Sahih Muslim 1769a
Permissibility of fighting those who break a treaty; Permissibility of letting besieged people surrender, subject to the judgement of a just person who is qualified to pass judgement
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وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلاَءِ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ كِلاَهُمَا عَنِ ابْنِ نُمَيْرٍ قَالَ ابْنُ الْعَلاَءِ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ
أُصِيبَ سَعْدٌ يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ رَمَاهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ ابْنُ الْعَرِقَةِ رَمَاهُ فِي الأَكْحَلِ فَضَرَبَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَيْمَةً فِي الْمَسْجِدِ يَعُودُهُ مِنْ قَرِيبٍ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْخَنْدَقِ وَضَعَ السِّلاَحَ فَاغْتَسَلَ فَأَتَاهُ جِبْرِيلُ وَهُوَ يَنْفُضُ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الْغُبَارِ فَقَالَ وَضَعْتَ السِّلاَحَ وَاللَّهِ مَا وَضَعْنَاهُ اخْرُجْ إِلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَيْنَ فَأَشَارَ إِلَى بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ فَقَاتَلَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَنَزَلُوا عَلَى حُكْمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرَدَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْحُكْمَ فِيهِمْ إِلَى سَعْدٍ قَالَ فَإِنِّي أَحْكُمُ فِيهِمْ أَنْ تُقْتَلَ الْمُقَاتِلَةُ وَأَنْ تُسْبَى الذُّرِّيَّةُ وَالنِّسَاءُ وَتُقْسَمَ أَمْوَالُهُمْ
Translation
Chain of narrators
- Abū Bakr b. Abū Shaybah and Muḥammad b. al-ʿAlāʾ al-Hamdānī
- Ibn Numayr
- Ibn al-ʿAlāʾ
- Ibn Numayr
- Hishām
- his father
- ʿĀʾishah
Sa'd was wounded on the day of the Battle of the Ditch. A man from the Quraish called Ibn al-Ariqah shot at him an arrow which pierced the artery in the middle of his forearm. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ pitched a tent for him in the mosque and would inquire after him being in close proximity. When he returned from the Ditch and laid down his arms and took a bath, the angel Gabriel appeared to him and he was removing dust from his hair (as if he had just returned from the battle). The latter said: You have laid down arms. By God, we haven't (yet) laid them down. So march against them. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked: Where? He pointed to Banu Quraiza. So the Messenger of Allah (may peace he upon him) fought against them. They surrendered at the command of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, but he referred the decision about them to Sa'd who said: I decide about them that those of them who can fight be killed, their women and children taken prisoners and their properties distributed (among the Muslims).
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Other narrations of this report
Sahih al-Bukhari 2813Musnad Ahmad 24295Musnad Ahmad 25578Musnad Ahmad 26399al-Mu'jam al-Kabir (al-Tabarani) 20696
Narrators
- Mother of the Believers, the most knowledgeable woman in jurisprudence absolutely (afqah al-nisāʾ muṭlaqan)d. 57 AH, or 58 AHعَائِشَةُ بِنْتُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِأم المؤمنين ، أفقه النساء مطلقاعن
- trustworthy (thiqah), a jurist (faqīh), well-known (mashhūr)d. 91 AH, or 92, or 93 AH, or 94 AH, or 95 AH, or 99 AH, or 100 AH, or 101 AHأَبِيهِثقة فقيه مشهورعن
- trustworthy (thiqah), a jurist (faqīh), sometimes practiced concealment (tadlīs)d. 145, or: 146 AH, or: 147 AH, also said: 144 AHهِشَامٌثقة فقيه ربما دلسحدثنا
- Trustworthy (thiqah), a man of hadith, from the people of the Sunnah (ahl al-sunnah)d. 199 AHابْنُ نُمَيْرٍثقة ، صاحب حديث من أهل السنةحدثنا
- trustworthy, a memorizer (thiqah ḥāfiẓ)d. 248 AH. Also said: 247 AH, which is a mistakeوَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ الْهَمْدَانِيُّثقة حافظحدثنا
- Trustworthy (thiqah), a retentive memorizer (ḥāfiẓ), an imam, an author of compilations, knowledgeable in jurisprudence (fiqh)d. Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb said: 261 AH, Makkī b. ʿAbdān said: 259 AHمُسْلِمٌثقة حافظ ، إمام ، مصنف ، عالم بالفقه
Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com
Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.
Commentaries
شرح مشكل الآثار
شرح مشكل الآثار
al-Minhāj (Nawawī)
al-Mufham (Abū al-ʿAbbās)
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