Sirat Ibn Hisham 804
What was revealed concerning the admonition of the Muslims and teaching them the stratagems of war
[ تَفْسِيرُ ابْنِ هِشَامٍ لِبَعْضِ الْغَرِيبِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: جَنَحُوا لِلسَّلْمِ مَالُوا إلَيْكَ لِلسَّلْمِ. الْجُنُوحُ: الْمَيْلُ. قَالَ لَبِيدُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ:: جُنُوحُ الْهَالِكِيَّ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ مُكِبًّا يَجْتَلِي نُقَبَ النِّصَالِ وَهَذَا الْبَيْتُ فِي قَصِيدَةٍ لَهُ ( يُرِيدُ: الصَّيْقَلَ الْمُكِبَّ عَلَى عَمَلِهِ. النَّقْبُ صَدَأُ السَّيْفِ. يَجْتَلِي: يَجْلُو السَّيْفَ ). وَالسَّلْمُ ( أَيْضًا ): الصُّلْحُ، وَفِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: فَلَا تَهِنُوا وَتَدْعُوا إِلَى السَّلْمِ وَأَنْتُمُ الْأَعْلَوْنَ وَيُقْرَأُ: إلَى السِّلْمِ، وَهُوَ ذَلِكَ الْمَعْنَى. قَالَ زُهَيْرُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلْمَى:: وَقَدْ قُلْتُمَا إنْ نُدْرِكْ السِّلْمَ وَاسِعًا بِمَالٍ وَمَعْرُوفٍ مِنْ الْقَوْلِ نَسْلَمْ وَهَذَا الْبَيْتُ فِي قَصِيدَةٍ لَهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَبَلَغَنِي عَنْ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: وَإِنْ جَنَحُوا لِلسَّلْمِ لِلْإِسْلَامِ. وَفِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ادْخُلُوا فِي السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً وَيُقْرَأُ فِي السَّلْمِ، وَهُوَ الْإِسْلَامُ. قَالَ أُمَيَّةُ بْنُ أَبِي الصَّلْتِ:: فَمَا أَنَابُوا لِسَلْمٍ حِينَ تُنْذِرُهُمْ رُسْلَ الْإِلَهِ وَمَا كَانُوا لَهُ عَضُدَا وَهَذَا الْبَيْتُ فِي قَصِيدَةٍ لَهُ. وَتَقُولُ الْعَرَبُ لِدَلْوٍ تُعْمَلُ مُسْتَطِيلَةً: السَّلْمُ. قَالَ طَرَفَةُ بْنُ الْعَبْدِ، أَحَدُ بَنِي قَيْسِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ، يَصِفُ نَاقَةً لَهُ:: لَهَا مِرْفَقَانِ أَفْتَلَانِ كَأَنَّمَا تَمُرُّ بِسَلْمَى دَالِحٍ مُتَشَدِّدٍ ( وَيُرْوَى: دَالِجٍ ). وَهَذَا الْبَيْتُ فِي قَصِيدَةٍ لَهُ. وَإِنْ يُرِيدُوا أَنْ يَخْدَعُوكَ فَإِنَّ حَسْبَكَ اللَّهُ هُوَ مِنْ وَرَاءِ ذَلِكَ. هُوَ الَّذِي أَيَّدَكَ بِنَصْرِهِ بَعْدَ الضَّعْفِ وَبِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ عَلَى الْهُدَى الَّذِي بَعَثَكَ اللَّهُ بِهِ إلَيْهِمْ لَوْ أَنْفَقْتَ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا مَا أَلَّفْتَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ أَلَّفَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِدِينِهِ الَّذِي جَمَعَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ حَسْبُكَ اللَّهُ وَمَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ حَرِّضِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى الْقِتَالِ إِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ عِشْرُونَ صَابِرُونَ يَغْلِبُوا مِائَتَيْنِ وَإِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ مِائَةٌ يَغْلِبُوا أَلْفًا مِنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ أَيْ لَا يُقَاتِلُونَ عَلَى نِيَّةٍ وَلَا حَقٍّ وَلَا مَعْرِفَةٍ بِخَيْرٍ وَلَا شَرٍّ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ اشْتَدَّ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَأَعْظَمُوا أَنْ يُقَاتِلَ عِشْرُونَ مِئَتَيْنِ، وَمِئَةٌ أَلْفًا، فَخَفَّفَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ، فَنَسَخَتْهَا الْآيَةُ الْأُخْرَى، فَقَالَ: الْآنَ خَفَّفَ اللَّهُ عَنْكُمْ وَعَلِمَ أَنَّ فِيكُمْ ضَعْفًا فَإِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ مِائَةٌ صَابِرَةٌ يَغْلِبُوا مِائَتَيْنِ وَإِنْ يَكُنْ مِنْكُمْ أَلْفٌ يَغْلِبُوا أَلْفَيْنِ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ مَعَ الصَّابِرِينَ قَالَ: فَكَانُوا إذَا كَانُوا عَلَى الشَّطْرِ مِنْ عَدُوِّهِمْ لَمْ يَنْبَغِ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَفِرُّوا مِنْهُمْ، وَإِذَا كَانُوا دُونَ ذَلِكَ لَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَيْهِمْ قِتَالُهُمْ وَجَازَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَتَحَوَّزُوا عَنْهُمْ
Translation
✧ [Ibn Hisham’s explanation of some rare words] Ibn Hisham said: “janahū li-l-salmi” means “they inclined to you for peace.” Al-junūh means inclination. Labīd b. Rabīʿah said: “The inclination of the hālikī over his hands, bending down, polishing the rust-spots of the blades.” This verse is in a qaṣīdah of his. (He means the sword-polisher bending over his work. Al-naqb is the rust of the sword. Yajtalī means he polishes the sword.) And al-salm (also) means reconciliation. In the Book of God, mighty and glorious: “So do not weaken and call to peace while you are the uppermost.” It is also read “to al-silm,” and it is that same meaning. Zuhayr b. Abī Sulmā said: “You two have said: if we attain a wide peace with wealth and fair speech, we shall be safe.” This verse is in a qaṣīdah of his. Ibn Hisham said: It reached me from al-Ḥasan b. Abī al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī that he used to say: “And if they incline to al-salm” means to Islam. In the Book of God, exalted: “O you who believe, enter into al-silm completely.” It is also read “into al-salm,” and it is Islam. Umayyah b. Abī al-Ṣalt said: “They did not turn to a salm when the messengers of the God warned them, nor were they a support for Him.” This verse is in a qaṣīdah of his. The Arabs call a bucket made elongated al-salm. Ṭarafah b. al-ʿAbd, one of the Banū Qays b. Thaʿlabah, describing a she-camel of his, said: “She has two elbows twisted as if she passes by the salmā of a straining drawer of water.” (It is also narrated “dālij.”) This verse is in a qaṣīdah of his. “And if they intend to deceive you, then sufficient for you is God. He is behind that. He it is who strengthened you with His help after weakness and with the believers, and brought their hearts together upon the guidance with which God sent you to them. If you had spent all that is in the earth altogether, you could not have brought their hearts together, but God brought them together by His religion which gathered them upon it. Indeed He is mighty, wise.” Then He, exalted, said: “O Prophet, sufficient for you is God, and whoever follows you of the believers. O Prophet, urge the believers to fight. If there are among you twenty patient, they will overcome two hundred, and if there are among you a hundred, they will overcome a thousand of those who disbelieve, because they are a people who do not understand”—that is, they do not fight on the basis of intention or truth or knowledge of good or evil. Ibn Isḥāq said: ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Najīḥ related to me from ʿAṭāʾ b. Abī Rabāḥ, from ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās, who said: When this verse was sent down, it was hard on the Muslims, and they deemed it grave that twenty should fight two hundred and a hundred should fight a thousand, so God lightened it for them, and the other verse abrogated it. He said: “Now God has lightened it for you and knows that there is weakness in you. So if there are among you a hundred patient, they will overcome two hundred, and if there are among you a thousand, they will overcome two thousand by God’s leave. And God is with the patient.” He said: So when they were at half the number of their enemy, it was not fitting for them to flee from them, and when they were less than that, fighting them was not obligatory, and it was permissible for them to withdraw from them.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.