al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 1759
✧ Adjudication of Insolvency
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وَقَالَ إِسْحَاقُ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ:
كَانَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ ؓ رَجُلًا سَمْحًا شَابًّا جَمِيلًا، مِنْ أَفْضَلِ شَبَابِ قَوْمِهِ، وَكَانَ لَا يُمْسِكُ شَيْئًا، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَدَّانُ حَتَّى أَغْلَقَ مَالَهُ كُلَّهُ فِي الدَّيْنِ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَطَلَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يَسْأَلَ غُرَمَاءَهُ أَنْ يَضَعُوا لَهُ، فَأَبَوْا - فَلَوْ تَرَكُوا لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَحَدٍ تَرَكُوا لِمُعَاذٍ ؓ مِنْ أَجْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَبَاعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَالَهُ كُلَّهُ فِي دَيْنِهِ، حَتَّى قَامَ مُعَاذٌ ؓ بِغَيْرِ شَيْءٍ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ عَامُ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ بَعَثَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَى طَائِفَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ أَمِيرًا لِيَجْبُرَهُ، فَمَكَثَ مُعَاذٌ ؓ بِالْيَمَنِ أَمِيرًا - وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنِ اتَّجَرَ فِي مَالِ اللهِ تَعَالَى هُوَ - فَمَكَثَ حَتَّى أَصَابَ، وَحَتَّى قُبِضَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ قَالَ عُمَرُ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ: أَرْسِلْ إِلَى هَذَا الرَّجُلِ فَدَعْ لَهُ مَا يُعَيِّشُهُ، وَخُذْ سَائِرَهُ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ: إِنَّمَا بَعَثَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِيَجْبُرَهُ، وَلَسْتُ آخِذًا مِنْهُ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَنْ يُعْطِيَنِي، فَانْطَلَقَ عُمَرُ ؓ إِلَيْهِ، إِذْ لَمْ يُطِعْهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ لِمُعَاذٍ ؓ فَقَالَ مُعَاذٌ ؓ: أَنَا أَرْسَلَنِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِيَجْبُرَنِي، وَلَسْتُ بِفَاعِلٍ، ثُمَّ لَقِيَ مُعَاذٌ عُمَرَ ؓ فَقَالَ: قَدْ أَطَعْتُكَ، وَأَنَا فَاعِلٌ مَا أَمَرْتَنِي، إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ فِي الْمَنَامِ أَنِّي فِي حَوْمَةِ مَاءٍ، وَقَدْ خَشِيتُ الْغَرَقَ، فَخَلَّصْتَنِي مِنْهُ يَا عُمَرُ، فَأَتَى مُعَاذٌ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، وَحَلَفَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكْتُمْهُ شَيْئًا، حَتَّى تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ سَوْطُهُ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ: وَاللهِ لَا آخُذُهُ مِنْكَ، وَقَدْ وَهَبْتُهُ لَكَ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ: هَذَا حِينَ طَابَ وَحَلَّ، فَخَرَجَ مُعَاذٌ ؓ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى الشَّامِ
Translation
Chain of narrators
- Isḥāq
- ʿAbd al-Razzāq
- Maʿmar
- al-Zuhrī
- ʿAbdullāh b. ʿAbd al-Raḥman b. Kaʿb b. Mālik
✧ Mu'adh b. Jabal ؓ was a generous, young, handsome man, one of the finest youths of his people. He would not hold onto anything, and he kept borrowing until he had consumed all his wealth in debt. He came to the Prophet ﷺ and asked him to request his creditors to reduce the debt for him, but they refused. If they would have left anything for anyone on account of anyone, they would have left it for Mu'adh ؓ on account of the Prophet ﷺ. So the Prophet ﷺ sold all his property to pay off his debt, until Mu'adh ؓ stood with nothing. Then, in the year of the conquest of Makkah, the Prophet ﷺ sent him as a governor over a group of the people of Yemen, to compensate him. Mu'adh ؓ remained in Yemen as a governor—and he was the first to trade with the wealth of Allah, the Exalted—and he remained until he acquired wealth, and until the Prophet ﷺ passed away. When he returned, 'Umar said to Abu Bakr ؓ: 'Send for this man and leave him what is enough for his living, and take the rest.' Abu Bakr ؓ said: 'The Prophet ﷺ sent him only to compensate him, and I will not take anything from him unless he gives it to me.' So 'Umar ؓ went to him, when Abu Bakr ؓ did not comply with him, and 'Umar mentioned that to Mu'adh ؓ. Mu'adh ؓ said: 'The Prophet ﷺ sent me to compensate me, and I will not do it.' Then Mu'adh met 'Umar ؓ and said: 'I have obeyed you, and I will do what you commanded me. I saw in a dream that I was in a pool of water and feared drowning, and you saved me from it, O 'Umar.' So Mu'adh came to Abu Bakr ؓ and mentioned that to him, and he swore that he had not hidden anything from him, until his whip was made clear to him. Abu Bakr ؓ said: 'By Allah, I will not take it from you; I have given it to you as a gift.' 'Umar ؓ said: 'Now it is good and lawful.' Then Mu'adh ؓ went out to Syria.
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What scholars said about it
In their own words, as Hadith Unlocked records them. They are shown, not summarised into a grade.
- Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī
وقد خالف عبد الرزاق هشام بن يوسف فرواه عن معمر موصولا قال عن ابن كعب عن أبيه ورواه ابن المبارك عن معمر فأرسله
machine translationʿAbd al-Razzāq contradicted Hishām b. Yūsuf, for he narrated it from Maʿmar as connected (mawṣūl), saying: from Ibn Kaʿb, from his father. Ibn al-Mubārak narrated it from Maʿmar and transmitted it as a mursal report.
in المطالب العالية, p. 1759 - Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī
إسناده صحيح ولكنه مرسل
machine translationIts chain is sound (ṣaḥīḥ), but it is mursal.
in المطالب العالية, p. 1759
Other narrations of this report
Sunan Ibn Majah 2357Musannaf 'Abd al-Razzaq 15248al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Bayhaqi) 11378al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Bayhaqi) 11387
Narrators
- عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍعن
- The jurist and memorizer (ḥāfiẓ), whose eminence, precision and reliability are agreed upond. Ḍamrah b. Rabīʿah and others said: 123 AH. The nephew of al-Zuhrī and others said: 124 AH. Ibn Yūnus and others said: 125 AHالزُّهْرِيِّالفقيه الحافظ ، متفق على جلالته وإتقانه وثبتهعن
- Trustworthy (thiqah), reliable (thabt), excellent, except that there is some weakness in his narration from Thābit, al-Aʿmash, ʿĀṣim b. Abī al-Najūd and Hishām b. ʿUrwah, and likewise in what he narrated in Basrad. at the beginning of 150 AH, or: 152 AH, or: 153 AH, or: 154 AH, 155 AHمَعْمَرٌثقة ثبت فاضل ، إلا أن في روايته عن ثابت والأعمش وعاصم بن أبي النجود ، وهشام بن عروة شيئا ، وكذا فيما حدث به بالبصرةأنا
- Trustworthy (thiqah), a retentive memorizer (ḥāfiẓ), a renowned author (muṣannif); he went blind at the end of his life and his memory changed (taghayyara), and he had Shiite leanings (kāna yatashayyaʿ)d. 211 AHعَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِثقة حافظ مصنف شهير ، عمي في آخر عمره فتغير ، وكان يتشيعأخبرنا
- trustworthy, a memorizer, a mujtahid (thiqah ḥāfiẓ mujtahid)d. 237 AH, or 238 AHإِسْحَاقُثقة حافظ مجتهد
Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com
Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.