Sunan Abi Dawud 4502
The Imam Enjoining A Pardon In The Case Of Bloodshed
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حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلٍ قَالَ
كُنَّا مَعَ عُثْمَانَ وَهُوَ مَحْصُورٌ فِي الدَّارِ وَكَانَ فِي الدَّارِ مَدْخَلٌ مَنْ دَخَلَهُ سَمِعَ كَلاَمَ مَنْ عَلَى الْبَلاَطِ فَدَخَلَهُ عُثْمَانُ فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْنَا وَهُوَ مُتَغَيِّرٌ لَوْنُهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُمْ لَيَتَوَاعَدُونَنِي بِالْقَتْلِ آنِفًا قُلْنَا يَكْفِيكَهُمُ اللَّهُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَالَ وَلِمَ يَقْتُلُونَنِي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ لاَ يَحِلُّ دَمُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ إِلاَّ بِإِحْدَى ثَلاَثٍ كُفْرٌ بَعْدَ إِسْلاَمٍ أَوْ زِنًا بَعْدَ إِحْصَانٍ أَوْ قَتْلُ نَفْسٍ بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا زَنَيْتُ فِي جَاهِلِيَّةٍ وَلاَ إِسْلاَمٍ قَطُّ وَلاَ أَحْبَبْتُ أَنَّ لِي بِدِينِي بَدَلاً مُنْذُ هَدَانِي اللَّهُ وَلاَ قَتَلْتُ نَفْسًا فَبِمَ يَقْتُلُونَنِي
Translation
Chain of narrators
- Sulaymān b. Ḥarb
- Ḥammād b. Zayd
- Yaḥyá b. Saʿīd
- Abū Umāmah b. Sahl
We were with Uthman when he was besieged in the house. There was an entrance to the house. He who entered it heard the speech of those who were in the Bilat. Uthman then entered it. He came out to us, looking pale. He said: They are threatening to kill me now. We said: Allah will be sufficient for you against them, Commander of the Faithful! He asked: Why kill me? I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: It is not lawful to kill a man who is a Muslim except for one of the three reasons: Kufr (disbelief) after accepting Islam, fornication after marriage, or wrongfully killing someone, for which he may be killed. I swear by Allah, I have not committed fornication before or after the coming of Islam, nor did I ever want another religion for me instead of my religion since Allah gave guidance to me, nor have I killed anyone. So for what reason do you want to kill me? Abu Dawud said: 'Uthman and Abu Bakr (Allah be pleased with them) abandoned drinking wine in pre-Islamic times.
Notes
قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ عُثْمَانُ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ تَرَكَا الْخَمْرَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ
Grades by grader
| al-Albani | Sound | fawazahmed0, hadithunlocked, sunnah.com |
|---|---|---|
| Muhammad Muhyi al-Din Abd al-Hamid | Sahih | fawazahmed0 |
| Shuayb al-Arnaut | Sound Chainin تخريج سنن أبي داود, p. 4502 | hadithunlocked |
| Zubair Ali Zai | Isnaad Sahih | fawazahmed0 |
What scholars said about it
In their own words, as Hadith Unlocked records them. They are shown, not summarised into a grade.
- Abū Ḥatim al-Rāzī
غلط ابن الطباع حديث عبد الله بن عامر غير مرفوع هو موقوف فإن حماد بن سلمة رواه عن يحيى بن سعيد عن أبي أمامة بن سهل عن عثمان موقوف قلت لأبي أيهما أشبه قال لا أعلم أحدا يتابع حماد بن زيد على رفعه قلت فالموقف عندك أشبه قال نعم
machine translationIbn al-Ṭabbāʿ made a mistake. The hadith of ʿAbdullāh b. ʿĀmir is not raised (marfūʿ); it is a statement of the Companion (mawqūf), for Ḥammād b. Salamah narrated it from Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd, from Abū Umāmah b. Sahl, from ʿUthmān, as a statement of the Companion (mawqūf). I said to my father: Which of them is more likely correct? He said: I do not know anyone who followed Ḥammād b. Zayd in attributing it to the Prophet. I said: So the mawqūf is more likely correct in your view? He said: Yes.
in سنن أبي داود, p. 4489 - Dāraquṭnī
رواه حماد بن زيد واختلف عنه فرواه محمد بن عيسى الطباع أبو جعفر عن حماد عن يحيى بن سعيد عن أبي أمامة بن سهل وعبد الله بن عامر بن ربيعة عن عثمان عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وغيره يرويه عن حماد عن يحيى عن أبي أمامة بن سهل وحده عن عثمان وحديث عبد الله بن عامر بن ربيعة هو حديث آخر موقوف على عثمان وهم محمد بن عيسى في الجمع بينه وبين أبي أمامة في هذا الحديث
machine translationḤammād b. Zayd narrated it, and there is disagreement about what was reported from him. Muḥammad b. ʿĪsā al-Ṭabbāʿ Abū Jaʿfar narrated it from Ḥammād, from Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd, from Abū Umāmah b. Sahl and ʿAbdullāh b. ʿĀmir b. Rabīʿah, from ʿUthmān, from the Prophet ﷺ. Others narrate it from Ḥammād, from Yaḥyā, from Abū Umāmah b. Sahl alone, from ʿUthmān. The hadith of ʿAbdullāh b. ʿĀmir b. Rabīʿah is a different hadith, a statement of ʿUthmān himself (mawqūf). Muḥammad b. ʿĪsā erred in combining it with Abū Umāmah in this hadith.
in سنن أبي داود, p. 4489 - ابن الملقن
هذا الحديث صحيح
machine translationThis hadith is authentic (ṣaḥīḥ).
in سنن أبي داود, p. 4489
Other narrations of this report
Sahih Muslim 2190bSunan an-Nasa'i 4019al-Mu'jam al-Awsat 2420al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Bayhaqi) 15943al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Bayhaqi) 16105al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Bayhaqi) 19779Musnad al-Bazzar 7402Musnad al-Tayalisi 72al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Nasa'i) 3469al-Mustadrak (al-Hakim) 4393
Narrators
- One of the foremost early Muslims (al-sābiqūn al-awwalūn), one of the Four Caliphs, and one of the ten given glad tidings of Paradise (al-ʿashara al-mubashshara)d. 35 AHعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَأحد السابقين الأولين والخلفاء الأربعة ، والعشرة المبشرةقال
- Counted among the Companions; he saw the Prophet ﷺ but did not hear from himd. 100 AHأَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلٍمعدود في الصحابة ، له رؤية ، ولم يسمع من النبي صلى الله عليه وسلمعن
- trustworthy, precise (thiqah thabt)d. 143 AH or 144 AH, also said 146 AHيَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍثقة ثبتعن
- Trustworthy (thiqah), firmly reliable (thabt), a jurist (faqīh).d. 177 AH, also said 179 AHحَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍثقة ثبت ، فقيه.نا
- Trustworthy (thiqah), an imam, a memorizer (ḥāfiẓ).d. 222 AH, 223 AH, or 224 AH, also said 227 AHسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍثقة إمام حافظحدثنا
- Trustworthy (thiqah), a memorizer (ḥāfiẓ), the compiler of the Sunan and other works, one of the senior scholars.d. 275 AHأَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّثقة ، حافظ , مصنف السنن وغيرها ، من كبار العلماء
Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com
Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.
Commentaries
شرح مشكل الآثار
ʿAwn al-Maʿbūd (Ashraf)
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