Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah 2184

✧ Group of Chapters on Actions That Invalidate the Fast of the Fasting Person

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أَنَّ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ عَبْدَةَ حَدَّثَنَا قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ الْجُرَيْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَتَى عَلَى نَهَرٍ مِنْ مَاءِ السَّمَاءِ فِي يَوْمٍ صَائِفٍ، وَالْمُشَاةُ كَثِيرٌ، وَالنَّاسُ صِيَامٌ، فَوَقَفَ عَلَيْهِ، فَإِذَا فِئَامٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، اشْرَبُوا فَجَعَلُوا يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ:

إِنِّي لَسْتُ مِثْلَكُمْ، إِنِّي رَاكِبٌ وَأَنْتُمْ مُشَاةٌ، وَإِنِّي أَيْسَرُكُمُ اشْرَبُوا، فَجَعَلُوا يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْهِ مَا يَصْنَعُ، فَلَمَّا أَبَوْا حَوَّلَ وَرِكَهُ فَنَزَلَ وَشَرِبَ وَشَرِبَ النَّاسُ. وَخَبَرُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ خَرَّجْتُهُمَا فِي كِتَابِ الصِّيَامِ فِي كِتَابِ الْكَبِيرِ. أَفَيَجُوزُ لِجَاهِلٍ أَنْ يَقُولَ: الشُّرْبُ جَائِزٌ لِلصَّائِمِ، وَلَا يُفْطِرُ الشُّرْبُ الصَّائِمَ ؟ إِذِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَدْ أَمَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ بِالشُّرْبِ، فَلَمَّا امْتَنَعُوا شَرِبَ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ، وَشَرِبُوا، فَمَنْ يَعْقِلُ الْعِلْمَ، وَيَفْهَمُ الْفِقْهَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَارَ مُضْطَرًّا وَأَصْحَابُهُ لِشُرْبِ الْمَاءِ، وَقَدْ كَانُوا نَوَوُا الصَّوْمَ، وَمَضَى بِهِمْ بَعْضُ النَّهَارِ، وَكَانَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يُفْطِرُوا، إِذْ كَانُوا فِي السَّفَرِ لَا فِي الْحَضَرِ، وَكَذَلِكَ كَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنْ يَحْتَجِمَ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ فِي السَّفَرِ وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْحِجَامَةُ تُفْطِرُ الصَّائِمَ؛ لِأَنَّ مَنْ جَازَ لَهُ الشُّرْبُ - وَإِنْ كَانَ الشُّرْبُ مُفْطِرًا - جَازَ لَهُ الْحِجَامَةُ - وَإِنْ كَانَ بِالْحِجَامَةِ مُفْطِرًا - فَأَمَّا مَا احْتَجَّ بِهِ بَعْضُ الْعِرَاقِيِّينَ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ أَنَّ الْفِطْرَ مِمَّا يَدْخُلُ، وَلَيْسَ مِمَّا يَخْرُجُ، فَهَذَا جَهْلٌ وَإِغْفَالٌ مِنْ قَائِلِهِ وَتَمْوِيهٌ عَلَى مَنْ لَا يُحْسِنُ الْعِلْمَ، وَلَا يَفْهَمُ الْفِقْهَ، وَهَذَا الْقَوْلُ مِنْ قَائِلِهِ خِلَافُ دَلِيلِ كِتَابِ اللهِ، وَخِلَافُ سُنَّةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَخِلَافُ قَوْلِ أَهْلِ الصَّلَاةِ مِنْ أَهْلِ اللهِ جَمِيعًا إِذَا جُعِلَتْ هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةُ عَلَى ظَاهِرِهَا قَدْ دَلَّ اللهُ فِي مُحْكَمِ تَنْزِيلِهِ أَنَّ الْمُبَاشَرَةَ هِيَ الْجِمَاعُ فِي نَهَارِ الصِّيَامِ، وَالنَّبِيُّ الْمُصْطَفَى ﷺ قَدْ أَوْجَبَ عَلَى الْمُجَامِعِ فِي رَمَضَانَ عِتْقَ رَقَبَةٍ إِنْ وَجَدَهَا، وَصِيَامَ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ إِنْ لَمْ يَجِدِ الرَّقَبَةَ، أَوْ إِطْعَامَ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا إِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِيعِ الصَّوْمَ، وَالْمُجَامِعُ لَا يَدْخُلُ جَوْفَهُ شَيْءٌ فِي الْجِمَاعِ، إِنَّمَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ مَنِيٌّ إِنْ أَمْنَى، وَقَدْ يُجَامِعُ مِنْ غَيْرِ إِمْنَاءٍ فِي الْفَرْجِ، فَلَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْ جَوْفِهِ أَيْضًا مَنِيٌّ، وَالْتِقَاءُ الْخِتَانَيْنِ مِنْ غَيْرِ إِمْنَاءٍ يُفْطِرُ الصَّائِمَ، وَيُوجِبُ الْكَفَّارَةَ، وَلَا يَدْخُلُ جَوْفَ الْمُجَامِعِ شَيْءٌ وَلَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْ جَوْفِهِ شَيْءٌ إِذَا كَانَ الْمُجَامِعُ هَذِهِ صِفَتُهُ، وَالنَّبِيُّ الْمُصْطَفَى ﷺ قَدْ أَعْلَمَ أَنَّ الْمُسْتَقِيءَ عَامِدًا يُفَطِّرُهُ الِاسْتِقَاءُ عَلَى الْعَمْدِ، وَاتَّفَقَ أَهْلُ الصَّلَاةِ وَأَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ عَلَى أَنَّ الِاسْتِقَاءَ عَلَى الْعَمْدِ يُفَطِّرُ الصَّائِمَ وَلَوْ كَانَ الصَّائِمُ لَا يُفَطِّرُهُ إِلَّا مَا يَدْخُلُ جَوْفَهُ، كَانَ الْجِمَاعُ وَالِاسْتِقَاءُ لَا يُفَطِّرَانِ الصَّائِمَ. وَجَاءَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْجَهْلِ بِأُعْجُوبَةٍ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ، فَزَعَمَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ إِنَّمَا قَالَ: أَفْطَرَ الْحَاجِمُ وَالْمَحْجُومُ لِأَنَّهُمَا كَانَا يَغْتَابَانِ، فَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُ: فَالْغِيبَةُ تُفْطِرُ الصَّائِمَ ؟ زَعَمَ أَنَّهَا لَا تُفْطِرُ الصَّائِمَ، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: فَإِنْ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عِنْدَكَ إِنَّمَا قَالَ: أَفْطَرَ الْحَاجِمُ وَالْمَحْجُومُ لِأَنَّهُمَا كَانَا يَغْتَابَانِ وَالْغِيبَةُ عِنْدَكَ لَا تُفَطِّرُ الصَّائِمَ، فَهَلْ يَقُولُ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ مَنْ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ، يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَعْلَمَ أُمَّتَهُ أَنَّ الْمُغْتَابَيْنِ مُفْطِرَانِ، وَيَقُولُ هُوَ: بَلْ هُمَا صَائِمَانِ غَيْرُ مُفْطِرَيْنِ، فَخَالَفَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ الَّذِي أَوْجَبَ اللهُ عَلَى الْعِبَادِ طَاعَتَهُ وَاتِّبَاعَهُ، وَوَعَدَ الْهُدَى عَلَى اتِّبَاعِهِ، وَأَوْعَدَ عَلَى مُخَالِفِيهِ، وَنَفَى الْإِيمَانَ عَمَّنْ وَجَدَ فِي نَفْسِهِ حَرَجًا مِنْ حُكْمِهِ، فَقَالَ: فَلا وَرَبِّكَ لا يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ. الْآيَةَ، وَلَمْ يَجْعَلِ اللهُ - جَلَّ وَعَلَا - لِأَحَدٍ خَيْرَةً فِيمَا قَضَى اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، فَقَالَ - تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى -: وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ وَلا مُؤْمِنَةٍ إِذَا قَضَى اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَمْرًا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُمُ الْخِيَرَةُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ. وَالْمُحْتَجُّ بِهَذَا الْخَبَرِ إِنَّمَا صَرَّحَ بِمُخَالَفَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عِنْدَ نَفْسِهِ، بِلَا شُبْهَةٍ وَلَا تَأْوِيلٍ يَحْتَمِلُ الْخَبَرَ الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ، إِذَا زَعَمَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ إِنَّمَا قَالَ لِلْحَاجِمِ وَالْمَحْجُومِ: مُفْطِرَانِ لِعِلَّةِ غِيبَتِهِمَا، ثُمَّ هُوَ زَعَمَ أَنَّ الْغِيبَةَ لَا تُفَطِّرُ، فَقَدْ جَرَّدَ مُخَالَفَتَهُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بِلَا شُبْهَةٍ وَلَا تَأْوِيلٍ. كذا في طبعة دار الميمان، وفي طبعة المكتب الإسلامي: مفطرا. كذا في طبعة دار الميمان، وفي طبعة المكتب الإسلامي: بشرب. كذا في طبعة دار الميمان، وفي طبعة المكتب الإسلامي: مخالفة.

Translation

Chain of narrators

Aḥmad b. ʿAbdah
Yazīd b. Zurayʿ
Saʿīd al-Jurayrī
Abū Naḍrah
Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī
Rasūl Allāh ﷺ Atá
Nahar Min Māʾ al-Samāʾ Fī Yawm Ṣāʾif And -al-Mushāh Kathīr Wa-al-Nnās Ṣiyām Fawaqaf ʿAlayh Faʾidhā Fiʾām Min al-Nās
Yā Ayyuhā al-Nās Āshrabūā Fajaʿalūā Yanẓurūn Ilayh

✧ I am not like you; I am riding while you are walking, and I am the least burdened of you, so drink. They kept looking at him, wondering what he would do. When they refused, he turned his saddle, dismounted, drank, and the people drank. The reports of Ibn Abbas and Anas b. Malik I have included in the Book of Fasting in the large book. Is it permissible for an ignorant person to say: Drinking is allowed for the fasting person and does not break his fast? Since the Prophet ﷺ commanded his companions, while fasting, to drink, and when they refused, he drank while fasting and they drank. Whoever understands knowledge and comprehends fiqh knows that the Prophet ﷺ and his companions had become compelled to drink water; they had intended to fast and part of the day had passed, and they were allowed to break their fast because they were traveling, not resident. Likewise, the Prophet ﷺ was allowed to be cupped while fasting during travel, even though cupping breaks the fast, because whoever is allowed to drink—even though drinking breaks the fast—is allowed to be cupped—even though cupping breaks the fast. As for the argument of some Iraqis on this issue, that breaking the fast is caused by what enters, not what exits, this is ignorance and negligence on the part of its speaker, and a deception upon those who do not possess knowledge or understand fiqh. This statement, if taken literally, contradicts the clear evidence of the Book of God, the Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ, and the consensus of all the people of prayer from the people of God. God has indicated in His clear revelation that 'mubasharah' (touching) means sexual intercourse during the day of fasting, and the chosen Prophet ﷺ obligated the one who has intercourse in Ramadan to free a slave if he can, or to fast two consecutive months if he cannot find a slave, or to feed sixty poor people if he cannot fast. The one who has intercourse does not have anything enter his inside; rather, semen exits from him if he ejaculates. He may have intercourse without ejaculating in the vagina, so no semen exits from his inside either. The meeting of the two circumcised parts without ejaculation breaks the fast and necessitates expiation, and nothing enters the inside of the one having intercourse nor exits from it when his state is like this. The chosen Prophet ﷺ informed that deliberate vomiting breaks the fast of the one who deliberately vomits, and the people of prayer and people of knowledge have agreed that deliberate vomiting invalidates the fast. If the fasting person's fast were only invalidated by what enters his inside, then intercourse and deliberate vomiting would not invalidate the fast. Some ignorant people have come up with an amazing thing on this issue, claiming that the Prophet ﷺ only said 'the cupper and the cupped have broken their fast' because they were backbiting. When it is said to him: Does backbiting invalidate the fasting person's fast? He claims that it does not. Then it is said to him: If, according to you, the Prophet ﷺ only said 'the cupper and the cupped have broken their fast' because they were backbiting, and backbiting, according to you, does not invalidate the fast, then would anyone who believes in God say such a thing? He claims that the Prophet ﷺ informed his nation that the two who backbite are people who have broken their fast, while he himself says: Rather, they are fasting and have not broken their fast. Thus he contradicts the Prophet ﷺ, whom God obligated His servants to obey and follow, promised guidance for following him, warned against opposing him, and negated faith for anyone who finds in himself any discomfort with his ruling. He said: {But no, by your Lord, they will not believe until they make you judge in what arises between them.} The verse. And God, exalted and high, has not given anyone any choice in what God and His Messenger have decreed. He said, blessed and exalted: {It is not for a believing man or a believing woman, when God and His Messenger have decreed a matter, to have any choice in their affair.} The one who uses this report as evidence has clearly contradicted the Prophet ﷺ in his own mind, without any doubt or interpretation that the report could bear, when he claims that the Prophet ﷺ only said to the cupper and the cupped 'you have broken your fast' due to their backbiting, and then he himself claims that backbiting does not break the fast. Thus he has completely contradicted the Prophet ﷺ without any doubt or interpretation. So it is in the Dar al-Mayman edition, and in the Maktab al-Islami edition: 'they have broken their fast' (dual form). So it is in the Dar al-Mayman edition, and in the Maktab al-Islami edition: 'with drinking'. So it is in the Dar al-Mayman edition, and in the Maktab al-Islami edition: 'contradiction'.

Grades by grader

No grade is recorded for this wording.