al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Bayhaqi) 16918
✧ Killing the one who apostatized from Islam
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أَخْبَرَنَا ) أَبُو عَلِيٍّ: الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَنْبَأَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثَنَا أَبُو إِسْمَاعِيلَ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى ابْنُ الطَّبَّاعِ، ثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو أُمَامَةَ بْنُ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، قَالَا:
كُنَّا مَعَ عُثْمَانَ ؓ فِي الدَّارِ وَهُوَ مَحْصُورٌ، وَكُنَّا إِذَا دَخَلْنَا نَدْخُلُ مَكَانًا نَسْمَعُ كَلَامَ مَنْ بِالْبَلَاطِ، فَخَرَجَ عُثْمَانُ ؓ يَوْمًا مُتَغَيِّرًا لَوْنُهُ، قُلْنَا: مَا لَكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ؟ قَالَ: إِنَّهُمْ لَيُوَاعِدُونِي بِالْقَتْلِ، فَقُلْنَا: يَكْفِيكَهُمُ اللهُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، قَالَ: وَبِمَ يَقْتُلُونِي وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: لَا يَحِلُّ دَمُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ إِلَّا بِإِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ: رَجُلٌ كَفَرَ بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِ، أَوْ زَنَى بَعْدَ إِحْصَانِهِ، أَوْ قَتَلَ نَفْسًا بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ. فَوَاللهِ مَا زَنَيْتُ بِجَاهِلِيَّةٍ وَلَا إِسْلَامٍ قَطُّ، وَلَا قَتَلْتُ نَفْسًا بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ، وَلَا تَمَنَّيْتُ بِدِينِي بَدَلًا مُذْ هَدَانِي اللهُ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - لِلْإِسْلَامِ، فَبِمَ يَقْتُلُونِي ؟ !
Translation
Chain of narrators
- Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad al-Rūdhbārī Anbaʾ Ismāʿīl b. Muḥammad al-Ṣaffār
- Abū Ismāʿīl Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl
- Muḥammad b. ʿĪsá Ibn al-Ṭabbāʿ
- Ḥammād b. Zayd
- Yaḥyá b. Saʿīd
- Abū Umāmah b. Sahl b. Ḥunayf and ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿĀmir b. Rabīʿah
Machine translation, not reviewed
We were with ʿUthmān (may God be pleased with him) in the house while he was besieged. When we entered, we would go into a place where we could hear the speech of those at the paved courtyard. One day ʿUthmān (may God be pleased with him) came out with the colour of his face changed. We said: "What is the matter with you, Commander of the Believers?" He said: "They are threatening me with death." We said: "God will suffice you against them, Commander of the Believers." He said: "And for what would they kill me, when I heard the Messenger of God ﷺ say: 'The blood of a Muslim man is not lawful except for one of three: a man who disbelieved after his Islam, or committed adultery after being married, or killed a person without right.' By God, I never committed adultery, neither in the Pre-Islamic Era of Ignorance nor in Islam, and I never killed a person who had not killed another, and I have not wished for any replacement for my religion since God - Mighty and Majestic - guided me to Islam. So for what would they kill me?!"
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What scholars said about it
In their own words, as Hadith Unlocked records them. They are shown, not summarised into a grade.
- Abū Ḥatim al-Rāzī
غلط ابن الطباع حديث عبد الله بن عامر غير مرفوع هو موقوف فإن حماد بن سلمة رواه عن يحيى بن سعيد عن أبي أمامة بن سهل عن عثمان موقوف قلت لأبي أيهما أشبه قال لا أعلم أحدا يتابع حماد بن زيد على رفعه قلت فالموقف عندك أشبه قال نعم
machine translationIbn al-Ṭabbāʿ made a mistake. The hadith of ʿAbdullāh b. ʿĀmir is not raised (marfūʿ); it is a statement of the Companion (mawqūf), for Ḥammād b. Salamah narrated it from Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd, from Abū Umāmah b. Sahl, from ʿUthmān, as a statement of the Companion (mawqūf). I said to my father: Which of them is more likely correct? He said: I do not know anyone who followed Ḥammād b. Zayd in attributing it to the Prophet. I said: So the mawqūf is more likely correct in your view? He said: Yes.
in سنن البيهقي الكبرى, p. 16918 - ابن الملقن
هذا الحديث صحيح
machine translationThis hadith is authentic (ṣaḥīḥ).
in سنن البيهقي الكبرى, p. 16918 - Dāraquṭnī
رواه حماد بن زيد واختلف عنه فرواه محمد بن عيسى الطباع أبو جعفر عن حماد عن يحيى بن سعيد عن أبي أمامة بن سهل وعبد الله بن عامر بن ربيعة عن عثمان عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وغيره يرويه عن حماد عن يحيى عن أبي أمامة بن سهل وحده عن عثمان وحديث عبد الله بن عامر بن ربيعة هو حديث آخر موقوف على عثمان وهم محمد بن عيسى في الجمع بينه وبين أبي أمامة في هذا الحديث
machine translationḤammād b. Zayd narrated it, and there is disagreement about what was reported from him. Muḥammad b. ʿĪsā al-Ṭabbāʿ Abū Jaʿfar narrated it from Ḥammād, from Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd, from Abū Umāmah b. Sahl and ʿAbdullāh b. ʿĀmir b. Rabīʿah, from ʿUthmān, from the Prophet ﷺ. Others narrate it from Ḥammād, from Yaḥyā, from Abū Umāmah b. Sahl alone, from ʿUthmān. The hadith of ʿAbdullāh b. ʿĀmir b. Rabīʿah is a different hadith, a statement of ʿUthmān himself (mawqūf). Muḥammad b. ʿĪsā erred in combining it with Abū Umāmah in this hadith.
in سنن البيهقي الكبرى, p. 16918
Other narrations of this report
Narrators
- One of the foremost early Muslims (al-sābiqūn al-awwalūn), one of the Four Caliphs, and one of the ten given glad tidings of Paradise (al-ʿashara al-mubashshara)d. 35 AHعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَأحد السابقين الأولين والخلفاء الأربعة ، والعشرة المبشرةحدثني
- Al-ʿIjlī declared him trustworthy (thiqah).d. 70 AH, or 85 AH, or 89 AHوَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَوثقه العجليحدثني
- trustworthy, precise (thiqah thabt)d. 143 AH or 144 AH, also said 146 AHيَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍثقة ثبتعن
- Trustworthy (thiqah), firmly reliable (thabt), a jurist (faqīh).d. 177 AH, also said 179 AHحَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍثقة ثبت ، فقيه.حدثنا
- d. 276 AH, also said: 275 AHمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى ابْنُ الطَّبَّاعِحدثنا
- trustworthy, a memorizer (thiqah ḥāfiẓ)d. 280 AH or 275 AH, or shortly before or after itأَبُو إِسْمَاعِيلَ : مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَثقة حافظحدثنا
- d. 341 AHإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُأنبأ
- d. 403 AHأَبُو عَلِيٍّ : الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّأخبرنا
- d. 458 AHالبيهقي
Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com
Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.