Dalil
العربية

al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 2502

✧ Disapproval of leadership for one not capable of it

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قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ: أَخْبَرَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ، وَجَرِيرٌ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ الطَّائِيِّ، قَالَ:

لَمَّا كَانَتْ غَزْوَةُ ذَاتِ السَّلَاسِلِ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ جَيْشًا وَأَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ ؓ، وَفِيهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ، وَهِيَ الْغَزْوَةُ الَّتِي يَفْتَخِرُ بِهَا أَهْلُ الشَّامِ، يَقُولُونَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ اسْتَعْمَلَ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ ؓ عَلَى جَيْشٍ فِيهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَسْتَنْفِرُوا مَنْ مَرُّوا بِهِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَمَرُّوا بِنَا فِي دَارِنَا فَاسْتَنْفَرُونَا فَنَفَرْنَا مَعَهُمْ، فَقُلْتُ: لَأَتَخَيَّرَنَّ لِنَفْسِي رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَخْدُمُهُ وَأَتَعَلَّمُ مِنْهُ، فَإِنِّي لَسْتُ أَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ آتِيَ الْمَدِينَةَ كُلَّمَا شِئْتُ، فَتَخَيَّرْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ فَصَحِبْتُهُ، وَكَانَ لَهُ كِسَاءٌ فَدَكِيٌّ نَحُلُّهُ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا رَكِبَ، نَلْبَسُهُ جَمِيعًا إِذَا نَزَلْنَا، وَهُوَ الْكِسَاءُ الَّذِي عَيَّرَتْهُ بِهِ هَوَازِنُ فَقَالُوا: ذَا الْجِلَالِ نُتَابِعُ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا قَضَيْنَا غَزَاتَنَا رَجَعْنَا وَلَمْ أَسْأَلْهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ، قُلْتُ لَهُ: إِنِّي قَدْ صَحِبْتُكَ وَلِي عَلَيْكَ حَقٌّ، وَلَمْ أَسْأَلْكَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ، فَعَلِّمْنِي مَا يَنْفَعُنِي ; فَإِنِّي لَسْتُ أَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ آتِيَ الْمَدِينَةَ كُلَّ سَبْتٍ. قَالَ ؓ: قَدْ كَانَ فِي نَفْسِي ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَذْكُرَهُ لِي، اعْبُدِ اللهَ لَا تُشْرِكْ بِهِ شَيْئًا، وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ، وَآتِ الزَّكَاةَ الْمَفْرُوضَةَ، وَحُجَّ الْبَيْتَ، وَصُمْ رَمَضَانَ، وَلَا تَأَمَّرَنَّ عَلَى رَجُلَيْنِ. قُلْتُ: أَمَّا الصَّلَاةُ وَالزَّكَاةُ فَقَدْ عَرَفْتُهَا، وَأَمَّا الْإِمَارَةُ فَإِنَّمَا يُصِيبُ النَّاسُ الْخَيْرَ مِنَ الْإِمَارَةِ. قَالَ: إِنَّكَ قَدِ اسْتَجْهَدْتَنِي فَجَهَدْتُ لَكَ، إِنَّ النَّاسَ دَخَلُوا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ طَوْعًا وَكَرْهًا فَأَجَارَهُمُ اللهُ مِنَ الظُّلْمِ، فَهُمْ عُوَّاذُ اللهِ، وَجِيرَانُ اللهِ، وَفِي ذِمَّةِ اللهِ وَمَنْ يَظْلِمْ أَحَدًا مِنْهُمْ، فَإِنَّمَا يَخْفِرُ رَبَّهُ، وَاللهِ إِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ لَتُؤْخَذُ شَاةُ جَارِهِ أَوْ بَعِيرُهُ فَيَظَلُّ بَاقِيَ عَفَلَتِهِ غَضَبًا لِجَارِهِ، وَاللهُ مِنْ وَرَاءِ جَارِهِ. فَلَمَّا رَجَعْنَا إِلَى دِيَارِنَا وَقُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَبَايَعَ النَّاسُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ وَاسْتُخْلِفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ، فَقُلْتُ: مَنِ اسْتُخْلِفَ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ ؟ قَالُوا: صَاحِبُكَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ. فَأَتَيْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَلَمْ أَزَلْ أَتَعَرَّضُ لَهُ حَتَّى وَجَدْتُهُ خَالِيًا، فَأَخَذْتُ بِيَدِهِ، فَقُلْتُ: أَمَا تَعْرِفُنِي ؟ أَنَا صَاحِبُكَ. قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قُلْتُ: أَمَا تَحْفَظُ مَا قُلْتَ لِي لَا تَأَمَّرَنَّ عَلَى رَجُلَيْنِ، وَتَأَمَّرْتَ عَلَى النَّاسِ ؟ قَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ تُوُفِّيَ وَالنَّاسُ حَدِيثُ عَهْدٍ بِجَاهِلِيَّةٍ، وَحَمَلَنِي أَصْحَابِي وَخَشِيتُ أَنْ يَرْتَدُّوا فَوَاللهِ مَا زَالَ يَعْتَذِرُ حَتَّى عَذَرْتُهُ. وَزَادَ جَرِيرٌ فِيهِ: قَالَ: وَكُنْتُ أَسُوقُ الْغَنَمَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَلَمْ يَزَلِ الْأَمْرُ بِي حَتَّى صِرْتُ عَرِيفًا فِي إِمَارَةِ الْحَجَّاجِ،

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. Isḥāq
  2. ʿĪsá b. Yūnus And Jarīr
  3. al-Aʿmash
  4. Sulaymān b. Maysarah
  5. Ṭāriq b. Shihāb
  6. Rāfiʿ b. Abū Rāfiʿ al-Ṭāʾī

✧ During the expedition of Dhat al-Salasil, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent an army and appointed ‘Amr b. al-‘As ؓ over them, and Abu Bakr ؓ was among them. It was the expedition of which the people of Syria boast, saying: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ appointed ‘Amr b. al-‘As ؓ over an army that included Abu Bakr ؓ, and he ordered them to call to arms any Muslims they passed by. They passed by us at our home and called us to arms, so we went out with them. I said: I will choose for myself a man from the companions of the Prophet ﷺ to serve and learn from, for I cannot come to Madinah whenever I wish. So I chose Abu Bakr ؓ and accompanied him. He had a Fadak cloak that we would drape over him when he rode, and we would all wear it when we dismounted—the same cloak for which Hawazin reproached him, saying: This one with the large cloak—we are to follow him after the Messenger of Allah ﷺ? When we finished our expedition and returned, I had not asked him about anything. I said to him: I have accompanied you, and I have a right upon you, yet I have not asked you about anything. Teach me what will benefit me, for I cannot come to Madinah every week. He ؓ said: That was already on my mind before you mentioned it. Worship Allah and do not associate anything with Him, establish the obligatory prayer, give the prescribed zakat, perform pilgrimage to the House, fast Ramadan, and never take command over two men. I said: As for prayer and zakat, I know them. As for command, people only attain good through command. He said: You have pressed me, and I have exerted myself for you. People entered Islam willingly and unwillingly, and Allah gave them refuge from oppression. They are Allah's refugees, Allah's neighbors, and under Allah's protection. Whoever wrongs any of them breaks his covenant with his Lord. By Allah, if one of you loses a sheep or camel belonging to his neighbor, he remains angry for his neighbor's sake for the rest of his life, and Allah is behind his neighbor. When we returned to our homes, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away, and the people pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr ؓ, and Abu Bakr ؓ was appointed as successor. I said: Who was appointed successor after the Messenger of Allah ﷺ? They said: Your companion, Abu Bakr. So I came to Madinah and kept seeking him out until I found him alone. I took his hand and said: Do you not recognize me? I am your companion. He said: Yes. I said: Do you not remember what you told me: Never take command over two men—yet you have taken command over the people? He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ died while the people were still new to leaving the days of ignorance, and my companions placed this burden on me, and I feared they would apostatize. By Allah, he kept apologizing until I excused him. Jarir added in it: He said: In the days of ignorance I used to drive sheep, and the matter kept progressing with me until I became an ‘arif during the governorship of al-Hajjaj.

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