al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 4232
✧ Surah al-Baqarah
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وَبِهِ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ
فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ الرِّبَا لا يَقُومُونَ إِلا كَمَا يَقُومُ الَّذِي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ الْمَسِّ قَالَ: يُعْرَفُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ بِذَلِكَ، لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ الْقِيَامَ إِلَّا كَمَا يَقُومُ الْمُتَخَبِّطُ الْمُنْخَنِقُ، ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا إِنَّمَا الْبَيْعُ مِثْلُ الرِّبَا وَكَذَبُوا عَلَى اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَأَحَلَّ اللهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا إِلَى قَوْلِهِ فَمَنْ عَادَ، فَأَكَلَ الرِّبَا، فَأُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ وَقَوْلِهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللهَ وَذَرُوا مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الرِّبَا الْآيَةَ قَالَ: فَبَلَغَنَا وَاللهِ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ مِنْ ثَقِيفَ، وَبَنِي الْمُغِيرَةِ مِنْ بَنِي مَخْزُومٍ، وَكَانَ بَنُو الْمُغِيرَةِ يُرْبُونَ لِثَقِيفَ، فَلَمَّا أَظْهَرَ اللهُ تَعَالَى رَسُولَهُ ﷺ عَلَى مَكَّةَ، وَوَضَعَ يَوْمَئِذٍ الرِّبَا كُلَّهُ، وَكَانَ أَهْلُ الطَّائِفِ قَدْ صَالَحُوا عَلَى أَنَّ لَهُمْ رِبَاهُمْ، وَمَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ رِبًا فَهُوَ مَوْضُوعٌ، وَكَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي آخِرِ صَحِيفَتِهِمْ: أَنَّ لَهُمْ مَا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَعَلَيْهِمْ مَا عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، أَنْ لَا يَأْكُلُوا الرِّبَا وَلَا يُؤْكِلُوهُ، فَأَتَى بَنُو عَمْرِو بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ بَنِي الْمُغِيرَةِ إِلَى عَتَّابِ بْنِ أَسِيدٍ ؓ وَهُوَ عَلَى مَكَّةَ، فَقَالَ بَنُو الْمُغِيرَةِ: مَا جَعَلَنَا أَشْقَى النَّاسِ بِالرِّبَا، وُضِعَ عَنِ النَّاسِ غَيْرِنَا، فَقَالَ بَنُو عَمْرِو بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ: صُولِحْنَا عَلَى أَنَّ لَنَا رِبَانَا. فَكَتَبَ عَتَّابُ بْنُ أَسِيدٍ ؓ ذَلِكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَإِنْ تُبْتُمْ فَلَكُمْ رُءُوسُ أَمْوَالِكُمْ لا تَظْلِمُونَ وَلا تُظْلَمُونَ لَا تَظْلِمُونَ فَتَأْخُذُونَ أَكْثَرَ وَلَا تُظْلَمُونَ فَتُبْخَسُونَ مِنْهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ ذُو عُسْرَةٍ أَنْ تَذَرُوهُ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلَى مَيْسَرَةٍ وَأَنْ تَصَدَّقُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ وَاتَّقُوا يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى اللهِ ثُمَّ الْآيَةَ، فَذَكَرُوا أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ نَزَلَتْ آخِرَ الْقُرْآنِ
Translation
Chain of narrators
- Ibn ʿAbbās
✧ Regarding His saying, exalted is He, “Those who consume ribā do not stand except as one stands whom Satan has driven to madness by touch” [2:275], he said: “They will be recognized on the Day of Resurrection by that; they will not be able to stand except as stands the one driven to madness and choking. That is because they said, ‘Trade is only like ribā,’ and they lied against God, mighty and majestic is He, while God has permitted trade and forbidden ribā, up to His saying, ‘but whoever returns [to it]’ [2:275], so he consumed ribā; those are the companions of the Fire, they will abide therein eternally. And His saying, mighty and majestic is He, ‘O you who believe, fear God and give up what remains of ribā’ [2:278], the verse. He said: It has reached us, by God, that this verse was revealed concerning Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf of Thaqīf and Banū al-Mughīrah of Banū Makhzūm. Banū al-Mughīrah used to charge ribā to Thaqīf. When God, exalted is He, made His Messenger ﷺ victorious over Makkah and abolished all ribā that day, and the people of al-Ṭāʾif had made peace on condition that their ribā would remain theirs, and whatever ribā was owed to them was remitted, and the Messenger of God ﷺ wrote at the end of their treaty: ‘They have what the Muslims have, and they owe what the Muslims owe: they shall not consume ribā nor cause it to be consumed.’ Then Banū ʿAmr b. ʿUmayr came to Banū al-Mughīrah before ʿAttāb b. Asīd ؓ, who was governor of Makkah. Banū al-Mughīrah said: ‘He has not made us the most wretched of people regarding ribā? It has been remitted for all people except us.’ Banū ʿAmr b. ʿUmayr said: ‘We made peace on condition that our ribā would remain ours.’ So ʿAttāb b. Asīd ؓ wrote about that to the Messenger of God ﷺ, and this verse was revealed: ‘And if you do not, then be informed of war from God and His Messenger. But if you repent, you may have your principal, neither wronging nor being wronged’ [2:279] – you do not wrong by taking more, nor are you wronged by being deprived of it. ‘And if someone is in hardship, then deferral until ease. But to give charity is better for you, if you only knew’ [2:280]. And fear a day in which you will be returned to God, then the verse [2:281]. They mentioned that this verse was revealed from [the Surah of] Women [al-Nisāʾ]; it was the last of the Qurʾan to be revealed.”
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