Shu'ab al-Iman (al-Bayhaqi) 2101
✧ Reciting the Quran with full articulation and correct grammatical inflections
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، أَخْبَرَنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حدثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حدثنا قَبِيصَةُ، حدثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ سَيَّارٍ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ،
قَالَ: " أَعْرِبُوا الْقُرْآنَ فَإِنَّهُ عَرَبِيٌّ، وَإِنَّهُ سَيَجِيءُ أَقْوَامٌ يَثْقَفُونَهُ لَيْسُوا بِخِيَارِكُمْ " قَالَ الْحَلِيمِيُّ ؓ: " وَمَعْنَى إِعْرَابِ الْقُرْآنِ شَيْئَانِ: أَحَدُهما أَنْ يُحَافَظَ عَلَى الْحَرَكَاتِ الَّتِي بِهَا يَتَمَيَّزُ لِسَانُ الْعَرَبِ عَن لِسَانِ الْعَجَمِ لِأَنَّ أَكْثَرَ كَلَامِ الْعَجَمِ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ وَصْلًا وَقَطْعًا وَلَا يَتَمَيَّزُ الْفَاعِلُ مِنَ الْمَفْعُولِ وَالْمَاضِي مِنَ الْمُسْتَقْبَلِ بِاخْتِلَافِ حَرَكَاتِ الْمَقَاطِعِ، وَالْآخَرُ: أَنْ يُحَافَظَ عَلَى أَعْيَانِ الْحَرَكَاتِ وَلَا يُبَدَّلَ شَيْءٌ مِنْهُ بِغَيْرِهِ؛ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ رُبَّمَا أَوْقَعَ فِي اللَّحْنَ أَوْ غَيَّرَ الْمَعْنَى " قَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ ؓ: وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فِي بَابِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " تَعَلَّمُوا السُّنَّةَ وَالْفَرَائِضَ وَاللَّحْنَ كَمَا تَعَلَّمُونَ الْقُرْآنَ "
Translation
Chain of narrators
machine translationAbū al-Ḥusayn b. al-Faḍl informed us, ʿAbdullāh b. Jaʿfar informed us, Yaʿqūb b. Sufyān narrated to us, Qabīṣah narrated to us, Sufyān narrated to us, from Ismāʿīl, from Sayyār Abū Ḥamzah, from Ibn Masʿūd,
Machine translation, not reviewed
He said: "Give the Qur'an its i'rāb (correct vowelling and grammatical inflection), for it is Arabic. And there will come peoples who recite it with precision, though they are not the best of you." Al-Ḥalīmī ؓ said: "The meaning of giving the Qur'an its i'rāb is twofold: first, to preserve the vowel movements by which the speech of the Arabs is distinguished from the speech of the non-Arabs, because most non-Arab speech is built on silence (sukūn) in connected and in stopped speech, and the subject is not distinguished from the object, nor the past from the future, by the differing vowels of the word endings. The second: to preserve the exact vowels and not to replace any of them with another, because that may lead to a grammatical error (laḥn) or change the meaning." Al-Bayhaqī ؓ said: "And we have narrated from ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ in the chapter on knowledge that he said: 'Learn the Sunnah, the obligations of inheritance, and correct grammar (laḥn), just as you learn the Qur'an.'"
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