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العربية

al-Mu'jam al-Awsat 3254

✧ Bakr b. Sahl al-Dimyati

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وَبِهِ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، قَالَ: نَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ غَزِيَّةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَكَانَ أَحَدَ النَّفَرِ الثَّلَاثَةِ الَّذِينَ تَابَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِمْ قَالَ:

كَانَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ ادَّانَ بِدَيْنٍ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ حَتَّى أَحَاطَ ذَلِكَ بِمَالِهِ، وَكَانَ مُعَاذٌ مِنْ صُلَحَاءِ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ مُعَاذٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، مَا جَعَلْتُ فِي نَفْسِي حِينَ أَسْلَمْتُ أَنْ أَبْخَلَ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ بِمَالٍ مَلَكْتُهُ، وَإِنِّي أَنْفَقْتُ مَالِي فِي أَمْرِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَأَبْقَى ذَلِكَ عَلَيَّ دَيْنًا عَظِيمًا، فَادْعُ غُرَمَائِي فَاسْتَرْفِقْهُمْ، فَإِنْ أَرْفَقُوا بِي فَسَبِيلُ ذَلِكَ، وَإِنْ أَبَوْا فَاخْلَعْنِي لَهُمْ مِنْ مَالِي، قَالَ: فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ غُرَمَاءَهُ، فَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَرْفُقُوا بِهِ فَقَالُوا: نَحْنُ نُحِبُّ أَمْوَالَنَا، " فَدَفَعَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَالَ مُعَاذٍ كُلَّهُ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ مُعَاذًا عَلَى بَعْضِ الْيَمَنِ لِيَجْبُرَهُ "، فَأَصَابَ مُعَاذٌ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ مِنْ مَرَافِقِ الْإِمَارَةِ مَالًا، فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَمُعَاذٌ بِالْيَمَنِ، فَارْتَدَّ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ مُعَاذٌ وَأُمَرَاءُ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَمَّرَهُمْ عَلَى الْيَمَنِ حَتَّى دَخَلُوا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ فِي خِلَافَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ بِمَالٍ عَظِيمٍ، وَأَتَاهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّكَ قَدِمْتَ بِمَالٍ عَظِيمٍ، وَإِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ تَأْتِيَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، فَتَسْتَحِلَّ مِنْهُ، فَإِنْ أَحَلَّهُ لَكَ طَابَ لَكَ، وَإِلَّا دَفَعْتَهُ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ مُعَاذٌ: لَقَدْ عَلِمْتَ يَا عُمَرُ، مَا بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَّا لِيَجْبُرَنِي حِينَ دَفَعَ مَالِي إِلَى غُرَمَائِي، وَمَا كُنْتُ لِأَدْفَعَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ شَيْئًا مِمَّا جِئْتُ بِهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَسْأَلَنِيهِ، فَإِنْ سَأَلَنِيهِ دَفَعْتُهُ إِلَيْهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَأْخُذْ أَمْسَكْتُهُ "، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: إِنِّي لَمْ آلُكَ وَنَفْسِي إِلَّا خَيْرًا، ثُمَّ قَامَ عُمَرُ، فَانْصَرَفَ، فَلَمَّا وَلَّى دَعَاهُ، فَعَادَ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي مُطِيعُكَ، وَلَوْلَا رُؤْيَا رَأَيْتُهَا لَمْ أُطِعْكَ، إِنِّي رَأَيْتُنِي فِي نَوْمِي غَرِقْتُ فِي حَوْمَةِ مَاءٍ، فَأَرَاكَ أَخَذْتَ بِيَدِي، فَأَنْجَيْتَنِي مِنْهَا، فَانْطَلِقْ بِنَا إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَانْطَلَقَا حَتَّى دَخَلَا عَلَيْهِ، فَذَكَرَ لَهُ مُعَاذٌ كَنَحْوٍ مِمَّا كَلَّمَ بِهِ عُمَرُ فِيمَا كَانَ مِنْ غُرَمَائِهِ، وَمَا أَرَادَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ جَبْرِهِ، ثُمَّ أَعْلَمَهُ بِمَا جَاءَ بِهِ مِنَ الْمَالِ، حَتَّى قَالَ: وَسَوْطِي هَذَا مِمَّا جِئْتُ بِهِ، فَمَا رَأَيْتَ فَخُذْ، وَمَا رَأَيْتَ فَأَطِبْهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: هُوَ لَكَ كُلُّهُ يَا مُعَاذُ، فَالْتَفَتَ عُمَرُ إِلَى مُعَاذٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا مُعَاذُ، هَذَا حِينَ طَابَ لَكَ، فَكَانَ مُعَاذٌ مِنْ أَكْثَرِ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَالًا، وَكَانَ مُعَاذٌ أَوَّلَ رَجُلٍ أَصَابَ مَالًا مِنْ مَرَافِقِ الْإِمَارَةِ

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. ʿAbdullāh b. Yūsuf
  2. Ibn Lahīʿah
  3. Yazīd b. Abū Ḥabīb
  4. ʿUmārah b. Ghaziyyah
  5. Ibn Shihāb
  6. Ibn Kaʿb b. Mālik
  7. Abīh And Kān Aḥad al-Nafar al-Thalāthah al--Adhīn Tāb Allāh ʿAlayhim

✧ Muʿādh b. Jabal incurred a debt during the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ until it encompassed all his wealth. Muʿādh was one of the righteous Companions of the Prophet ﷺ. Muʿādh said, 'O Messenger of Allah, when I embraced Islam, I never intended to withhold from Islam any wealth I possessed, and I spent my wealth in the cause of Islam. That left upon me a great debt. Summon my creditors and ask them to be lenient with me. If they are lenient, that is the proper way. If they refuse, then divest me of my property for them.' He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ summoned his creditors and offered them to be lenient with him. They said, 'We want our wealth.' So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave them all of Muʿādh's wealth. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Muʿādh to part of Yemen to compensate him. Muʿādh obtained from Yemen some wealth from the perquisites of governance. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away while Muʿādh was in Yemen. Some of the people of Yemen apostatized, and Muʿādh fought them along with commanders whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had appointed over Yemen until they returned to Islam. Then he came during the caliphate of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq with great wealth. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb came to him and said, 'You have come with great wealth. I think you should go to Abū Bakr and seek his permission for it. If he permits it for you, it becomes lawful for you; otherwise you should give it to him.' Muʿādh said, 'You know, O ʿUmar, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent me only to compensate me when he gave my wealth to my creditors. I would not give Abū Bakr anything of what I have brought unless he asks me for it. If he asks me, I will give it to him; if he does not take it, I will keep it.' ʿUmar said to him, 'I have not been negligent of your welfare or mine.' Then ʿUmar got up and left. When he turned away, Muʿādh called him back, and he returned. Muʿādh said, 'I will obey you, and were it not for a dream I saw, I would not obey you. I saw myself in my sleep drowning in a deep flood of water, and I saw you take my hand and save me from it. Come with us to Abū Bakr.' So they went until they entered upon him. Muʿādh mentioned to him something similar to what he had spoken to ʿUmar about his creditors and what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ intended by compensating him. Then he informed him of the wealth he had brought, saying, 'Even this whip of mine is part of what I brought. Whatever you deem appropriate, take; whatever you deem appropriate, make lawful for me.' Abū Bakr said to him, 'It is all yours, O Muʿādh.' ʿUmar turned to Muʿādh and said, 'O Muʿādh, now it has become lawful for you.' Thus Muʿādh became one of the wealthiest of the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ, and he was the first man to acquire wealth from the perquisites of governance.

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