَجْنُونُ الْمُخَنَّقُ، ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا إِنَّمَا الْبَيْعُ مِثْلُ الرِّبَا وَكَذَبُوا عَلَى اللهِ، وَأَحَلَّ اللهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا فَمَنْ جَاءَهُ مَوْعِظَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِ فَانْتَهَى إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: وَمَنْ عَادَ فَأَكَلَ الرِّبَا فَأُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ، وَقَوْلُهُ: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللهَ وَذَرُوا مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الرِّبَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللهِ إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ، فَبَلَغَنَا وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ مِنْ ثَقِيفَ، وَفِي بَنِي الْمُغِيرَةِ مِنْ بَنِي مَخْزُومٍ، كَانَتْ بَنُو الْمُغِيرَةِ يُرْبُونَ لِثَقِيفَ، فَلَمَّا أَظْهَرَ اللهُ رَسُولَهُ عَلَى مَكَّةَ، وَضَعَ يَوْمَئِذٍ الرِّبَا كُلَّهُ، وَكَانَ أَهْلُ الطَّائِفِ قَدْ صَالَحُوا عَلَى أَنَّ لَهُمْ رِبَاهُمْ، وَمَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ رِبًا فَهُوَ مَوْضُوعٌ، وَكَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي آخِرِ صَحِيفَتِهِمْ: أَنَّ لَهُمْ مَا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَعَلَيْهِمْ مَا عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، أَنْ لَا يَأْكُلُوا الرِّبَا وَلَا يُؤَاكِلُوهُ، فَأَتَاهُمْ بَنُو عَمْرِو بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، وَبَنُو الْمُغِيرَةِ إِلَى عَتَّابِ بْنِ أَسِيدٍ - وَهُوَ عَلَى مَكَّةَ - فَقَالَ بَنُو الْمُغِيرَةِ: مَا جَعَلَنَا أَشْقَى النَّاسِ بِالرِّبَا ؟ وُضِعَ عَنِ النَّاسِ غَيْرِنَا، فَقَالَ بَنُو عَمْرِو بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ: صُولِحْنَا عَلَى أَنَّ لَنَا رِبَانَا، فَكَتَبَ عَتَّابُ بْنُ أَسِيدٍ فِي ذَلِكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، فَعَرَفَ بَنُو عَمْرٍو أَنَّ الْإِيذَانَ لَهُمْ بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ بِقَوْلِهِ: وَإِنْ تُبْتُمْ فَلَكُمْ رُءُوسُ أَمْوَالِكُمْ لا تَظْلِمُونَ وَلا تُظْلَمُونَ لا تَظْلِمُونَ فَتَأْخُذُونَ أَكْثَرَ، وَلا تُظْلَمُونَ فَتُبْخَسُونَ مِنْهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ ذُو عُسْرَةٍ أَنْ تَذَرُوهُ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ، فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلَى مَيْسَرَةٍ وَأَنْ تَصَدَّقُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللهِ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّى كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَا كَسَبَتْ وَهُمْ لا يُظْلَمُونَ فَذَكَرُوا أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ، وَآخِرُ آيَةٍ مِنْ سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ نَزَلَتَا آخِرَ الْقُرْآنِ
Translation
Chain of narrators
- Ibn ʿAbbās
✧ Regarding His saying, mighty and glorious: “Those who consume riba do not stand except as one stands whom Satan has confounded by touch” (Q 2:275). He said: “They will be recognized on the Day of Resurrection by that; they will be unable to stand except as a madman being choked stands. That is because they said, ‘Trade is only like riba,’ and they lied against God. God made trade lawful and forbade riba. So whoever receives an admonition from his Lord and desists —” up to His saying: “— but whoever returns and consumes riba, those are the companions of the Fire, abiding eternally therein” (Q 2:275). And His saying: “O you who believe, fear God and give up what remains of riba, if you are believers. And if you do not, then be informed of war from God” (Q 2:278-279) to the end of the verse. It has reached us, and God knows best, that this verse was revealed concerning the Banu 'Amr b. 'Umayr b. 'Awf of Thaqif and the Banu al-Mughira of the Banu Makhzum. The Banu al-Mughira used to engage in riba with Thaqif. When God granted His Messenger victory over Makkah, he abolished all riba on that day. The people of al-Ta'if had made a treaty on the condition that they would keep their riba, but whatever riba was owed to them was declared void. The Messenger of God ﷺ wrote at the end of their treaty document: ‘They have what the Muslims have, and they owe what the Muslims owe: they are not to consume riba or be fed with it.’ Then the Banu 'Amr b. 'Umayr and the Banu al-Mughira came to 'Attab b. Asid — who was governor of Makkah — and the Banu al-Mughira said: ‘Why has He made us the most wretched of people regarding riba? It was abolished for everyone except us.’ The Banu 'Amr b. 'Umayr said: ‘We made a treaty on the condition that we would keep our riba.’ So 'Attab b. Asid wrote about that to the Messenger of God ﷺ, and this verse was revealed: ‘And if you do not, then be informed of war from God and His Messenger’ (Q 2:279). The Banu 'Amr recognized that the declaration of war from God and His Messenger was directed at them by His saying: ‘And if you repent, then you may have your principal; you do not wrong and you are not wronged. You do not wrong by taking more, and you are not wronged by being cheated out of it. And if someone is in difficulty, then deferring it is better for you, if you only knew. Then deferment until a time of ease; and that you give charity is better for you, if you only knew. And fear a day in which you will be returned to God; then every soul will be paid in full what it earned, and they will not be wronged’ (Q 2:279-281). They mentioned that this verse was revealed, and the last verse of Surat al-Nisa', as the last part of the Qur'an.”
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