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العربية

Sunan Abi Dawud 4503

The Imam Enjoining A Pardon In The Case Of Bloodshed

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حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ فَحَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ زِيَادَ بْنَ ضُمَيْرَةَ الضَّمْرِيَّ ح وَحَدَّثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ بَيَانٍ وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ زِيَادَ بْنَ سَعْدِ بْنِ ضُمَيْرَةَ السُّلَمِيَّ وَهَذَا حَدِيثُ وَهْبٍ وَهُوَ أَتَمُّ يُحَدِّثُ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ مُوسَى وَجَدِّهِ وَكَانَا شَهِدَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حُنَيْنًا ثُمَّ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى حَدِيثِ وَهْبٍ

أَنَّ مُحَلِّمَ بْنَ جَثَّامَةَ اللَّيْثِيَّ قَتَلَ رَجُلاً مِنْ أَشْجَعَ فِي الإِسْلاَمِ وَذَلِكَ أَوَّلُ غِيَرٍ قَضَى بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتَكَلَّمَ عُيَيْنَةُ فِي قَتْلِ الأَشْجَعِيِّ لأَنَّهُ مِنْ غَطَفَانَ وَتَكَلَّمَ الأَقْرَعُ بْنُ حَابِسٍ دُونَ مُحَلِّمٍ لأَنَّهُ مِنْ خِنْدِفَ فَارْتَفَعَتِ الأَصْوَاتُ وَكَثُرَتِ الْخُصُومَةُ وَاللَّغَطُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَا عُيَيْنَةُ أَلاَ تَقْبَلُ الْغِيَرَ فَقَالَ عُيَيْنَةُ لاَ وَاللَّهِ حَتَّى أُدْخِلَ عَلَى نِسَائِهِ مِنَ الْحَرْبِ وَالْحَزَنِ مَا أَدْخَلَ عَلَى نِسَائِي قَالَ ثُمَّ ارْتَفَعَتِ الأَصْوَاتُ وَكَثُرَتِ الْخُصُومَةُ وَاللَّغَطُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَا عُيَيْنَةُ أَلاَ تَقْبَلُ الْغِيَرَ فَقَالَ عُيَيْنَةُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا إِلَى أَنْ قَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي لَيْثٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ مُكَيْتِلٌ عَلَيْهِ شِكَّةٌ وَفِي يَدِهِ دَرَقَةٌ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي لَمْ أَجِدْ لِمَا فَعَلَ هَذَا فِي غُرَّةِ الإِسْلاَمِ مَثَلاً إِلاَّ غَنَمًا وَرَدَتْ فَرُمِيَ أَوَّلُهَا فَنَفَرَ آخِرُهَا اسْنُنِ الْيَوْمَ وَغَيِّرْ غَدًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَمْسُونَ فِي فَوْرِنَا هَذَا وَخَمْسُونَ إِذَا رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَذَلِكَ فِي بَعْضِ أَسْفَارِهِ وَمُحَلِّمٌ رَجُلٌ طَوِيلٌ آدَمُ وَهُوَ فِي طَرَفِ النَّاسِ فَلَمْ يَزَالُوا حَتَّى تَخَلَّصَ فَجَلَسَ بَيْنَ يَدَىْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعَيْنَاهُ تَدْمَعَانِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي قَدْ فَعَلْتُ الَّذِي بَلَغَكَ وَإِنِّي أَتُوبُ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى فَاسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ ﷻ لِي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَقَتَلْتَهُ بِسِلاَحِكَ فِي غُرَّةِ الإِسْلاَمِ اللَّهُمَّ لاَ تَغْفِرْ لِمُحَلِّمٍ بِصَوْتٍ عَالٍ زَادَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ فَقَامَ وَإِنَّهُ لَيَتَلَقَّى دُمُوعَهُ بِطَرَفِ رِدَائِهِ

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. [Chain 1] Mūsá b. Ismāʿīl
  2. Ḥammād
  3. Muḥammad b. Isḥāq Faḥaddathanī Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar b. al-Zubayr
  4. Ziyād b. Ḍumayrah al-Ḍamrī [Chain 2] and Hb b. Bayān Waʾaḥmad b. Saʿīd al-Hamdānī
  5. Ibn Wahb
  6. ʿAbd al-Raḥman b. Abū al-Zinād
  7. ʿAbd al-Raḥman b. al-Ḥārith
  8. Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar
  9. Ziyād b. Saʿd b. Ḍumayrah al-Sulamī Wahadhā Ḥadīth Wahb Wahū Atam Yuḥaddith ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr
  10. his father
  11. Mūsá Wajaddih Wakānā Shahidā Maʿ Rasūl Allāh ﷺ Ḥunayn Thum Rajaʿnā
  12. Ḥadīth Wahb

On the authority of his father (Sa'd) and his grandfather (Dumayrah) (according to Musa's version) who were present in the battle of Hunayn with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: After the advent of Islam, Muhallam ibn Jaththamah al-Laythi killed a man of Ashja'. That was the first blood-money decided by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ (for payment). Uyaynah spoke about the killing of al-Ashja'i, for he belonged to Ghatafan, and al-Aqra' ibn Habis spoke on behalf of Muhallam, for he belonged to Khunduf. The voices rose high, and the dispute and noise grew. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Do you not accept blood-money, Uyaynah? Uyaynah then said: No, I swear by Allah, until I cause his women to suffer the same fighting and grief as he caused my women to suffer. Again the voices rose high, and the dispute and noise grew. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Do you not accept the blood-money Uyaynah? Uyaynah gave the same reply as before, and a man of Banu Layth called Mukaytil stood up. He had a weapon and a skin shield in his hand. He said: I do not find in the beginning of Islam any illustration for what he has done except the one that "some sheep came on, and those in the front were shot; hence those in the rear ran away". (The other example is that) "make a law today and change it." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Fifty (camels) here immediately and fifty when we return to Medina. This happened during some of his journeys. Muhallam was a tall man of dark complexion. He was with the people. They continued (to make effort for him) until he was released. He sat before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, with his eyes flowing. He said: Messenger of Allah! I have done (the act) of which you have been informed. I repent to Allah, the Exalted, so ask Allah's forgiveness for me. Messenger of Allah! The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then said: Did you kill him with your weapon at the beginning of Islam. O Allah! do not forgive Muhallam. He said these words loudly. AbuSalamah added: He (Muhallam) then got up while he was wiping his tears with the end of his garment. Ibn Ishaq said: His people alleged that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked forgiveness for him after that. Abu Dawud said: Al-Nadr b. Shumail said: al-ghiyar means blood-wit.

Notes

  • قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ فَزَعَمَ قَوْمُهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ اسْتَغْفَرَ لَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ قَالَ النَّضْرُ بْنُ شُمَيْلٍ الْغِيَرُ الدِّيَةُ

    machine translationIbn Isḥāq said: His people claimed that the Messenger of God ﷺ asked forgiveness for him after that. Abū Dāwūd said: al-Naḍr b. Shumayl said: al-Ghiyar is the blood-money (diyah).

Grades by grader

al-AlbaniWeakin ضعيف أبي داود, p. 4503fawazahmed0, hadithunlocked, sunnah.com
Muhammad Muhyi al-Din Abd al-HamidDaiffawazahmed0
Shuayb al-ArnautWeak Chainin تخريج سنن أبي داود, p. 4503fawazahmed0, hadithunlocked
Zubair Ali ZaiIsnaad Hasanfawazahmed0

What scholars said about it

In their own words, as Hadith Unlocked records them. They are shown, not summarised into a grade.

  • Mizzī

    في إسناده اختلاف

    machine translationThere is a disagreement in its chain.

    in سنن أبي داود, p. 4490
  • Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī

    في إسناد حديثه اختلاف

    machine translationThere is disagreement in the chain of transmission of his hadith.

    in سنن أبي داود, p. 4490
  • ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm al-Mudhirī

    في إسناده محمد بن إسحاق

    machine translationIn its chain of transmission is Muḥammad b. Isḥāq.

    in سنن أبي داود, p. 4490

Narrators

  1. Ḍamrah b. Rabīʿah al-Ḍamrī
    Companion (ṣaḥābī)
    ضَمْرَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ الضَّمْرِيُّصحابي
    عن
  2. Ziyād b. Saʿd b. Ḍumayrah al-Sulamī
    acceptable (maqbūl)
    زِيَادَ بْنَ سَعْدِ بْنِ ضُمَيْرَةَ السُّلَمِيَّمقبول
    سمع
  3. Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar b. al-Zubayr
    trustworthy (thiqah)d. between 110 AH and 120 AH
    مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍثقة
    عن
  4. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Ḥārith
    Truthful (ṣadūq) with some errors (awhām)d. 143 AH, or: at the beginning of Abū Jaʿfar's caliphate
    عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِصدوق له أوهام
    عن
  5. Ibn Abī al-Zinād
    Truthful (ṣadūq); his memory changed when he came to Baghdad, and he was a jurist (faqīh)d. 174 AH
    عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِصدوق ، تغير حفظه لما قدم بغداد ، وكان فقيها
    أخبرني
  6. ʿAbdullāh b. Wahb al-Miṣrī
    Trustworthy (thiqah), a memorizer (ḥāfiẓ), devout (ʿābid)d. 197 AH
    ابْنُ وَهْبٍثقة حافظ ، عابد
    نا
  7. Aḥmad b. Saʿīd al-Hamdānī
    truthful (ṣadūq)d. 253 AH
    وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْهَمْدَانِيُّصدوق
    نا
  8. Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī
    Trustworthy (thiqah), a memorizer (ḥāfiẓ), the compiler of the Sunan and other works, one of the senior scholars.d. 275 AH
    أَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّثقة ، حافظ , مصنف السنن وغيرها ، من كبار العلماء

Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com

Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.

Commentaries

ʿAwn al-Maʿbūd (Ashraf)

Read them on Hadith Unlocked

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