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العربية

al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 5366

✧ The Permissibility of Abandoning the Forbidding of Wrong for One Who Is Unable

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وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى: حَدَّثَنَا قَطَنُ بْنُ نُسَيْرٍ، ثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، ثَنَا الْمُعَلَّى بْنُ زِيَادٍ، قَالَ

لَمَّا هَزَمَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ الْمُهَلَّبِ أَهْلَ الْبَصْرَةِ، خَشِيتُ أَنْ أَجْلِسَ فِي حَلْقَةِ الْحَسَنِ، فَأُوجَدَ فِيهَا فَأُعْرَفَ، فَأَتَيْتُ الْحَسَنَ فِي مَنْزِلِهِ، فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ، كَيْفَ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ ؟ قَالَ: أَيَّةُ آيَةٍ ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: كَانُوا لا يَتَنَاهَوْنَ عَنْ مُنْكَرٍ فَعَلُوهُ، الْآيَةَ، قَالَ: يَا عَبْدَ اللهِ، إِنَّ الْقَوْمَ عَرَضُوا السَّيْفَ فَحَالَ السَّيْفُ دُونَ الْكَلَامِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ، فَهَلْ تَعْرِفُ لِمُتَكَلِّمٍ فَضْلًا ؟ قَالَ: لَا، قَالَ الْمُعَلَّى: ثُمَّ حَدَّثَ بِحَدِيثَيْنِ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، قَالَ: لَا يَمْنَعَنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ رَهْبَةُ النَّاسِ أَنْ يَقُولَ بِالْحَقِّ إِذَا رَآهُ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُقَرِّبُ مِنْ أَجَلٍ، وَلَا يُبْعِدُ مِنْ رِزْقٍ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ حَدَّثَ الْحَسَنُ بِحَدِيثٍ آخَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: لَيْسَ لِلْمُؤْمِنِ أَنْ يُذِلَّ نَفْسَهُ، قِيلَ: وَمَا إِذْلَالُهُ نَفْسَهُ ؟ قَالَ: يَتَعَرَّضُ مِنَ الْبَلَاءِ لِمَا لَا يُطِيقُ، قِيلَ: يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ فَيَزِيدُ الضَّبِّيُّ فِي كَلَامِهِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ ؟ قَالَ: أَمَا إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَخْرُجْ مِنَ السِّجْنِ حَتَّى نَدِمَ، قَالَ الْمُعَلَّى: فَأَقُومُ مِنْ مَجْلِسِ الْحَسَنِ، فَأَتَيْتُ يَزِيدَ الضَّبِّيَّ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا مَوْدُودٍ، بَيْنَمَا أَنَا وَالْحَسَنُ نَتَذَاكَرُ إِذَا نَصَبْتَ أَمْرَكَ نَصْبًا، فَقَالَ: مَهْ يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ قُلْتُ: قَدْ فَعَلْتُ، قَالَ: فَمَا قَالَ ؟ قَالَ: أَمَا إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَخْرُجْ مِنَ السِّجْنِ حَتَّى نَدِمَ عَلَى مَقَالَتِهِ، قَالَ يَزِيدُ: مَا نَدِمْتُ عَلَى مَقَالَتِي، وَايْمُ اللهِ لَقَدْ قُمْتُ مَقَامًا أُخْطِرُ فِيهِ بِنَفْسِي، قَالَ يَزِيدُ: أَتَيْتُ الْحَسَنَ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ، عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ نُغْلَبُ، فَنُغْلَبُ عَلَى صَلَاتِنَا ؟ فَقَالَ: يَا عَبْدَ اللهِ، إِنَّكَ تُعَرِّضُ بِنَفْسِكَ لَهُمْ، ثُمَّ إِنَّكَ لَا تَصْنَعُ شَيْئًا، قَالَ: ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُ فَقَالَ لِي مِثْلَ مَقَالَتِهِ، فَقُمْتُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَالْحَكَمُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ يَخْطُبُ، فَقُلْتُ: الصَّلَاةَ رَحِمَكَ اللهُ، فَلَمَّا قُلْتُ ذَلِكَ احْتَوَشَنِي الرِّجَالُ، فَأَخَذُوا بِلِحْيَتِي، وَرَأْسِي، وَتَلْبِيَتِي، وَجَعَلُوا يَجِئُونَ بَطْنِي بِنِعَالِ سُيُوفِهِمْ، وَمَضَوْا بِي إِلَى نَحْوِ الْمَقْصُورَةِ، فَدَخَلْتُ، فَقُمْتُ بَيْنَ الْحَكَمِ وَهُوَ سَاكِتٌ، فَقَالَ: أَمَجْنُونٌ أَنْتَ ؟ أَوَمَا كُنَّا فِي صَلَاةٍ ؟ فَقُلْتُ: أَصْلَحَ اللهُ الْأَمِيرَ هَلْ مِنْ كَلَامٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ؟ قَالَ: لَا، قُلْتُ: أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا نَشَرَ مُصْحَفًا يَقْرَؤُهُ غُدْوَةً إِلَى اللَّيْلِ، أَكَانَ ذَلِكَ قَاضِيًا عَنْهُ صَلَاتَهُ ؟ قَالَ: وَاللهِ إِنِّي لَأَحْسَبُكَ مَجْنُونًا، قَالَ: وَأَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ جَالِسٌ تَحْتَ مِنْبَرِهِ سَاكِتٌ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَنَسُ !، يَا أَبَا حَمْزَةَ، أَنْشُدُكَ اللهَ تَعَالَى فَقَدْ خَدَمْتَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَصَحِبْتَهُ، أَبِمَعْرُوفٍ قُلْتُ أَمْ بِمُنْكَرٍ ؟ أَبِحَقٍّ قُلْتُ أَمْ بِبَاطِلٍ ؟ قَالَ: فَلَا وَاللهِ مَا أَجَابَنِي بِكَلِمَةٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ: يَا أَنَسُ، قَالَ: لَبَّيْكَ، أَصْلَحَكَ اللهُ، قَالَ: أَكَانَ وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ قَدْ ذَهَبَ ؟ قَالَ: بَلْ بَقِيَ بَقِيَّةٌ، فَقَالَ الْحَكَمُ: احْبِسُوهُ. قَالَ يَزِيدُ: فَأُقْسِمُ لَكَ يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ، لَمَا لَقِيتُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِي كَانَ أَشَدَّ عَلَيَّ مِمَّا لَقِيتُ مِنَ الْحَكَمِ، قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: مُرَائِي، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: مَجْنُونٌ، قَالَ: وَكَتَبَ الْحَكَمُ إِلَى الْحَجَّاجِ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي ضَبَّةَ قَامَ إِلَيَّ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَأَنَا أَخْطُبُ، فَقَالَ: الصَّلَاةَ، وَقَدْ شَهِدَ عِنْدِي الْعُدُولُ أَنَّهُ مَجْنُونٌ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ الْحَجَّاجُ، إِنْ شَهِدَ الشُّهُودُ الْعُدُولُ أَنَّهُ مَجْنُونٌ فَخَلِّ سَبِيلَهُ، وَإِلَّا فَاقْطَعْ يَدَيْهِ وَرِجْلَيْهِ، وَسَمِّرْ عَيْنَيْهِ، وَاصْلُبْهُ، قَالَ: فَشَهِدُوا عِنْدَ الْحَكَمِ أَنِّي مَجْنُونٌ، فَخَلَّى عَنِّي. قَالَ الْمُعَلَّى: عَنْ يَزِيدَ الضَّبِّيِّ، ثُمَّ مَاتَ أَخٌ لَنَا فَتَبِعْنَا جِنَازَتَهُ، فَصَلَّيْنَا عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا دُفِنَ تَنَحَّيْتُ فِي عِصَابَةٍ، فَذَكَرْنَا اللهَ تَعَالَى عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَذَكَرْنَا مَعَادَنَا، فَإِنَّا لَكَذَلِكَ إِذْ رَأَيْنَا نَوَاصِيَ الْخَيْلِ وَالْحِرَابَ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ أَصْحَابِي تَفَرَّقُوا وَتَرَكُونِي وَحْدِي، فَجَاءَ الْحَكَمُ حَتَّى وَقَفَ عَلَيَّ، فَقَالَ: مَا كُنْتُمْ تَصْنَعُونَ ؟ قُلْتُ: أَصْلَحَ اللهُ الْأَمِيرَ، مَاتَ صَاحِبٌ لَنَا، فَصَلَّيْنَا عَلَيْهِ وَدَفَنَّاهُ وَقَعَدْنَا نَذْكُرُ رَبَّنَا، وَنَذْكُرُ مَعَادَنَا، وَنَذْكُرُ مَا صَارَ إِلَيْهِ، قَالَ: مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَفِرَّ كَمَا فَرُّوا ؟ قُلْتُ: أَصْلَحَكَ اللهُ، أَنَا أَبْرَأُ سَاحَةً مِنْ ذَلِكَ، أَوَمِنَ الْأَمِيرِ أَفِرُّ ؟ فَسَكَتَ الْحَكَمُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ الْمُهَلَّبِ - كَانَ عَلَى شُرْطَتِهِ -: أَتَدْرِي مَنْ هَذَا ؟ قَالَ: لَا، قَالَ: هَذَا الْمُتَكَلِّمُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ، قَالَ: فَغَضِبَ الْحَكَمُ، وَقَالَ: أَمَا إِنَّكَ لَجَرِيءٌ، خُذْهُ، فَأُخِذْتُ، فَضَرَبَنِي أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ سَوْطٍ، فَمَا دَرَيْتُ مَتَى تَرَكَنِي مِنْ شِدَّةِ مَا ضَرَبَنِي، قَالَ: وَبَعَثَ بِي إِلَى وَاسِطَ، فَكُنْتُ فِي دِيمَاسِ الْحَجَّاجِ حَتَّى مَاتَ الْحَجَّاجُ

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. Abū Yaʿlá
  2. Qaṭan b. Nusayr
  3. Jaʿfar b. Sulaymān
  4. al-Muʿallá b. Ziyād

✧ When Yazid b. al-Muhallab defeated the people of Basrah, I feared to sit in al-Hasan's circle, lest I be found there and recognized. So I went to al-Hasan in his house and entered upon him. I said: "O Abu Sa'id, what about this verse?" He said: "Which verse?" I said: "The saying of Him, Mighty and Majestic: 'They used not to forbid one another from wrongdoing that they did' (Al-Ma'idah 5:79)." He said: "O Abdullah, the people drew the sword, and the sword intervened to prevent speech." I said: "O Abu Sa'id, do you know of any virtue for one who speaks?" He said: "No." Al-Mu'alla said: Then he narrated two hadiths. He said: "Abu Sa'id narrated to us from the Prophet ﷺ that he said: 'Let not the fear of people prevent any of you from speaking the truth when he sees it, for it does not bring death nearer nor drive provision away.'" He said: Then al-Hasan narrated another hadith and said: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'It is not for a believer to humiliate himself.' It was said: 'And what is his humiliating himself?' He said: 'He exposes himself to tribulation that he cannot bear.'" It was said: "O Abu Sa'id, and Yazid al-Dabbi in his speech during the prayer?" He said: "Indeed, he did not leave prison until he regretted." Al-Mu'alla said: So I got up from al-Hasan's gathering and went to Yazid al-Dabbi. I said: "O Abu Mawdud, while I and al-Hasan were discussing, you set your affair before us." He said: "Enough, O Abu al-Hasan." I said: "I have done so." He said: "So what did he say?" I said: "Indeed, he did not leave prison until he regretted his statement." Yazid said: "I do not regret my statement. By Allah, I stood in a position in which I risked my life." Yazid said: "I came to al-Hasan and said: 'O Abu Sa'id, will we be overcome in everything, and be overcome in our prayer?' He said: 'O Abdullah, you are exposing yourself to them, and then you will accomplish nothing.'" He said: "Then I came to him and he said to me the same as his previous statement. So I stood up on Friday in the mosque while al-Hakam b. Ayyub was delivering the sermon, and I said: 'The prayer, may Allah have mercy on you.' When I said that, men surrounded me, seized my beard, my head, and my collar, and began striking my belly with the scabbards of their swords. They took me toward the enclosure. I entered and stood before al-Hakam while he was silent. He said: 'Are you mad? Were we not in prayer?' I said: 'May Allah set the amir right, is there any speech better than the Book of Allah, Mighty and Majestic?' He said: 'No.' I said: 'Have you considered if a man spread out a mushaf and read it from morning to night, would that discharge his prayer?' He said: 'By Allah, I think you are mad.' He said: 'And Anas b. Malik was sitting beneath his minbar, silent. So I said: "O Anas! O Abu Hamzah, I adjure you by Allah, Exalted is He, for you served the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and accompanied him. Did I speak with what is right or with what is wrong? With truth or with falsehood?"' He said: 'No, by Allah, he did not answer me with a word.' So al-Hakam b. Ayyub said to him: 'O Anas.' He said: 'At your service, may Allah set you right.' He said: 'Had the time of prayer passed?' He said: 'Rather, some of it remained.' So al-Hakam said: 'Imprison him.'" Yazid said: "I swear to you, O Abu al-Hasan, what I met from my companions was harder on me than what I met from al-Hakam. Some of them said: 'He is a hypocrite,' and some said: 'He is mad.'" He said: "Al-Hakam wrote to al-Hajjaj that a man from Banu Dabbah stood up to me on Friday while I was delivering the sermon, and said: 'The prayer,' and that just witnesses have testified before me that he is mad. So al-Hajjaj wrote to him: 'If the just witnesses testify that he is mad, then release him; otherwise, cut off his hands and feet, gouge out his eyes with hot iron, and crucify him.'" He said: "So they testified before al-Hakam that I was mad, and he released me." Al-Mu'alla said, from Yazid al-Dabbi: "Then a brother of ours died, and we followed his funeral procession and prayed over him. When he was buried, I withdrew with a group, and we remembered Allah, Mighty and Majestic, and remembered our return to Him. While we were doing that, we saw the forelocks of horses and spears. When my companions saw that, they dispersed and left me alone. Al-Hakam came and stood over me. He said: 'What were you doing?' I said: 'May Allah set the amir right, a companion of ours died, and we prayed over him, buried him, and sat remembering our Lord, remembering our return to Him, and remembering what he has come to.' He said: 'What prevented you from fleeing as they fled?' I said: 'May Allah set you right, I am innocent of that. Would I flee from the amir?' Al-Hakam was silent. Then Abdul-Malik b. al-Muhallab, who was in charge of his police, said to him: 'Do you know who this is?' He said: 'No.' He said: 'This is the one who spoke on Friday.' He said: 'Al-Hakam became angry and said: "You are indeed bold. Seize him."' So I was seized, and he flogged me with four hundred lashes. I did not know when he left me because of the severity of the beating. He said: 'And he sent me to Wasit, and I remained in al-Hajjaj's dungeon until al-Hajjaj died.'"

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