Dalil
العربية

al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1759

✧ Adjudication of Insolvency

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وَقَالَ إِسْحَاقُ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ:

كَانَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ ؓ رَجُلًا سَمْحًا شَابًّا جَمِيلًا، مِنْ أَفْضَلِ شَبَابِ قَوْمِهِ، وَكَانَ لَا يُمْسِكُ شَيْئًا، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَدَّانُ حَتَّى أَغْلَقَ مَالَهُ كُلَّهُ فِي الدَّيْنِ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَطَلَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يَسْأَلَ غُرَمَاءَهُ أَنْ يَضَعُوا لَهُ، فَأَبَوْا - فَلَوْ تَرَكُوا لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَحَدٍ تَرَكُوا لِمُعَاذٍ ؓ مِنْ أَجْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَبَاعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَالَهُ كُلَّهُ فِي دَيْنِهِ، حَتَّى قَامَ مُعَاذٌ ؓ بِغَيْرِ شَيْءٍ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ عَامُ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ بَعَثَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَى طَائِفَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ أَمِيرًا لِيَجْبُرَهُ، فَمَكَثَ مُعَاذٌ ؓ بِالْيَمَنِ أَمِيرًا - وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنِ اتَّجَرَ فِي مَالِ اللهِ تَعَالَى هُوَ - فَمَكَثَ حَتَّى أَصَابَ، وَحَتَّى قُبِضَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ قَالَ عُمَرُ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ: أَرْسِلْ إِلَى هَذَا الرَّجُلِ فَدَعْ لَهُ مَا يُعَيِّشُهُ، وَخُذْ سَائِرَهُ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ: إِنَّمَا بَعَثَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِيَجْبُرَهُ، وَلَسْتُ آخِذًا مِنْهُ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَنْ يُعْطِيَنِي، فَانْطَلَقَ عُمَرُ ؓ إِلَيْهِ، إِذْ لَمْ يُطِعْهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ لِمُعَاذٍ ؓ فَقَالَ مُعَاذٌ ؓ: أَنَا أَرْسَلَنِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِيَجْبُرَنِي، وَلَسْتُ بِفَاعِلٍ، ثُمَّ لَقِيَ مُعَاذٌ عُمَرَ ؓ فَقَالَ: قَدْ أَطَعْتُكَ، وَأَنَا فَاعِلٌ مَا أَمَرْتَنِي، إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ فِي الْمَنَامِ أَنِّي فِي حَوْمَةِ مَاءٍ، وَقَدْ خَشِيتُ الْغَرَقَ، فَخَلَّصْتَنِي مِنْهُ يَا عُمَرُ، فَأَتَى مُعَاذٌ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، وَحَلَفَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكْتُمْهُ شَيْئًا، حَتَّى تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ سَوْطُهُ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ: وَاللهِ لَا آخُذُهُ مِنْكَ، وَقَدْ وَهَبْتُهُ لَكَ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ: هَذَا حِينَ طَابَ وَحَلَّ، فَخَرَجَ مُعَاذٌ ؓ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى الشَّامِ

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. Isḥāq
  2. ʿAbd al-Razzāq
  3. Maʿmar
  4. al-Zuhrī
  5. ʿAbdullāh b. ʿAbd al-Raḥman b. Kaʿb b. Mālik

✧ Mu'adh b. Jabal ؓ was a generous, young, handsome man, one of the finest youths of his people. He would not hold onto anything, and he kept borrowing until he had consumed all his wealth in debt. He came to the Prophet ﷺ and asked him to request his creditors to reduce the debt for him, but they refused. If they would have left anything for anyone on account of anyone, they would have left it for Mu'adh ؓ on account of the Prophet ﷺ. So the Prophet ﷺ sold all his property to pay off his debt, until Mu'adh ؓ stood with nothing. Then, in the year of the conquest of Makkah, the Prophet ﷺ sent him as a governor over a group of the people of Yemen, to compensate him. Mu'adh ؓ remained in Yemen as a governor—and he was the first to trade with the wealth of Allah, the Exalted—and he remained until he acquired wealth, and until the Prophet ﷺ passed away. When he returned, 'Umar said to Abu Bakr ؓ: 'Send for this man and leave him what is enough for his living, and take the rest.' Abu Bakr ؓ said: 'The Prophet ﷺ sent him only to compensate him, and I will not take anything from him unless he gives it to me.' So 'Umar ؓ went to him, when Abu Bakr ؓ did not comply with him, and 'Umar mentioned that to Mu'adh ؓ. Mu'adh ؓ said: 'The Prophet ﷺ sent me to compensate me, and I will not do it.' Then Mu'adh met 'Umar ؓ and said: 'I have obeyed you, and I will do what you commanded me. I saw in a dream that I was in a pool of water and feared drowning, and you saved me from it, O 'Umar.' So Mu'adh came to Abu Bakr ؓ and mentioned that to him, and he swore that he had not hidden anything from him, until his whip was made clear to him. Abu Bakr ؓ said: 'By Allah, I will not take it from you; I have given it to you as a gift.' 'Umar ؓ said: 'Now it is good and lawful.' Then Mu'adh ؓ went out to Syria.

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