Sirat Ibn Hisham 615
What was revealed concerning the hypocrites of the Aws and the Khazraj
[ تَفْسِيرُ ابْنِ هِشَامٍ لِبَعْضِ الْغَرِيبِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: يَعْمَهُونَ: يَحَارُونَ. تَقُولُ الْعَرَبُ: رَجُلٌ عَمِهٌ وَعَامِهٌ: أَيْ حَيَرَانُ قَالَ رُؤْبَةُ بْنُ الْعَجَّاجِ يَصِفُ بَلَدًا: أَعْمَى الْهُدَى بِالْجَاهِلِينَ الْعُمَّهِ وَهَذَا الْبَيْتُ فِي أُرْجُوزَةٍ لَهُ. فَالْعُمَّهُ: جَمْعُ عَامِهٍ؛ وَأَمَّا عَمِهٌ، فَجَمْعُهُ: عَمِهُونَ. وَالْمَرْأَةُ: عَمِهَةٌ وَعَمْهَاءُ. أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ اشْتَرَوُا الضَّلَالَةَ بِالْهُدَى أَيْ الْكُفْرِ بِالْإِيمَانِ فَمَا رَبِحَتْ تِجَارَتُهُمْ وَمَا كَانُوا مُهْتَدِينَ قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ لَهُمْ مَثَلًا، فَقَالَ تَعَالَى كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي اسْتَوْقَدَ نَارًا فَلَمَّا أَضَاءَتْ مَا حَوْلَهُ ذَهَبَ اللَّهُ بِنُورِهِمْ وَتَرَكَهُمْ فِي ظُلُمَاتٍ لَا يُبْصِرُونَ أَيْ لَا يُبْصِرُونَ الْحَقَّ وَيَقُولُونَ بِهِ حَتَّى إذَا خَرَجُوا بِهِ مِنْ ظُلْمَةِ الْكُفْرِ أَطْفَئُوهُ بِكُفْرِهِمْ بِهِ وَنِفَاقِهِمْ فِيهِ، فَتَرَكَهُمْ اللَّهُ فِي ظُلُمَاتِ الْكُفْرِ فَهُمْ لَا يُبْصِرُونَ هُدًى، وَلَا يَسْتَقِيمُونَ عَلَى حَقٍّ. صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لَا يَرْجِعُونَ أَيْ لَا يَرْجِعُونَ إلَى الْهُدَى، صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ عَنْ الْخَيْرِ، لَا يَرْجِعُونَ إلَى خَيْرٍ وَلَا يُصِيبُونَ نَجَاةً مَا كَانُوا عَلَى مَا هُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَوْ كَصَيِّبٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فِيهِ ظُلُمَاتٌ وَرَعْدٌ وَبَرْقٌ يَجْعَلُونَ أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِي آذَانِهِمْ مِنَ الصَّوَاعِقِ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ وَاللَّهُ مُحِيطٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: الصَّيِّبُ: الْمَطَرُ، وَهُوَ مِنْ صَابَ يَصُوبُ، مِثْلُ قَوْلِهِمْ: السَّيِّدُ، مَنْ سَادَ يَسُودُ، وَالْمَيِّتُ: مَنْ مَاتَ يَمُوتُ؛ وَجَمْعُهُ: صَيَائِبُ. قَالَ عَلْقَمَةُ بْنُ عَبَدَةَ، أَحَدُ بَنِي رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ زَيْدِ مَنَاةَ بْنِ تَمِيمٍ:: كَأَنَّهُمْ صَابَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ سَحَابَةٌ صَوَاعِقُهَا لِطَيْرِهِنَّ دَبِيبُ وَفِيهَا:: فَلَا تَعْدِلِي بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ مُغَمَّرٍ سَقَتْكَ رَوَايَا الْمُزْنِ حَيْثُ تَصُوبُ وَهَذَانِ الْبَيْتَانِ فِي قَصِيدَةٍ لَهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: أَيْ هُمْ مِنْ ظُلْمَةِ مَا هُمْ فِيهِ مِنْ الْكُفْرِ وَالْحَذَرِ مِنْ الْقَتْلِ، مِنْ الَّذِي هُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ الْخِلَافِ وَالتَّخَوُّفِ لَكُمْ، عَلَى مِثْلِ مَا وُصِفَ، مِنْ الَّذِي هُوَ ( فِي ) ظُلْمَةِ الصَّيِّبِ، يَجْعَلُ أَصَابِعَهُ فِي أُذُنِيهِ مِنْ الصَّوَاعِقِ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ. يَقُولُ: وَاَللَّهُ مُنْزِلُ ذَلِكَ بِهِمْ مِنْ النِّقْمَةِ، أَيْ هُوَ مُحِيطٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ يَكَادُ الْبَرْقُ يَخْطَفُ أَبْصَارَهُمْ أَيْ لِشِدَّةِ ضَوْءِ الْحَقِّ كُلَّمَا أَضَاءَ لَهُمْ مَشَوْا فِيهِ وَإِذَا أَظْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَامُوا أَيْ يَعْرِفُونَ الْحَقَّ وَيَتَكَلَّمُونَ بِهِ، فَهُمْ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ بِهِ عَلَى اسْتِقَامَةٍ، فَإِذَا ارْتَكَسُوا مِنْهُ فِي الْكُفْرِ قَامُوا مُتَحَيِّرِينَ. وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَذَهَبَ بِسَمْعِهِمْ وَأَبْصَارِهِمْ أَيْ لِمَا تَرَكُوا مِنْ الْحَقِّ بَعْدَ مَعْرِفَتِهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَاأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اعْبُدُوا رَبَّكُمُ لِلْفَرِيقَيْنِ جَمِيعًا، مِنْ الْكُفَّارِ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ، أَيْ وَحِّدُوا رَبَّكُمْ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ وَالَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ فِرَاشًا وَالسَّمَاءَ بِنَاءً وَأَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَخْرَجَ بِهِ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ رِزْقًا لَكُمْ فَلَا تَجْعَلُوا لِلَّهِ أَنْدَادًا وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ
Translation
✧ [Ibn Hishām's Explanation of Some Unusual Words] Ibn Hishām said: yaʿmahūn means yaḥārūn (they wander blindly). The Arabs say: rajulun ʿamihin wa-ʿāmihin, i.e., ḥayrān (bewildered). Ruʾbah b. al-ʿAjjāj said, describing a land: aʿmā al-hudā bi-l-jāhilīna al-ʿummah (one blinded to guidance by the ignorant, bewildered ones). This verse is in an urjūzah of his. Al-ʿummah is the plural of ʿāmih; as for ʿamih, its plural is ʿamihūn. The woman is ʿamihah and ʿamhāʾ. Those are they who have purchased error for guidance, i.e., disbelief for faith, so their commerce has not profited them, and they were not guided. Ibn Isḥāq said: Then He struck a parable for them, and the Most High said: Like the likeness of one who kindled a fire, and when it illuminated what was around him, God took away their light and left them in darknesses, not seeing, i.e., not seeing the truth and not speaking it; until, when they came out with it from the darkness of disbelief, they extinguished it with their disbelief in it and their hypocrisy concerning it, so God left them in the darknesses of disbelief, and they do not see guidance, nor do they stand upright upon truth. Deaf, dumb, blind, so they do not return, i.e., they do not return to guidance; deaf, dumb, blind to good, they do not return to good, nor do they attain salvation as long as they remain in their state. Or like a rain-laden cloud from the sky, in which are darknesses and thunder and lightning; they put their fingers in their ears from the thunderbolts, fearing death, and God encompasses the disbelievers. Ibn Hishām said: al-ṣayyib is rain, from ṣāba yaṣūbu, like their saying al-sayyid from sāda yasūdu, and al-mayyit from māta yamūtu; its plural is ṣayāʾib. ʿAlqamah b. ʿAbadah, one of the Banū Rabīʿah b. Mālik b. Zayd Manāh b. Tamīm, said: kaʾannahum ṣābat ʿalayhim saḥābatun ṣawāʿiquhā li-ṭayrihinna dabībū And in it: fa-lā taʿdilī baynī wa-bayna mughammarin saqatka rawāyā al-muzni ḥaythu taṣūbū These two verses are in a qaṣīdah of his. Ibn Isḥāq said: i.e., they, from the darkness of what they are in of disbelief and fear of being killed, from the opposition they are upon and dread of you, are like what was described of the one who is in the darkness of the rain-laden cloud, putting his fingers in his ears from the thunderbolts, fearing death. He says: By God, He will send down upon them punishment, i.e., He encompasses the disbelievers. The lightning almost snatches away their sight, i.e., because of the intensity of the light of truth; whenever it illuminates for them, they walk therein, and when it darkens upon them, they stand still, i.e., they know the truth and speak it, so they are upright in their speaking it, but when they relapse from it into disbelief, they stand bewildered. And if God willed, He would take away their hearing and their sight, i.e., because of what they abandoned of the truth after knowing it; indeed, God is powerful over all things. Then He said: O mankind, worship your Lord, for both parties together, of the disbelievers and the hypocrites, i.e., declare the oneness of your Lord who created you and those before you, that you may be God-fearing; who made for you the earth a bed and the sky a building, and sent down from the sky water, and brought forth thereby fruits as provision for you; so do not set up rivals to God while you know.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.