Jami' at-Tirmidhi 2158
What has been Related About 'The Blood Of A Muslim is Not Lawful Except For One Of Three'
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حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدَةَ الضَّبِّيُّ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ
أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ أَشْرَفَ يَوْمَ الدَّارِ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمُ اللَّهَ أَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ يَحِلُّ دَمُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ إِلاَّ بِإِحْدَى ثَلاَثٍ زِنًا بَعْدَ إِحْصَانٍ أَوِ ارْتِدَادٍ بَعْدَ إِسْلاَمٍ أَوْ قَتْلِ نَفْسٍ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ فَقُتِلَ بِهِ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا زَنَيْتُ فِي جَاهِلِيَّةٍ وَلاَ فِي إِسْلاَمٍ وَلاَ ارْتَدَدْتُ مُنْذُ بَايَعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلاَ قَتَلْتُ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ فَبِمَ تَقْتُلُونَنِي
Translation
Chain of narrators
- Aḥmad b. ʿAbdah al-Ḍabbī
- Ḥammād b. Zayd
- Yaḥyá b. Saʿīd
- Abū Umāmah b. Sahl b. Ḥunayf
"I swear to you by Allah! You know that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'The blood of a Muslim man is not lawful, except for one of three (cases):Illegitimate sexual relations after Ihsan (having been married), or apostasy after Islam, or taking a life without right, for which he is killed.' By Allah! I have never committed illegitimate sexual relations, not during Jahiliyyah nor during Islam, and I have not committed apostasy since I gave my pledge to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and I have not taken a life that Allah had made unlawful. So for what do you fight me?"'
Notes
قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَعَائِشَةَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ وَرَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ فَرَفَعَهُ وَرَوَى يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ فَأَوْقَفُوهُ وَلَمْ يَرْفَعُوهُ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَرْفُوعًا
machine translationAbū ʿĪsā said: On this topic there are narrations from Ibn Masʿūd, ʿĀʾishah and Ibn ʿAbbās. This is a good (ḥasan) hadith. Ḥammād b. Salamah narrated it from Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd and attributed it to the Prophet (marfūʿ). Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd al-Qaṭṭān and more than one other narrated this hadith from Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd and made it a statement of the Companion (mawqūf), and did not attribute it to the Prophet. This hadith has also been narrated through more than one route from ʿUthmān, from the Prophet ﷺ, as a raised (marfūʿ) report.
فَوَاللَّهِ مَا زَنَيْتُ فِي جَاهِلِيَّةٍ وَلاَ فِي إِسْلاَمٍ وَلاَ ارْتَدَدْتُ مُنْذُ بَايَعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَلاَ قَتَلْتُ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ فَبِمَ تَقْتُلُونَنِي قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَعَائِشَةَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ. وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ. وَرَوَاهُ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ فَرَفَعَهُ. وَرَوَى يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ فَأَوْقَفُوهُ وَلَمْ يَرْفَعُوهُ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم مَرْفُوعًا
machine translation"By Allah, I did not commit fornication in the Jāhiliyyah nor in Islam, and I have not apostatized since I pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and I have not killed the soul that Allah has forbidden. So for what reason do you kill me?" Abū ʿĪsā said: On this topic there are narrations from Ibn Masʿūd, ʿĀʾishah and Ibn ʿAbbās. This is a good (ḥasan) hadith. Ḥammād b. Salamah narrated it from Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd and attributed it to the Prophet (marfūʿ). Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd al-Qaṭṭān and more than one other narrated this hadith from Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd and made it a statement of the Companion (mawqūf), and did not attribute it to the Prophet. This hadith has also been narrated through more than one route from ʿUthmān, from the Prophet ﷺ, as a raised (marfūʿ) report.
Grades by grader
| Zubair Ali Zai | Sound | fawazahmed0, hadithunlocked, sunnah.com |
|---|---|---|
| Ahmad Muhammad Shakir | Sahih | fawazahmed0 |
| al-Albani | Sahih | fawazahmed0 |
What scholars said about it
In their own words, as Hadith Unlocked records them. They are shown, not summarised into a grade.
- al-Tirmidhi
حديث حسن ورواه حماد بن سلمة أيضا عن يحيى بن سعيد فرفعه وقد رواه يحيى بن سعيد القطان وغيره عن يحيى بن سعيد فوقفوه
machine translationA good (ḥasan) hadith. Ḥammād b. Salamah also narrated it from Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd and attributed it to the Prophet (marfūʿ), while Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd al-Qaṭṭān and others narrated it from Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd and made it a statement of the Companion (mawqūf).
in جامع الترمذي, p. 2327 - al-Tirmidhi
وهذا حديث حسن
machine translationAnd this is a good (ḥasan) hadith.
in جامع الترمذي, p. 2327 - ابن الملقن
هذا الحديث صحيح
machine translationThis hadith is authentic (ṣaḥīḥ).
in جامع الترمذي, p. 2327 - al-Tirmidhi
هذا حديث حسن غريب
machine translationThis is a good (ḥasan), gharīb ḥadīth.
in جامع الترمذي, p. 2327
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- Dāraquṭnī
رواه حماد بن زيد واختلف عنه فرواه محمد بن عيسى الطباع أبو جعفر عن حماد عن يحيى بن سعيد عن أبي أمامة بن سهل وعبد الله بن عامر بن ربيعة عن عثمان عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وغيره يرويه عن حماد عن يحيى عن أبي أمامة بن سهل وحده عن عثمان وحديث عبد الله بن عامر بن ربيعة هو حديث آخر موقوف على عثمان وهم محمد بن عيسى في الجمع بينه وبين أبي أمامة في هذا الحديث
machine translationḤammād b. Zayd narrated it, and there is disagreement about what was reported from him. Muḥammad b. ʿĪsā al-Ṭabbāʿ Abū Jaʿfar narrated it from Ḥammād, from Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd, from Abū Umāmah b. Sahl and ʿAbdullāh b. ʿĀmir b. Rabīʿah, from ʿUthmān, from the Prophet ﷺ. Others narrate it from Ḥammād, from Yaḥyā, from Abū Umāmah b. Sahl alone, from ʿUthmān. The hadith of ʿAbdullāh b. ʿĀmir b. Rabīʿah is a different hadith, a statement of ʿUthmān himself (mawqūf). Muḥammad b. ʿĪsā erred in combining it with Abū Umāmah in this hadith.
in جامع الترمذي, p. 2327 - Abū Ḥatim al-Rāzī
غلط ابن الطباع حديث عبد الله بن عامر غير مرفوع هو موقوف فإن حماد بن سلمة رواه عن يحيى بن سعيد عن أبي أمامة بن سهل عن عثمان موقوف قلت لأبي أيهما أشبه قال لا أعلم أحدا يتابع حماد بن زيد على رفعه قلت فالموقف عندك أشبه قال نعم
machine translationIbn al-Ṭabbāʿ made a mistake. The hadith of ʿAbdullāh b. ʿĀmir is not raised (marfūʿ); it is a statement of the Companion (mawqūf), for Ḥammād b. Salamah narrated it from Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd, from Abū Umāmah b. Sahl, from ʿUthmān, as a statement of the Companion (mawqūf). I said to my father: Which of them is more likely correct? He said: I do not know anyone who followed Ḥammād b. Zayd in attributing it to the Prophet. I said: So the mawqūf is more likely correct in your view? He said: Yes.
in جامع الترمذي, p. 2327
Same hadith, other wordings
- Misykatul Mashabih 3466وَعَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَشْرَفَ يَوْمَ الدَّارِ فَقَالَ: أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ أَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " لَا
Other narrations of this report
Sunan Abi Dawud 4502Musnad Ahmad 509al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Bayhaqi) 16918
Narrators
- One of the foremost early Muslims (al-sābiqūn al-awwalūn), one of the Four Caliphs, and one of the ten given glad tidings of Paradise (al-ʿashara al-mubashshara)d. 35 AHعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَأحد السابقين الأولين والخلفاء الأربعة ، والعشرة المبشرةأن
- Counted among the Companions; he saw the Prophet ﷺ but did not hear from himd. 100 AHأَبِي أُمَامَةَ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍمعدود في الصحابة ، له رؤية ، ولم يسمع من النبي صلى الله عليه وسلمعن
- trustworthy, precise (thiqah thabt)d. 143 AH or 144 AH, also said 146 AHيَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍثقة ثبتعن
- Trustworthy (thiqah), firmly reliable (thabt), a jurist (faqīh).d. 177 AH, also said 179 AHحَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍثقة ثبت ، فقيه.حدثنا
- trustworthy (thiqah), accused of nasb (hostility toward ʿAlī and the Ahl al-Bayt)d. 245 AHأَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدَةَ الضَّبِّيُّثقة ، رمي بالنصبحدثنا
- trustworthy, a memorizer (thiqah ḥāfiẓ)d. 279 AH, in Ikmāl al-Tahdhīb: 275 AHالتِّرْمِذِيُّثقة حافظ
Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com
Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.
Commentaries
شرح مشكل الآثار
Mirqāt al-Mafātīḥ (al-Mullā ʿAlī Qārī)
Lamaʿāt al-Tanqīḥ (ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq al-Dihlawī)
Tuḥfat al-Aḥwadhī (Mubārakpūrī)
Read them on Hadith Unlocked