al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 5230
✧ The conquest of Alexandria
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قَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى: حَدَّثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ بَقِيَّةَ، ثَنَا خَالِدٌ - هُوَ الطَّحَّانُ - عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِيهِ - هُوَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ وَقَّاصٍ - عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ ؓ:
خَرَجَ جَيْشٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنَا أَمِيرُهُمْ، حَتَّى نَزَلْنَا الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةَ، فَقَالَ عَظِيمٌ مِنْ عُظَمَائِهِمْ: أَخْرِجُوا إِلَيَّ رَجُلًا أُكَلِّمُهُ وَيُكَلِّمُنِي، فَقُلْتُ: لَا يَخْرُجُ إِلَيْهِ غَيْرِي، فَخَرَجْتُ مَعِي بِتُرْجُمَانٍ، وَمَعَهُ تُرْجُمَانُهُ، حَتَّى وُضِعَ لَنَا مِنْبَرَانِ. فَقَالَ: مَا أَنْتُمْ ؟ قُلْنَا: نَحْنُ الْعَرَبُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّوْكِ وَالْقَرَظِ، وَنَحْنُ أَهْلُ بَيْتِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، كُنَّا أَضْيَقَ النَّاسِ أَرْضًا، وَشَرَّهُ عَيْشًا، نَأْكُلُ الْمَيْتَةَ وَالدَّمَ، وَيُغِيرُ بَعْضُنَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ، كُنَّا بِشَرِّ عَيْشٍ عَاشَ بِهِ النَّاسُ، حَتَّى خَرَجَ فِينَا رَجُلٌ لَيْسَ بِأَعْظَمِنَا يَوْمَئِذٍ شَرَفًا، وَلَا أَكْثَرِنَا مَالًا، قَالَ: أَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ إِلَيْكُمْ، يَأْمُرُنَا بِمَا لَا نَعْرِفُ، وَيَنْهَانَا عَمَّا كُنَّا عَلَيْهِ وَكَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ آبَاؤُنَا، فَشَنَّعْنَا بِهِ، وَكَذَّبْنَا، وَرَدَدْنَا عَلَيْهِ مَقَالَتَهُ، حَتَّى خَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ قَوْمٌ مِنْ غَيْرِنَا، فَقَالُوا: نَحْنُ نُصَدِّقُكَ، وَنُؤْمِنُ بِكَ، وَنَتَّبِعُكَ، وَنُقَاتِلُ مَنْ قَاتَلَكَ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَخَرَجْنَا إِلَيْهِ، وَقَاتَلَنَا وَقَاتَلْنَاهُ، فَقَتَلَنَا، وَظَهَرَ عَلَيْنَا وَغَلَبَنَا، وَتَنَاوَلَ مَنْ يَلِيهِ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ حَتَّى ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَلَوْ يَعْلَمُ مَنْ وَرَائِي مِنَ الْعَرَبِ مَا أَنْتُمْ فِيهِ مِنَ الْعَيْشِ لَمْ يَبْقَ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا جَاءَكُمْ حَتَّى يَشْرَكَكُمْ فِيمَا أَنْتُمْ فِيهِ مِنَ الْعَيْشِ، فَضَحِكَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَكُمْ قَدْ صَدَقَ، وَقَدْ جَاءَتْنَا رُسُلُنَا بِمِثْلِ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ رَسُولُكُمْ، وَكُنَّا عَلَيْهِ، حَتَّى ظَهَرَتْ فِينَا مُلُوكٌ، فَجَعَلُوا يَعْمَلُونَ فِينَا بِأَهْوَائِهِمْ، وَيَتْرُكُونَ أَمْرَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، فَإِنْ أَنْتُمْ أَخَذْتُمْ بِأَمْرِ نَبِيِّكُمْ لَمْ يُقَاتِلْكُمْ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا غَلَبْتُمُوهُ، وَلَمْ يُشَارِفْكُمْ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا ظَهَرْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ، فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُمْ مِثْلَ الَّذِي فَعَلْنَا، فَتَرَكْتُمْ أَمْرَ نَبِيِّكُمْ، وَعَمِلْتُمْ مِثْلَ الَّذِي عَمِلُوا بِأَهْوَائِهِمْ، فَخُلِّيَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ، لَمْ تَكُونُوا أَكْثَرَ عَدَدًا مِنَّا، وَلَا أَشَدَّ قُوَّةً مِنَّا، قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ ؓ: فَمَا كَلَّمْتُ رَجُلًا قَطُّ أَمْكَرَ مِنْهُ
Translation
Chain of narrators
- Abū Yaʿlá
- And Hb b. Baqiyyah
- Khālid
- al-Ṭaḥḥān
- Muḥammad b. ʿAmr
- his father
- ʿAmr b. ʿAlqamah b. Waqqāṣ
- his father
- ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ
✧ An army of the Muslims went out with me as their commander until we encamped at Alexandria. A great man among their great ones said, 'Bring out to me a man whom I may speak with and who may speak with me.' I said, 'None shall go out to him except me.' So I went out with an interpreter, and he had his interpreter, until two pulpits were set up for us. He said, 'What are you?' We said, 'We are Arabs, people of thorns and acacia, and we are the people of the House of God, Mighty and Majestic. We were the narrowest of people in land and the worst in livelihood. We ate carrion and blood, and raided one another. We lived the worst life people ever lived, until a man emerged among us who was not the greatest of us that day in nobility, nor the wealthiest. He said, "I am the Messenger of God to you." He commanded us what we did not know and forbade us what we and our fathers had been upon. We reviled him, disbelieved him, and rejected his statement, until a people other than us went out to him and said, "We believe you, we have faith in you, we follow you, and we will fight whoever fights you." He went out to them and we went out against him. He fought us and we fought him. He killed us, prevailed over us, and overcame us. Then he turned to the Arabs near him and fought them until he prevailed over them. If those behind me of the Arabs knew what you are in of life, not one would remain except he would come to you and share with you in what you have of life.' He laughed, then said, 'Your messenger has spoken the truth. Our messengers came to us with the like of what your Messenger brought, and we were upon it, until kings appeared among us. They acted among us according to their whims and abandoned the command of the prophets. If you take up the command of your Prophet, no one will fight you except you will overcome him, and no one will oppose you except you will prevail over him. But if you do like what we did, abandon the command of your Prophet, and act like they did according to their whims, then we and you will be left alone; you will not be more numerous than us, nor stronger than us.' Amr b. al-As ؓ said, 'I have never spoken to a man more cunning than him.'
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What scholars said about it
In their own words, as Hadith Unlocked records them. They are shown, not summarised into a grade.
- Abū al-Ḥasan Nur al-Dīn ʿAlī b. Abi Bakr al-Haythamī
فيه محمد بن عمرو بن علقمة وهو حسن الحديث وبقية رجاله ثقات
in المطالب العالية, p. 5230
Other narrations of this report
Narrators
- the well-known Companion (al-ṣaḥābī al-mashhūr)d. Muḥammad b. al-Muthannā and others said: 42 AH. Ibn Yūnus and others said: 43 AH. Abū Sulaymān b. Zabr said: 48 AH. Al-Haytham b. ʿAdī said: 51 AH. Ṭalḥah al-Kūfī said: 58 AH. And from Ḍamrah b. Rabīʿah: 61 AH, or 62 AH. And it is a clear errorعَمْرُو بْن الْعَاص بْن وَائِل السَّهْمِيّالصحابي المشهورقال
- trustworthy, precise (thiqah thabt)d. during the caliphate of ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwānجَدِّهِثقة ثبتعن
- acceptable (maqbūl)عَمْرُو بْنُ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ وَقَّاصٍمقبولعن
- Truthful (ṣadūq) with some errors (awhām)d. 144 AH, or 145 AHمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍوصدوق له أوهامعن
- trustworthy (thiqah), firm (thabt).d. 179 AH, or 182 AH, also said: 183 AH.خَالِدٌ - هُوَ الطَّحَّانُثقة ثبت.حدثنا
- trustworthy (thiqah)d. 239 AHوَهْبُ بْنُ بَقِيَّةَثقةحدثنا
- d. 307 AHأَبُو يَعْلَى
Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com
Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.