Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1109

Translation

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "An orphan girl is to be consulted concerning herself; if she remains silent, that is her permission, and if she refuses, there is no validity against her."

Notes

• He said: On this topic, there are reports from Abu Musa, Ibn Umar, and Aishah. Abu Isa said: The hadith of Abu Hurayrah is a hasan hadith. The people of knowledge differed regarding marrying off an orphan girl. Some of the people of knowledge held that if an orphan girl is married off, the marriage remains pending until she reaches maturity; then, when she reaches maturity, she has the choice either to approve the marriage or annul it. This is the view of some of the Tabi‘in and others. Others said that the marriage of an orphan girl is not permissible until she reaches maturity, and that there is no option in marriage. This is the view of Sufyan al-Thawri, al-Shafi‘i, and others among the people of knowledge. Ahmad and Ishaq said: If an orphan girl reaches nine years of age, is married off, and consents, then the marriage is valid, and she has no option once she matures. They used as evidence the hadith of Aishah that the Prophet ﷺ consummated marriage with her when she was a girl of nine years. Aishah said: "When a girl reaches nine years of age, she is a woman."

• قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى وَابْنِ عُمَرَ وَعَائِشَةَ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ وَاخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ فِي تَزْوِيجِ الْيَتِيمَةِ فَرَأَى بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّ الْيَتِيمَةَ إِذَا زُوِّجَتْ فَالنِّكَاحُ مَوْقُوفٌ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ فَلَهَا الْخِيَارُ فِي إِجَازَةِ النِّكَاحِ أَوْ فَسْخِهِ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ بَعْضِ التَّابِعِينَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لاَ يَجُوزُ نِكَاحُ الْيَتِيمَةِ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ وَلاَ يَجُوزُ الْخِيَارُ فِي النِّكَاحِ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ وَالشَّافِعِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِمَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ وَإِسْحَاقُ إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْيَتِيمَةُ تِسْعَ سِنِينَ فَزُوِّجَتْ فَرَضِيَتْ فَالنِّكَاحُ جَائِزٌ وَلاَ خِيَارَ لَهَا إِذَا أَدْرَكَتْ وَاحْتَجَّا بِحَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَنَى بِهَا وَهِيَ بِنْتُ تِسْعِ سِنِينَ وَقَدْ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْجَارِيَةُ تِسْعَ سِنِينَ فَهِيَ امْرَأَةٌ

• قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ. وَاخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ فِي تَزْوِيجِ الْيَتِيمَةِ فَرَأَى بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّ الْيَتِيمَةَ إِذَا زُوِّجَتْ فَالنِّكَاحُ مَوْقُوفٌ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ فَلَهَا الْخِيَارُ فِي إِجَازَةِ النِّكَاحِ أَوْ فَسْخِهِ. وَهُوَ قَوْلُ بَعْضِ التَّابِعِينَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ. وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لاَ يَجُوزُ نِكَاحُ الْيَتِيمَةِ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ. وَلاَ يَجُوزُ الْخِيَارُ فِي النِّكَاحِ. وَهُوَ قَوْلُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ وَالشَّافِعِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِمَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ. وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ وَإِسْحَاقُ إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْيَتِيمَةُ تِسْعَ سِنِينَ فَزُوِّجَتْ فَرَضِيَتْ فَالنِّكَاحُ جَائِزٌ وَلاَ خِيَارَ لَهَا إِذَا أَدْرَكَتْ. وَاحْتَجَّا بِحَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بَنَى بِهَا وَهِيَ بِنْتُ تِسْعِ سِنِينَ. وَقَدْ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْجَارِيَةُ تِسْعَ سِنِينَ فَهِيَ امْرَأَةٌ.

  machine translationAbū ʿĪsā said: The hadith of Abū Hurayrah is a good (ḥasan) hadith. The people of knowledge differed concerning the marriage of an orphan girl. Some of the people of knowledge held that if an orphan girl is given in marriage, the marriage is suspended until she reaches puberty; when she reaches puberty, she has the choice either to approve the marriage or to annul it. This is the view of some of the Tābiʿūn and others. Some of them said: The marriage of an orphan girl is not permissible until she reaches puberty, and there is no choice in marriage. This is the view of Sufyān al-Thawrī, al-Shāfiʿī and others of the people of knowledge. Aḥmad and Isḥāq said: If the orphan girl has reached nine years and is given in marriage and consents, the marriage is valid and she has no choice when she reaches maturity. They both cited as evidence the hadith of ʿĀʾishah that the Prophet ﷺ consummated the marriage with her when she was nine years old. ʿĀʾishah said: When a girl reaches nine years, she is a woman. Report a problem

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What scholars said about it

In their own words, as Hadith Unlocked records them. They are shown, not summarised into a grade.

• al-Tirmidhi

  حديث حسن

  machine translationA good (ḥasan) hadith. Report a problem

  in جامع الترمذي, p. 1149

Same hadith, other wordings

• Misykatul Mashabih 3133وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «الْيَتِيمَةُ تُسْتَأْمَرُ فِي نَفْسِهَا فَإِنْ صَمَتَتْ فَهُوَ إِذْنُهَا وَإِنْ أَبَتْ فَلَا جَوَازَ عَلَيْهَا». رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ

Other narrations of this report

Musnad al-Bazzar 7748Musnad al-Bazzar 7786Musnad Abi Ya'la 6022

Narrators

1. 1
   Abū Hurayrah al-Dawsī

   The illustrious Companion, the memorizer among the Companions (ḥāfiẓ al-ṣaḥābah)d. 57 AH, or: 58 AH, or: 59 AH
   أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ الدَّوْسِيُّالصحابي الجليل ، حافظ الصحابة
   عن
2. 2
   Abū Salamah b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān

   trustworthy (thiqah), a prolific narrator (mukthir)d. 94 AH, or 104 AH
   أَبِي سَلَمَةَثقة ، مكثر
   عن
3. 3
   Muḥammad b. ʿAmr

   Truthful (ṣadūq) with some errors (awhām)d. 144 AH, or 145 AH
   مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍوصدوق له أوهام
   عن
4. 4
   ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Muḥammad

   Truthful (ṣadūq); he used to narrate from the books of others and would make mistakes.d. 182 AH, or 186 AH, or 187 AH, or 189 AH
   عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍصدوق ، كان يحدث من كتب غيره فيخطئ
   حدثنا
5. 5
   Qutaybah b. Saʿīd

   trustworthy, precise (thiqah thabt)d. 240 AH, or: 241 AH
   قُتَيْبَةُثقة ثبت
   حدثنا
6. 6
   al-Tirmidhī

   trustworthy, a memorizer (thiqah ḥāfiẓ)d. 279 AH, in Ikmāl al-Tahdhīb: 275 AH
   التِّرْمِذِيُّثقة حافظ

Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com

Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.

Also in

Mishkat al-Masabih 3133