Shu'ab al-Iman (al-Bayhaqi) 387
✧ What must be known in this chapter: that Paradise and Hell are created and prepared for their inhabitants
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أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عُمَرَ الزَّاهِدُ، أَخْبَرَنَا ثَعْلَبٌ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ الْفَرَّاءِ
قَالَ: يُقَالُ: " أَبْدَلْتُ الْخَاتَمَ بِالْحَلْقَةِ إِذَا نَحَّيْتُ هَذَا وَجَعَلْتُ هَذَا مَكَانَهُ، وَبَدَّلْتُ الْخَاتَمَ بالْحَلْقَةِ إِذَا أَذَبْتُهَا وَجَعَلْتُهَا خَاتَمًا " قَالَ ثَعْلَبٌ: " وَحَقِيقَةُ بَدَّلْتُ إِذَا غَيَّرُتُ الصُّورَةَ إِلَى صُورَةٍ غَيْرِهَا، وَالْجَوْهَرَةُ بِعَيْنِهَا وأُبْدِلَتْ إِذَا نَحَّيْتُ الْجَوْهَرَةَ وَجَعَلْتُ مَكَانَهَا جَوْهَرَةً أُخْرَى " قَالَ أَبُو عُمَرَ: فَعَرَضْتُ هَذَا الْكَلَامَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْمُبَرِّدِ فَاسْتَحْسَنَهُ، وَقَالَ لِي: قَدْ بَقِيَتْ فِيهِ فَاصِلَةٌ أُخْرَى، قُلْتُ: مَا هِيَ أَعَزَّكَ اللهُ؟ قَالَ: هِيَ أَنَّ الْعَرَبَ قَدْ جَعَلَتْ بَدَّلْتُ بِمَعْنَى أَبْدَلْتُ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {فَأُولَئِكَ يُبَدِّلُ اللهُ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ حَسَنَاتٍ} [الفرقان: 70] أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ تَعَالَى قَدْ أَزَالَ السَّيِّئَاتِ، وَجَعَلَ مَكَانَهَا الْحَسَنَاتِ، وَأَمَّا مَا شَرَطَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى وَهُوَ ثَعْلَبٌ وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {كُلَّمَا نَضِجَتْ جُلُودُهُمْ بَدَّلْنَاهُمْ جُلُودًا غَيْرَهَا} [النساء: 56] قَالَ: فَهَذِهِ فِي الْجَوْهَرَةِ وَتَبْدِيلُهَا تَغْيِيرُ صُورَتِهَا إِلَى غَيْرِهَا لِأَنَّهَا كَانَتْ نَاعِمَةً فَاسْوَدَّتْ بِالْعَذَابِ فُرَدَّتْ صُورَةُ جُلُودِهِمُ الْأُولَى لَمَّا نَضِجَتْ تِلْكَ الصُّورَةُ وَالْجَوْهَرَةُ وَاحِدَةٌ وَالصُّوَرُ مُخْتَلِفَةٌ " قَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابِ الْبَعْثِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: " تَأْكُلَهُمُ النَّارُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ مَرَّةٍ، كُلَّمَا أَكَلَتْهُمْ قِيلَ لَهُمْ: عُودُوا فَيَعُودُونَ كَمَا كَانُوا "
Translation
Chain of narrators
machine translationAbū al-Ḥusayn b. Bishrān informed us, Abū ʿUmar al-Zāhid informed us, Thaʿlab informed us, from Salamah, from al-Farrāʾ.
Machine translation, not reviewed
He said: It is said: "I exchanged (abdaltu) the ring for the band, when I put this one aside and placed that one in its place; and I changed (baddaltu) the ring for the band, when I melted it and made it into a ring." Thaʿlab said: "The reality of baddaltu is when I change the form into another form while the substance itself remains; and ubdilat is when I put the jewel aside and put another jewel in its place." Abū ʿUmar said: I presented this statement to Muḥammad b. Yazīd al-Mubarrid and he approved of it, and he said to me: There remains another distinction in it. I said: What is it, may God honor you? He said: It is that the Arabs have made baddaltu have the meaning of abdaltu, and that is the saying of God, Mighty and Majestic: {فَأُولَئِكَ يُبَدِّلُ اللهُ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ حَسَنَاتٍ} [al-Furqān: 70]. Do you not see that He, Exalted, removed the evil deeds and put good deeds in their place? As for what Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā, who is Thaʿlab, stipulated, and the meaning of His saying, Mighty and Majestic: {كُلَّمَا نَضِجَتْ جُلُودُهُمْ بَدَّلْنَاهُمْ جُلُودًا غَيْرَهَا} [al-Nisāʾ: 56], he said: This concerns the substance and its changing, which is changing its form into another, because it was soft and turned black through the punishment, so the first form of their skins was restored when that form was cooked through. The substance is one and the forms differ." Al-Bayhaqī, may God have mercy on him, said: And we have narrated in the Book of the Resurrection (al-Baʿth), from al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī, that he said about this verse: "The Fire consumes them seventy thousand times each day; every time it consumes them, it is said to them: Return, and they return as they were."
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