Sirat Ibn Hisham 621
The Jews' claim of a short punishment in the hereafter and God's refutation of them
[ تَفْسِيرُ ابْنِ هِشَامٍ لِبَعْضِ الْغَرِيبِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: تَسْفِكُونَ: تَصُبُّونَ. تَقُولُ الْعَرَبُ: سَفَكَ دَمَهُ، أَيْ صَبَّهُ؛ وَسَفَكَ الزِّقَّ، أَيْ هَرَاقَهُ. قَالَ الشَّاعِرُ:: وَكُنَّا إذَا مَا الضَّيْفُ حَلَّ بِأَرْضِنَا سَفَكْنَا دِمَاءَ الْبُدْنِ فِي تُرْبَةِ الْحَالِ قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: يَعْنِي بِالْحَالِ: الطِّينِ الَّذِي يُخَالِطُهُ الرَّمْلُ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي تَقُولُ لَهُ الْعَرَبُ: السَّهْلَةُ. وَقَدْ جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: أَنَّ جِبْرِيلَ لَمَّا قَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ: آمَنْتُ أَنَّهُ لَا إلَهَ إلَّا الَّذِي آمَنَتْ بِهِ بَنُو إسْرَائِيلَ، أَخَذَ مِنْ حَالِ الْبَحْرِ ( وَحَمَأَتِهِ )، فَضَرَبَ بِهِ وَجْهَ فِرْعَوْنَ ( وَالْحَالُ: مِثْلُ الْحَمْأَةِ ) قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَلَا تُخْرِجُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِكُمْ ثُمَّ أَقْرَرْتُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ تَشْهَدُونَ عَلَى أَنَّ هَذَا حَقٌّ مِنْ مِيثَاقِي عَلَيْكُمْ، ثُمَّ أَنْتُمْ هَؤُلَاءِ تَقْتُلُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَتُخْرِجُونَ فَرِيقًا مِنْكُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ تَظَاهَرُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ أَيْ أَهْلَ الشِّرْكِ، حَتَّى يَسْفِكُوا دِمَاءَهُمْ مَعَهُمْ، وَيُخْرِجُوهُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ مَعَهُمْ. وَإِنْ يَأْتُوكُمْ أُسَارَى تُفَادُوهُمْ وَقَدْ عَرَفْتُمْ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي دِينِكُمْ وَهُوَ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي كِتَابِكُمْ إخْرَاجُهُمْ، أَفَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِبَعْضِ الْكِتَابِ وَتَكْفُرُونَ بِبَعْضٍ ( أَيْ ) أَتُفَادُونَهُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ بِذَلِكَ، وَتُخْرِجُونَهُمْ كُفَّارًا بِذَلِكَ. فَمَا جَزَاءُ مَنْ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا خِزْيٌ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُرَدُّونَ إِلَى أَشَدِّ الْعَذَابِ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ اشْتَرَوُا الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا بِالْآخِرَةِ فَلَا يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمُ الْعَذَابُ وَلَا هُمْ يُنْصَرُونَ فَأَنَّبَهُمْ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِذَلِكَ مِنْ فِعْلهمْ، وَقَدْ حَرَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ سَفْكَ دِمَائِهِمْ، وَافْتَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا فِدَاءَ أَسْرَاهُمْ. فَكَانُوا فَرِيقَيْنِ، مِنْهُمْ بَنُو قَيْنُقَاعَ وَلَفُّهُمْ، حُلَفَاءُ الْخَزْرَجِ، وَالنَّضِيرُ وَقُرَيْظَةَ وَلَفُّهُمْ، حُلَفَاءُ الْأَوْسِ. فَكَانُوا إذَا كَانَتْ بَيْنَ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ حَرْبٌ. خَرَجَتْ بَنُو قَيْنُقَاعَ مَعَ الْخَزْرَجِ وَخَرَجَتْ النَّضِيرُ وَقُرَيْظَةُ مَعَ الْأَوْسِ يُظَاهِرُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ حُلَفَاءَهُ عَلَى إخْوَانِهِ، حَتَّى يَتَسَافَكُوا دِمَاءَهُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ، وَبِأَيْدِيهِمْ التَّوْرَاةُ يَعْرِفُونَ فِيهَا مَا عَلَيْهِمْ وَمَا لَهُمْ، وَالْأَوْسُ وَالْخَزْرَجُ أَهْلُ شِرْكٍ يَعْبُدُونَ الْأَوْثَانَ: لَا يَعْرِفُونَ جَنَّةً وَلَا نَارًا، وَلَا بَعْثًا وَلَا قِيَامَةً، وَلَا كِتَابًا، وَلَا حَلَالًا وَلَا حَرَامًا، فَإِذَا وَضَعَتْ الْحَرْبُ أَوْزَارَهَا افْتَدَوْا أُسَارَاهُمْ تَصْدِيقًا لِمَا فِي التَّوْرَاةِ، وَأَخَذَ بِهِ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ، يَفْتَدِي بَنُو قَيْنُقَاعَ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَسْرَاهُمْ فِي أَيَدِي الْأَوْسِ وَتَفْتَدِي النَّضِيرُ وَقُرَيْظَةُ مَا فِي أَيَدِي الْخَزْرَجِ مِنْهُمْ. وَيُطِلُّونَ مَا أَصَابُوا مِنْ الدِّمَاءِ، وَقَتْلَى مَنْ قُتِلُوا مِنْهُمْ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ، مُظَاهَرَةً لِأَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ عَلَيْهِمْ. يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لَهُمْ حَيْنَ أَنَّبَهُمْ بِذَلِكَ: أَفَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِبَعْضِ الْكِتَابِ وَتَكْفُرُونَ بِبَعْضٍ أَيْ تُفَادِيهِ بِحُكْمِ التَّوْرَاةِ وَتَقْتُلُهُ، وَفِي حُكْمِ التَّوْرَاةِ أَنْ لَا تَفْعَلَ، تَقْتُلُهُ وَتُخْرِجُهُ مِنْ دَارِهِ وَتُظَاهِرُ عَلَيْهِ مَنْ يُشْرِكُ بِاَللَّهِ، وَيَعْبُدُ الْأَوْثَانَ مِنْ دُونِهِ، ابْتِغَاءَ عَرَضِ الدُّنْيَا. فَفِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ فِعْلِهِمْ مَعَ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ - فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي - نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةُ. ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ وَقَفَّيْنَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ بِالرُّسُلِ وَآتَيْنَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ أَيْ الْآيَاتُ الَّتِي وُضِعَتْ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ، مِنْ إحْيَاءِ الْمَوْتَى، وَخَلْقِهِ مِنْ الطِّينِ كَهَيْئَةِ الطَّيْرِ، ثُمَّ يَنْفُخُ فِيهِ فَيَكُونُ طَيْرًا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ، وَإِبْرَاءِ الْأَسْقَامِ، وَالْخَبَرِ بِكَثِيرٍ مِنْ الْغُيُوبِ مِمَّا يَدَّخِرُونَ فِي بُيُوتِهِمْ، وَمَا رَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ التَّوْرَاةِ مَعَ الْإِنْجِيلِ، الَّذِي أَحْدَثَ اللَّهُ إلَيْهِ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ كُفْرَهُمْ بِذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ، فَقَالَ: أَفَكُلَّمَا جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ بِمَا لَا تَهْوَى أَنْفُسُكُمُ اسْتَكْبَرْتُمْ فَفَرِيقًا كَذَّبْتُمْ وَفَرِيقًا تَقْتُلُونَ ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَقَالُوا قُلُوبُنَا غُلْفٌ فِي أَكِنَّةٍ. يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: بَلْ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِكُفْرِهِمْ فَقَلِيلًا مَا يُؤْمِنُونَ وَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ كِتَابٌ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقٌ لِمَا مَعَهُمْ وَكَانُوا مِنْ قَبْلُ يَسْتَفْتِحُونَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ مَا عَرَفُوا كَفَرُوا بِهِ فَلَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ أَشْيَاخٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، قَالَ: قَالُوا: فِينَا وَاَللَّهِ وَفِيهِمْ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةُ، كُنَّا قَدْ عَلَوْنَاهُمْ ظَهْرًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَنَحْنُ أَهْلُ شِرْكٍ وَهُمْ أَهْلُ كِتَابٍ فَكَانُوا يَقُولُونَ لَنَا: إنَّ نَبِيًّا يُبْعَثُ الْآنَ نَتَّبِعُهُ قَدْ أَظَلَّ زَمَانَهُ، نَقْتُلُكُمْ مَعَهُ قَتْلَ عَادٍ وَإِرَمَ. فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ فَاتَّبَعْنَاهُ كَفَرُوا بِهِ. يَقُولُ اللَّهُ: فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ مَا عَرَفُوا كَفَرُوا بِهِ فَلَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ بِئْسَمَا اشْتَرَوْا بِهِ أَنْفُسَهُمْ أَنْ يَكْفُرُوا بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ بَغْيًا أَنْ يُنَزِّلَ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ أَيْ أَنْ جَعَلَهُ فِي غَيْرِهِمْ فَبَاءُوا بِغَضَبٍ عَلَى غَضَبٍ وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ
Translation
✧ [Ibn Hishām's explanation of some obscure terms] Ibn Hishām said: tasfikūna means tasubbūna, 'you pour out'. The Arabs say: safaka damahu, i.e. ṣabbahu, 'he poured out his blood'; and safaka al-ziqq, i.e. harāqahu, 'he emptied the water-skin'. The poet said: 'We were, when the guest alighted in our land, / we poured out the blood of the camels in the soil of al-ḥāl.' Ibn Hishām said: he means by al-ḥāl: the clay mixed with sand, which the Arabs call al-sahla. And it has come in the hadith that when Pharaoh said, 'I believe that there is no god except the one in whom the Children of Israel believe,' Gabriel took from the ḥāl of the sea and its ḥamaʾa (black mud) and struck Pharaoh's face with it; and al-ḥāl is like al-ḥamaʾa. Ibn Isḥāq said: 'And you do not drive out your own selves from your homes.' Then you acknowledged, and you bear witness that this is true from My covenant with you. Then you are these: you kill your own selves and drive out a party of you from their homes, supporting one another against them in sin and enmity—that is, against the people of polytheism—until they shed their blood along with them and drive them out of their homes along with them. 'And if they come to you as captives, you ransom them,' and you knew that that was incumbent upon you in your religion, while driving them out was forbidden to you in your Book. 'Do you then believe in part of the Book and disbelieve in part?' That is, do you ransom them believing in that, while you drive them out disbelieving in that? 'What then is the recompense of those among you who do that except disgrace in the life of this world, and on the Day of Resurrection they shall be sent back to the most severe punishment. Allah is not heedless of what you do. Those are the ones who have purchased the life of this world for the Hereafter; the punishment shall not be lightened for them, nor shall they be helped.' So Allah, Mighty and Majestic, rebuked them for that deed of theirs, while He had forbidden in the Torah the shedding of their blood and had made obligatory upon them in it the ransom of their captives. They were two factions: among them the Banū Qaynuqāʿ and their confederates, allies of the Khazraj; and al-Naḍīr and Qurayẓa and their confederates, allies of the Aws. When there was war between the Aws and the Khazraj, the Banū Qaynuqāʿ went out with the Khazraj, and al-Naḍīr and Qurayẓa went out with the Aws, each of the two factions supporting its allies against its own brothers, until they shed one another's blood among themselves, while the Torah was in their hands, in which they knew what was upon them and what was for them. And the Aws and the Khazraj were people of polytheism, worshipping idols, knowing neither Paradise nor Hell, nor resurrection, nor standing, nor book, nor lawful, nor unlawful. When the war laid down its burdens, they ransomed their captives, confirming what was in the Torah, and some of them took one another according to it: the Banū Qaynuqāʿ ransomed those of their captives in the hands of the Aws, and al-Naḍīr and Qurayẓa ransomed those of theirs in the hands of the Khazraj. And they overlooked the blood they had shed, and the dead among them whom they had killed among themselves, supporting the people of polytheism against them. Allah, may He be exalted, says to them when He rebukes them for that: 'Do you then believe in part of the Book and disbelieve in part?' That is, you ransom him by the judgment of the Torah, while you kill him, and in the judgment of the Torah you should not do so; you kill him and drive him out of his home and support against him those who associate partners with Allah and worship idols besides Him, seeking a fleeting gain of this world. It is concerning that act of theirs with the Aws and the Khazraj—as I have been told—that this story was sent down. Then He, may He be exalted, said: 'And We gave Moses the Book and followed him up with the messengers, and We gave Jesus son of Mary the clear signs'—that is, the signs placed upon his hands, of giving life to the dead, and creating from clay the shape of a bird, then breathing into it so that it becomes a bird by Allah's permission, and healing the sick, and informing of many unseen things, of what they stored in their houses, and what he brought back to them of the Torah along with the Gospel, which Allah had anew sent down to him. Then He mentioned their disbelief in all of that, and said: 'Is it not so that whenever a messenger comes to you with what your souls do not desire, you are arrogant, so a party you deny and a party you kill?' Then He, may He be exalted, said: 'And they said, Our hearts are enveloped in coverings.' Allah, Mighty and Majestic, says: Rather, Allah has cursed them for their disbelief, so little is it that they believe. 'And when there came to them a Book from Allah, confirming what was with them—and they had from before been praying for victory over those who disbelieved—when there came to them what they recognized, they disbelieved in it. So the curse of Allah is upon the disbelievers.' Ibn Isḥāq said: ʿĀṣim b. ʿUmar b. Qatāda related to me from old men of his people, saying: they said: Concerning us, by Allah, and concerning them this story was sent down. We had gained the upper hand over them in the Age of Ignorance, while we were people of polytheism and they were people of a Book. They used to say to us: 'A prophet is about to be sent now, whose time has drawn near; we shall follow him and kill you with him as ʿĀd and Iram were killed.' When Allah sent His Messenger ﷺ from Quraysh and we followed him, they disbelieved in him. Allah says: 'When there came to them what they recognized, they disbelieved in it. So the curse of Allah is upon the disbelievers. Evil is that for which they sold their souls: that they disbelieve in what Allah has sent down, out of envy that Allah should send down of His grace upon whom He wills of His servants'—that is, that He placed it among other than them. 'So they incurred wrath upon wrath, and for the disbelievers there is a humiliating punishment.'
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.