Sirat Ibn Hisham 1339
The expulsion of the Jews from Khaybar in the days of ʿUmar
[ إجْلَاءُ الْيَهُودِ عَنْ خَيْبَرَ أَيَّامَ عُمَرَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَسَأَلْتُ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيَّ: كَيْفَ كَانَ إعْطَاءُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَهُودَ خَيْبَرَ نَخْلَهُمْ حِينَ أَعْطَاهُمْ النَّخْلَ عَلَى خَرْجِهَا، أَبَتَّ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ حَتَّى قُبِضَ، أَمْ أَعْطَاهُمْ إيَّاهَا لِلضَّرُورَةِ مِنْ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ ؟ فَأَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ افْتَتَحَ خَيْبَرَ عَنْوَةً بَعْدَ الْقِتَالِ، وَكَانَتْ خَيْبَرُ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَمَّسَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَقَسَمَهَا بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَنَزَلَ مَنْ نَزَلَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا عَلَى الْجَلَاءِ بَعْدَ الْقِتَالِ، فَدَعَاهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: إنْ شِئْتُمْ دَفَعْتُ إلَيْكُمْ هَذِهِ الْأَمْوَالَ عَلَى أَنْ تُعْمِلُوهَا، وَتَكُونَ ثِمَارُهَا بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ، وَأُقِرُّكُمْ مَا أَقَرَّكُمْ اللَّهُ، فَقَبِلُوا، فَكَانُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ يُعْمِلُونَهَا وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَبْعَثُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ رَوَاحَةَ، فَيَقْسِمُ ثَمَرَهَا، وَيَعْدِلُ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي الْخَرْصِ فَلَمَّا تَوَفَّى اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ، أَقَرَّهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ، بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ، عَلَى الْمُعَامَلَةِ الَّتِي عَامَلَهُمْ عَلَيْهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَ، ثُمَّ أَقَرَّهَا عُمَرُ ؓ صَدْرًا مِنْ إمَارَتِهِ. ثُمَّ بَلَغَ عُمَرَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ فِي وَجَعِهِ الَّذِي قَبَضَهُ اللَّهُ فِيهِ: لَا يَجْتَمِعَنَّ بِجَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِ دِينَانِ، فَفَحَصَ عُمَرُ ذَلِكَ، حَتَّى بَلَغَهُ الثَّبْتُ، فَأَرْسَلَ إلىَ يَهُودَ، فَقَالَ: إنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ قَدْ أَذِنَ فِي جَلَائِكُمْ، قَدْ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: لَا يَجْتَمِعَنَّ بِجَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِ دِينَانِ: فَمَنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ عَهْدٌ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ الْيَهُودِ فَلْيَأْتِنِي بِهِ، أُنْفِذُهُ لَهُ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ عَهْدٌ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ الْيَهُودِ، فَلْيَتَجَهَّزْ لِلْجَلَاءِ، فَأَجْلَى عُمَرُ مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ عَهْدٌ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْهُمْ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي نَافِعٌ، مَوْلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: خَرَجْتُ أَنَا وَالزُّبَيْرُ وَالْمِقْدَادُ بْنُ الْأَسْوَدِ إلَى أَمْوَالِنَا بِخَيْبَرِ نَتَعَاهَدُهَا، فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا تَفَرَّقْنَا فِي أَمْوَالِنَا، قَالَ: فَعُدِيَ عَلَيَّ تَحْتَ اللَّيْلِ، وَأَنَا نَائِمٌ عَلَى فِرَاشِي، فَفُدِعَتْ يَدَايَ مِنْ مِرْفَقَيَّ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحْتُ اسْتَصْرَخَ عَلَيَّ صَاحِبَايَ، فَأَتَيَانِي فَسَأَلَانِي: مَنْ صَنَعَ هَذَا بِكَ ؟ فَقُلْتُ: لَا أَدْرِي، قَالَ: فَأَصْلَحَا مِنْ يَدَيَّ، ثُمَّ قَدِمَا بِي عَلَى عُمَرَ ؓ ؟ فَقَالَ: هَذَا عَمَلُ يَهُودَ، ثُمَّ قَامَ فِي النَّاسِ خَطِيبًا فَقَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ عَامَلَ يَهُودَ خَيْبَرَ عَلَى أَنَّا نُخْرِجُهُمْ إذَا شِئْنَا، وَقَدْ عَدَوْا عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، فَفَدَعُوا يَدَيْهِ، كَمَا قَدْ بَلَغَكُمْ، مَعَ عَدْوِهِمْ عَلَى الْأَنْصَارِيِّ قَبْلَهُ، لَا نَشُكُّ أَنَّهُمْ أَصْحَابُهُ، لَيْسَ لَنَا هُنَاكَ عَدُوٌّ غَيْرُهُمْ، فَمَنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ بِخَيْبَرِ فَلْيَلْحَقْ بِهِ، فَإِنِّي مُخْرِجٌ يَهُودَ، فَأَخْرَجَهُمْ
Translation
✧ [Expulsion of the Jews from Khaybar in the days of ʿUmar] Ibn Isḥāq said: I asked Ibn Shihāb al-Zuhrī: How was the giving of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to the Jews of Khaybar their palm groves when he gave them the palms on the condition of a share of their produce? Did he make that permanent for them until he died, or did he give them to them out of necessity, for no other reason? Ibn Shihāb informed me: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ conquered Khaybar by force after fighting, and Khaybar was among what Allah, mighty and glorious is He, granted as spoil to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ; the Messenger of Allah ﷺ took one-fifth of it and divided the rest among the Muslims. Some of its inhabitants left after the fighting, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called them and said: 'If you wish, I will hand over these properties to you with the condition that you work them and their fruits be shared between us and you, and I will keep you as long as Allah keeps you.' They accepted, and they remained on that basis working the land. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would send ʿAbd Allāh b. Rawāḥah to divide its fruits and judge equitably among them in estimating the produce. When Allah took His Prophet ﷺ, Abū Bakr ؓ continued to leave the land in their hands after the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on the same terms of the agreement that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had made with them until he died. Then ʿUmar ؓ continued to leave it for a time at the beginning of his rule. Then ʿUmar learned that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had said in the illness in which Allah took him: 'Let not two religions remain in the Arabian Peninsula.' ʿUmar investigated that until it was confirmed to him, then he sent to the Jews and said: 'Allah, mighty and glorious is He, has permitted your expulsion. It has reached me that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Let not two religions remain in the Arabian Peninsula. Whoever among the Jews has a covenant from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, let him bring it to me and I will carry it out for him; and whoever among the Jews does not have a covenant from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, let him prepare for expulsion.' So ʿUmar expelled those of them who had no covenant from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Ibn Isḥāq said: Nāfiʿ, the mawlā of ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar, related to me on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar, who said: I, al-Zubayr, and al-Miqdād b. al-Aswad went out to our properties in Khaybar to look after them. When we arrived, we dispersed to our properties. He said: I was attacked under cover of night while I was sleeping on my bed, and my hands were broken at the elbows. When morning came, my two companions cried out for help, came to me, and asked: 'Who did this to you?' I said: 'I do not know.' He said: They treated my hands and then brought me to ʿUmar ؓ. He said: 'This is the work of the Jews.' Then he stood before the people as a preacher and said: 'O people, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had made an agreement with the Jews of Khaybar on the understanding that we would expel them whenever we wished. They have attacked ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar and broken his hands, as you have heard, in addition to their previous attack on the Anṣārī. We have no doubt that they are the ones responsible; we have no enemy there other than them. Whoever has property in Khaybar, let him attend to it, for I am expelling the Jews.' So he expelled them.
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