al-Mu'jam al-Kabir (al-Tabarani) 17468
✧ What Abu Wail, the brother of b. Salamah, narrated from Mu'adh bin Jabal
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حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَعِينٍ ثَابِتُ بْنُ نُعَيْمٍ الْهُوجِيُّ ثنا آدَمُ بْنُ أَبِي إِيَاسٍ ح وَحَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ السَّدُوسِيُّ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْمَرْوَزِيُّ قَالَا ثنا عَاصِمُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَا ثنا الْمَسْعُودِيُّ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ قَالَ
أُحِيلَتِ الصَّلَاةُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَحْوَالٍ وَأُحِيلَ الصَّوْمُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَحْوَالٍ فَأَمَّا أَحْوَالُ الصَّلَاةِ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَصَلَّى نَحْوَ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ {قَدْ نَرَى تَقَلُّبَ وَجْهِكِ فِي السَّمَاءِ فَلَنُوَلِّيَنَّكَ قِبْلَةً تَرْضَاهَا} فَتَوَجَّهَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ فَكَانَ هَذَا حَالًا وَكَانُوا مُجْتَمِعِينَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَيُؤَذِّنُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا حَتَّى نَقَسُوا أَوْ كَادُوا أَنْ يَنْقُسُوا ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَجُلًا يُقَالُ لَهُ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ زَيْدٍ أَتَى إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لَوْ حَدَّثْتُكَ أَنِّي لَمْ أَكُنْ نَائِمًا بَيْنَ النَّائِمِ وَالْيَقْظَانِ رَأَيْتُ شَخْصًا عَلَيْهِ ثَوْبَانِ أَخْضَرَانِ قَائِمًا فَاسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ فَقَالَ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنَ الْأَذَانِ مَرَّتَيْنِ مَرَّتَيْنِ ثُمَّ قَالَ فِي آخِرِ أَذَانِهِ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ ثُمَّ تُمَهَّلَ شَيْئًا ثُمَّ قَامَ فَقَالَ مِثْلَ الَّذِي قَالَ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ زَادَ قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَقَالَ «عَلِّمْهَا بِلَالًا» فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ أَذَّنَ بِهَا بِلَالٌ وَجَاءَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَدْ أَطَافَ بِيَ مِثْلُ الَّذِي أَطَافَ بِعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ سَبَقَنِي إِلَيْكَ فَهَذَانِ حَوْلَانِ وَكَانُوا يَأْتُونَ الصَّلَاةَ قَدْ سَبَقَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِبَعْضِ الصَّلَاةِ فَيُشِيُرونَ إِلَيْهِمْ كَمْ صَلَّى بِالْأَصَابِعِ وَاحِدَةً ثِنْتَيْنِ فَجَاءَ مُعَاذٌ وَقَدْ سَبَقَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِبَعْضِ الصَّلَاةِ فَدَخَلَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَقَالَ لَا أَجِدُهُ فِي حَالٍ إِلَّا كُنْتُ عَلَيْهَا ثُمَّ قَضَيْتُ فَجَاءَ وَقَدْ سَبَقَهُ بِبَعْضِ الصَّلَاةِ فَدَخَلَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَلَمَّا قَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الصَّلَاةَ قَامَ مُعَاذٌ يَقْضِي فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «قَدْ سَنَّ لَكُمْ مُعَاذٌ فَهَكَذَا فَافْعَلُوا» فَهَذِهِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَحْوَالٍ وَأَمَّا أَحْوَالُ الصِّيَامِ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَجَعَلَ يَصُومُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَصَامَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَصَامَ سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا مِنْ رَبِيعٍ إِلَى شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ إِلَى شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ {كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ} إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ} فَكَانَ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ طَعِمَ وَأَجْزَأَهُ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ إِنَّ اللهَ أَثْبَتَ صِيَامَهُ عَلَى الْمُقِيمِ الصَّحِيحِ وَرَخَّصَ فِيهِ لِلْمَرِيضِ وَالْمُسَافِرِ وَثَبَّتَ الْإِطْعَامَ لِلْكَبِيرِ الَّذِي لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ الصِّيَامَ وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ {شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ هُدًى لِلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدَى وَالْفُرْقَانِ فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ} وَكَانُوا يَأْكُلُونَ وَيَشْرَبُونَ وَيَأْتُونَ النِّسَاءَ مَا لَمْ يَنَامُوا فَإِذَا نَامُوا امْتَنَعُوا مِنْ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَجُلًا يُقَالُ لَهُ صِرْمَةُ ظَلَّ يَوْمَهُ صَائِمًا يَعْمَلُ فَجَاءَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ فَنَامَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ فَأَصْبَحَ صَائِمًا فَرَآهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِنْ آخِرِ النَّهَارِ قَدْ جَهِدَ جَهْدًا شَدِيدًا فَقَالَ «مَا لِي أَرَاكَ قَدْ جَهِدْتَ؟» فَقَالَ إِنِّي ظَلَلْتُ أَمْسِ أَعْمَلُ فَجِئْتُ فَنِمْتُ قَبْلَ أَنْ أُفْطِرَ وَجَاءَ عُمَرُ وَقَدْ أَصَابَ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ بَعْدَمَا نَامَ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَائِكُمْ} إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ
Translation
Chain of narrators
- [Chain 1] Abū Maʿīn Thābit b. Nuʿaym al- / jī
- Ādam b. Abū Iyās [Chain 2] ʿUmar b. Ḥafṣ al-Sadūsī and Muḥammad b. Yaḥyá al-Marwazī
- ʿĀṣim b. ʿAlī
- al-Masʿūdī
- ʿAmr b. Murrah
- ʿAbd al-Raḥman b. Abū Laylá
- Muʿādh b. Jabal
- Uḥīlat al-Ṣalāh Thalāthah Aḥwāl Waʾuḥīl al-Ṣawm Thalāthah Aḥwāl Faʾammā Aḥwāl al-Ṣalāh
✧ Prayer was transformed through three stages, and fasting was transformed through three stages. As for the stages of prayer: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to Madinah and prayed toward Bayt al-Maqdis (Jerusalem) for seventeen months. Then Allah revealed: {We have certainly seen the turning of your face toward the heaven, and We will surely turn you to a qiblah with which you will be pleased} (2:144). So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ turned toward the Ka'bah. This was one stage. They used to gather for prayer and call one another to it until they struck the bell or nearly did so. Then a man called 'Abdullah b. Zayd came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, “O Messenger of Allah, if I were to tell you that while I was between sleep and wakefulness, I saw a figure wearing two green garments standing and facing the qiblah, saying, ‘Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar’ until he finished the adhan, repeating each phrase twice. Then at the end of his adhan he said, ‘Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, la ilaha illa Allah.’ Then he paused for a while, then stood and said the same as he had said, except that he added, ‘Qad qamat al-salah.’” He said, “Teach it to Bilal.” So Bilal was the first to call the adhan with it. Then 'Umar b. al-Khattab came and said, “O Messenger of Allah, something like what came to 'Abdullah b. Zayd came around me, except that he preceded me to you.” These are two stages. People used to come to prayer after the Prophet ﷺ had already prayed part of it, and they would signal to them with their fingers how many rak'ahs he had prayed: one, two. Then Mu'adh came after the Prophet ﷺ had already prayed part of the prayer, and he entered the prayer. He said, “I will not find him in any state except that I am in it, then I will make up what I missed.” He came after part of the prayer had been missed and entered the prayer. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ finished the prayer, Mu'adh stood up to make up what he had missed. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “Mu'adh has set a precedent for you, so do likewise.” These are the three stages. As for the stages of fasting: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to Madinah and began fasting three days every month. He fasted 'Ashura and fasted for seventeen months from Rabi' to Rabi' to the month of Ramadan. Then Allah ﷻ made the month of Ramadan obligatory upon him and revealed to him: {Fasting is prescribed for you} up to His saying: {a ransom of feeding a poor person} (2:183-184). So whoever wished fasted, and whoever wished fed a poor person instead, and that sufficed him. Then Allah established fasting for the resident healthy person and granted a concession for the sick and the traveler, and fixed the feeding for the elderly person who cannot fast. And He revealed to him: {The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for the people and clear proofs of guidance and criterion. So whoever of you witnesses the month, let him fast it} (2:185). They used to eat, drink, and approach their wives as long as they had not slept. When they slept, they refrained from that. Then a man called Sirmah spent his day fasting while working. He came to his family and slept before breaking his fast. In the morning he was still fasting. The Prophet ﷺ saw him late in the day and he was extremely exhausted. He said, “Why do I see you exhausted?” He said, “I worked yesterday, then I came and slept before breaking my fast.” Then 'Umar came after having approached his wife after sleeping, and he mentioned that to him. Then Allah ﷻ revealed: {It has been made permissible for you the night preceding fasting to go to your wives} (2:187) to the end of the verse.
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