Jami' al-Saghir / Jam' al-Jawami' (al-Suyuti) 2-76b
"لما كان يوم بدر نظر النبي ﷺ إلى أصحابه وهم ثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ ونيف، ونظر إلى المشركين، فإذا هم ألف وزيادة فاستقبل النبي ﷺ القبلة، ومد يديه وعليه رداؤه وإزاره، ثم قال: اللهم أنجز ما وعدتني، اللهم إن تهلك هذه العصابة - من أهل الإسلام - فلا تعبد في الأرض أبدا، فما زال يستغيث ربه ويدعوه حتى سقط رداؤه، فأتاه أبو بكر فأخذ رداءه فرداه ثم التزمه من ورائه، ثم قال: يا نبي الله كفاك مناشدَتَك ربك فإنه سينجز لك ما وعدك، وأنزل الله: {إِذْ تَسْتَغِيثُونَ رَبَّكُمْ فَاسْتَجَابَ لَكُمْ أَنِّي مُمِدُّكُمْ بِأَلْفٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مُرْدِفِينَ} فلما كان يومئذ والتقوا هزم الله المشركين وقُتِلَ منهم سبعون رجلا، وأسر منهم سبعون رجلًا، فاستشار رسول الله ﷺ أبا بكر وعليا وعمر فقال أبو بكر: يا نبي الله: هؤلاء بنو العم والعشيرة والإخوان، وإني أري أن تأخذَ منهم الفدية، فيكون ما أخذنا منهم قوة لنا على الكفار، وعسي أن يهديَهم فيكونوا لنا عضدا، فقال رسول الله ﷺ: ما ترى؟ قلت: والله ما أرى الذي رأى أبو بكر ولكن أرى أن تمكني من فلان - قريب لعمر - فأضرب عنقَه، وتمكن عليا من عقيل فيضربَ عنقه، وتمكن حمزة من فلان أخيه فيضرب عنقه، حتى يعلم الله أنه ليست في قلوبنا مودة للمشركين، هؤلاءِ صناديدُهم وأئمتهم وقادتهم، فهوى رسول الله ﷺ ما قال أبو بكر، ولم يهو ما قلت، فأخذ منهم الفداء، فلما كان من الغدِ غدوت على النبي ﷺ فإذا هو قاعد وأبو بكر يبكيان، فقلت: يا رسول الله: أخبرني ماذا يبكيك أنت وصاحبك؟ فإن وجدت بكاءً بكيت، وإن لم أجد تباكيت لبكائكما، فقال النبي ﷺ للذي عرض على أصحابك من الفداء، لقد عرض على عذابكم أدنى من هذه الشجرة: الشجرة قريبة، فأنزل الله: {مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ أَسْرَى حَتَّى يُثْخِنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ تُرِيدُونَ عَرَضَ الدُّنْيَا وَاللَّهُ يُرِيدُ الْآخِرَةَ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (67) لَوْلَا كِتَابٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ سَبَقَ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِيمَا أَخَذْتُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ} ثم أحل لهم الغنائم، فلما كان يوم أحد من العام المقبل عوقبوا بما صنعوا يوم بدر من أخذهم الفداء فقتل منهم سبعون، وفر أصحاب النبي ﷺ وكسرت رباعيته وهشمت البيضة على رأسه، وسال الدم على وجهه، وأنزل الله: {أَوَلَمَّا أَصَابَتْكُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ قَدْ أَصَبْتُمْ مِثْلَيْهَا قُلْتُمْ أَنَّى هَذَا قُلْ هُوَ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَنْفُسِكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ} بأخذكم الفداء".....
Translation
Machine translation, not reviewed
"On the day of Badr, the Prophet ﷺ looked at his Companions, who were three hundred and some, and he looked at the polytheists, and they were a thousand and more. So the Prophet ﷺ faced the qiblah, stretched out his hands, wearing his upper garment and lower garment, and then said: O Allah, fulfil what You promised me. O Allah, if this band of the people of Islam is destroyed, You will not be worshipped on the earth ever. He kept calling upon his Lord and supplicating to Him until his cloak fell off. Then Abū Bakr came to him, took his cloak and put it back on him, then embraced him from behind and said: O Prophet of Allah, your pleading with your Lord is enough, for He will fulfil for you what He promised you. And Allah revealed: {إِذْ تَسْتَغِيثُونَ رَبَّكُمْ فَاسْتَجَابَ لَكُمْ أَنِّي مُمِدُّكُمْ بِأَلْفٍ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مُرْدِفِينَ} Then on that day, when they met, Allah defeated the polytheists; seventy men of them were killed and seventy men of them were taken captive. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ consulted Abū Bakr, ʿAlī and ʿUmar. Abū Bakr said: O Prophet of Allah, these are cousins, kinsfolk and brothers, and I think that you should take ransom from them, so that what we take from them becomes a strength for us against the disbelievers, and perhaps Allah will guide them and they will be a support for us. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: What do you think? I said: By Allah, I do not think what Abū Bakr thinks, but I think that you should give me power over so-and-so, a relative of ʿUmar, so that I strike his neck, and give ʿAlī power over ʿAqīl so that he strikes his neck, and give Ḥamzah power over so-and-so, his brother, so that he strikes his neck, so that Allah knows that there is no affection in our hearts for the polytheists. These are their leaders, their imams and their chiefs. But the Messenger of Allah ﷺ inclined to what Abū Bakr said and did not incline to what I said, and he took ransom from them. The next morning I went early to the Prophet ﷺ, and he was sitting with Abū Bakr, both weeping. I said: O Messenger of Allah, tell me what makes you and your companion weep? If I find cause for weeping, I will weep, and if I do not, I will pretend to weep for your weeping. The Prophet ﷺ said: For what your companions put before me of taking ransom. Your punishment was shown to me closer than this tree, a tree that was near. So Allah revealed: {مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ أَسْرَى حَتَّى يُثْخِنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ تُرِيدُونَ عَرَضَ الدُّنْيَا وَاللَّهُ يُرِيدُ الْآخِرَةَ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (67) لَوْلَا كِتَابٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ سَبَقَ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِيمَا أَخَذْتُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ} Then He made the spoils lawful for them. Then on the day of Uḥud in the following year, they were punished for what they did on the day of Badr by taking ransom: seventy of them were killed, the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ fled, his front tooth was broken, the helmet was smashed on his head, and blood ran down his face. And Allah revealed: {أَوَلَمَّا أَصَابَتْكُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ قَدْ أَصَبْتُمْ مِثْلَيْهَا قُلْتُمْ أَنَّى هَذَا قُلْ هُوَ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَنْفُسِكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ} because of your taking ransom.".....
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Notes
[ش] ابن أبى شيبة [حم] أحمد [م] مسلم [د] أبو داود [ت] الترمذي وأبو عوانة، وابن جرير، وابن المنذر، وابن أبي حاتم، [حب] ابن حبّان وأبو الشيخ، وابن مردويه، وأبو نعيم، البيهقي معا في الدلائل
machine translation[Sh] Ibn Abī Shaybah, [Ḥm] Aḥmad, [M] Muslim, [D] Abū Dāwūd, [T] al-Tirmidhī, and Abū ʿAwānah, Ibn Jarīr, Ibn al-Mundhir, Ibn Abī Ḥātim, [Ḥb] Ibn Ḥibbān, Abū al-Shaykh, Ibn Mardawayh, Abū Nuʿaym, and al-Bayhaqī together in al-Dalāʾil.
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