al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 5222
✧ The beginning of trials and the story of the succession of Uthman b. Affan ᴿᴬ
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وَقَالَ الْحَارِثُ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ هَاشِمُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ، ثَنَا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَهُ، عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ ؓ، قَالَ:
لَمَّا كَانَتِ اللَّيْلَةُ الَّتِي فِي صَبِيحَتِهَا يَفْرُغُ النَّفَرُ الَّذِينَ اسْتَخْلَفَهُمْ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ مِنَ الْخِلَافَةِ، صَلَّيْتُ الْعِشَاءَ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفْتُ إِلَى مَنْزِلِي فَنِمْتُ، فَأَيْقَظَنِي مِنَ النَّوْمِ صَوْتُ خَالِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ رَحْمَةُ اللهِ عَلَيْهِ، يَا مِسْوَرُ، قَالَ: فَخَرَجْتُ مُشْتَمِلًا بِثَوْبِي، قَالَ: أَنِمْتَ ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، قَدْ نِمْتُ. قَالَ: خُذْ عَلَيْكَ ثَوْبَكَ ثُمَّ الْحَقْنِي إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ، فَفَعَلْتُ. فَلَمَّا انْتَهَيْتُ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ لِي: ادْعُ لِيَ الزُّبَيْرَ وَسَعْدًا أَوْ أَحَدَهُمَا، فَانْطَلَقْتُ فَدَعَوْتُهُ، فَلَمَّا انْتَهَيْتُ بِهِ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ: اسْتَأْخِرْ عَنَّا قَدْرَ مَا لَا تَسْمَعُ كَلَامَنَا. قَالَ: فَفَعَلْتُ فَتَنَاجَيَا شَيْئًا يَسِيرًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: ادْعُ لِيَ الْآخَرَ، فَلَمَّا انْتَهَيْتُ بِهِ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ: اسْتَأْخِرْ عَنَّا قَدْرَ مَا لَا تَسْمَعُ كَلَامَنَا. قَالَ: فَتَنَاجَيَا شَيْئًا يَسِيرًا، ثُمَّ نَادَى: يَا مِسْوَرُ، اذْهَبْ فَادْعُ لِيَ عَلِيًّا، وَذَلِكَ حِينَ ذَهَبَتْ فَحْمَةُ الْعِشَاءِ. قَالَ: فَجِئْتُ بِعَلِيٍّ، فَقَالَ: اسْتَأْخِرْ عَنَّا قَدْرَ مَا لَا تَسْمَعُ كَلَامَنَا. قَالَ: فَلَمْ يَزَالَا يَتَكَلَّمَانِ مِنَ الْعِشَاءِ حَتَّى كَانَ السَّحَرُ، إِلَّا أَنَّنِي لَمْ أَسْمَعْ مِنْ فِيهِمَا مَا أَظُنُّنِي أَنَّهُمَا قَدْ أَقْبَلَا. فَلَمَّا كَانَ السَّحَرُ، نَادَانِي وَعَلِيٌّ ؓ عِنْدَهُ، فَقَالَ: اذْهَبْ فَادْعُ لِيَ عُثْمَانَ ؓ، قَالَ: فَفَعَلْتُ. فَتَنَاجَيَا، وَأَذَّنَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ بِالصُّبْحِ، قَالَ: فَتَفَرَّقُوا لِلْوُضُوءِ، وَقَدْ عَلِمَ النَّاسُ أَنَّهَا صَبِيحَةُ الْخِلَافَةِ، فَاجْتَمَعُوا لِلصُّبْحِ، كَمَا يَجْتَمِعُونَ لِلْجُمُعَةِ، فَأَمَرَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ ؓ النَّفَرَ أَنْ يَجْلِسُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الْمِنْبَرِ، فَلَمَّا أَبْصَرَ النَّاسُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا وَطَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ قَامَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ ؓ إِلَى جَنْبِ الْمِنْبَرِ، فَحَمِدَ اللهَ تَعَالَى وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ بِمَا هُوَ أَهْلُهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، قَدْ عَلِمْتُمُ الَّذِي كَانَ مِنْ وَفَاةِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَاسْتِخْلَافِهِ إِيَّانَا أَيُّهَا النَّفَرُ، وَرَضِيَ أَصْحَابِي أَنَّ ذَلِكَ إِلَيَّ، فَأَخْتَارُ رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ هُمْ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيكُمْ، ثُمَّ اسْتَقْبَلَهُمْ رَجُلًا رَجُلًا، فَقَالَ: أَيْ فُلَانُ، عَلَيْكَ عَهْدُ اللهِ وَمِيثَاقُهُ لَتَسْمَعَنَّ وَلَتُطِيعَنَّ لِمَنْ وَلَّيْتُ وَلَتَرْضَيَنَّ وَلَتُسَلِّمَنَّ ؟ فَيَقُولُ: نَعَمْ، رَافِعًا صَوْتَهُ يُسْمِعُ النَّاسَ، حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنْهُمْ رَجُلًا رَجُلًا: عُثْمَانُ وَعَلِيٌّ وَالزُّبَيْرُ وَسَعْدٌ ؓ. قَالَ: أَمَّا طَلْحَةُ فَأَنَا حَمِيلٌ بِرِضَاهُ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنِّي لَمْ أَزَلْ دَئِبًا مُنْذُ ثَلَاثٍ أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ النَّفَرِ، ثُمَّ سَأَلْتُهُمْ عَنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ، فَوَجَدْتُكُمْ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ وَإِيَّاهُمُ اجْتَمَعْتُمْ عَلَى عُثْمَانَ ؓ، قُمْ يَا عُثْمَانُ، فَلَمْ يَقُلْ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَلَا الْأَنْصَارِ وَلَا وُفُودِ الْعَرَبِ وَلَا صَالِحِي النَّاسِ: إِنَّكَ لَمْ تَسْتَشِرْنَا، وَلَمْ تَسْتَأْمِرْنَا، فَرَضُوا وَسَلَّمُوا، فَلَبِثُوا سِتَّ سِنِينَ لَا يَعِيبُونَ شَيْئًا. قَالَ: كَانَ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ يُفَضِّلُونَهُ عَلَى عُمَرَ ؓ، يَقُولُونَ: الْعَدْلُ مِثْلُ عُمَرَ، وَاللِّينُ أَلْيَنُ مِنْ عُمَرَ، ثُمَّ حَدَثَ مَا حَدَثَ
Translation
Chain of narrators
- al-Ḥārith
- Abū al-Naḍr Hāshim b. al-Qāsim
- al-Layth b. Saʿd
- ʿUbaydullāh b. ʿUmar
- Ibn Shihāb
- al-Miswar b. Makhramah
✧ On the night whose morning the group whom Umar ibn al-Khattab ؓ had appointed as successors would finish the matter of the caliphate, I prayed Isha and then went to my home and slept. My maternal uncle Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, may Allah have mercy on him, woke me from sleep, saying: 'O Miswar.' He said: I came out wrapped in my garment. He said: 'Did you sleep?' I said: 'Yes, I slept.' He said: 'Take your garment and join me at the mosque.' I did so. When I reached him, he said to me: 'Call for me al-Zubayr and Sa'd, or one of them.' I went and called him. When I brought him to him, he said: 'Stay back from us enough that you do not hear our conversation.' He said: I did so, and they conversed privately a little. Then he said: 'Call for me the other one.' When I brought him to him, he said: 'Stay back from us enough that you do not hear our conversation.' He said: They conversed privately a little. Then he called: 'O Miswar, go and call Ali for me,' and that was when the darkness of Isha had passed. He said: I brought Ali, and he said: 'Stay back from us enough that you do not hear our conversation.' He said: They continued talking from Isha until it was the time of sahur, except that I did not hear from their mouths what I thought they had turned to. When it was sahur, he called me while Ali ؓ was with him, and said: 'Go and call Uthman ؓ for me.' He said: I did so. They conversed privately, and the mu'adhdhin called the adhan for Fajr. He said: They dispersed for ablution, and the people knew that it was the morning of the caliphate, so they gathered for Fajr as they gather for Friday prayer. Abd al-Rahman ؓ ordered the group to sit before the minbar. When the people saw one another and the sun rose, Abd al-Rahman ؓ stood by the minbar, praised Allah Almighty and extolled Him as He deserves, then said: 'O people, you know of the death of the Commander of the Faithful and his appointing us, the group, and my companions agreed that the matter be referred to me, so I choose a man from among them, and these are before you.' Then he faced them one by one and said: 'O so-and-so, upon you is the covenant and pledge of Allah: will you listen and obey the one I appoint, and be content and surrender?' He would say: 'Yes,' raising his voice so the people could hear, until he finished with them one by one: Uthman, Ali, al-Zubayr, and Sa'd ؓ. He said: 'As for Talha, I am a guarantor for his consent.' Then he said: 'I have not ceased toiling for three days asking you about these people, then I asked them about themselves, and I found you, O people, and them united upon Uthman ؓ. Rise, O Uthman.' No man among the Muhajirun, the Ansar, the Arab delegations, or the righteous people said: 'You did not consult us or seek our command.' They were content and surrendered, and they remained six years without criticizing anything. He said: A group of them used to prefer him over Umar ؓ, saying: 'Justice like Umar, and gentleness softer than Umar,' then what happened happened.
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- Dāraquṭnī
والأشبه بالصواب قول من قال عن الزهري عن حميد عن المسور
machine translationThe most likely to be correct is the statement of those who said: from al-Zuhrī, from Ḥumayd, from al-Miswar.
in المطالب العالية, p. 5222
Narrators
- One of the ten (promised Paradise)d. 31 AH, or 32 AH, also said: 33 AHعَبْد الرَّحْمَن بْن عَوْف بْن عَبْد عَوْف القُرَشِيأحد العشرةفي حكم العنعنة
- He and his father were Companions (ṣuḥbah).d. 64 AH, or: 65 AH, also said: 70 AH; also said: 71 AH, also said: 72 AH, also said: 73 AH, also said: 74 AHالْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَله ولأبيه صحبةعن
- The jurist and memorizer (ḥāfiẓ), whose eminence, precision and reliability are agreed upond. Ḍamrah b. Rabīʿah and others said: 123 AH. The nephew of al-Zuhrī and others said: 124 AH. Ibn Yūnus and others said: 125 AHابْنِ شِهَابٍالفقيه الحافظ ، متفق على جلالته وإتقانه وثبتهحدثه
- trustworthy, precise (thiqah thabt)d. 144 AH or 145 AH or 146 AH or 147 AHعُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَثقة ثبتعن
- Trustworthy (thiqah), reliable (thabt), a jurist (faqīh), a well-known imamd. 175 AH, or 176 AH, or 177 AHاللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍثقة ثبت ، فقيه إمام مشهورحدثنا
- trustworthy, precise (thiqah thabt)d. 205 AH, or: 207 AHأَبُو النَّضْرِ هَاشِمُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِثقة ثبتحدثنا
- d. 279 AH or 282 AHالْحَارِثُ
Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com
Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.