Tarikh (al-Tabari) 983
The Great Expedition of Badr
[ نَهْيُ النَّبِيِّ أَصْحَابَهُ عَنْ قَتْلِ نَاسٍ مِنْ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ، عَنْ بَعْضِ أَهْلِهِ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ: إنِّي قَدْ عَرَفْتُ أَنَّ رِجَالًا مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَغَيْرِهِمْ قَدْ أَخْرَجُوا كُرْهًا، لَا حَاجَةَ لَهُمْ بِقِتَالِنَا، فَمَنْ لَقِيَ مِنْكُمْ أَحَدًا مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ فَلَا يَقْتُلْهُ، وَمَنْ لَقِيَ أَبَا الْبَخْتَرِيِّ بْنَ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ ابْنِ أَسَدٍ فَلَا يَقْتُلْهُ، وَمَنْ لَقِيَ الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، عَمَّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَا يَقْتُلْهُ، فَإِنَّهُ إنَّمَا أُخْرِجَ مُسْتَكْرَهًا. قَالَ: فَقَالَ أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ: أَنَقْتُلُ آبَاءَنَا وَأَبْنَاءَنَا وَإِخْوَتَنَا وَعَشِيرَتَنَا وَنَتْرُكُ الْعَبَّاسَ، وَاَللَّهِ لَئِنْ لَقِيتُهُ لَأُلْحِمَنَّهُ السَّيْفَ - قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَيُقَالُ: لَأُلْجِمَنَّهُ ( السَّيْفَ ) - قَالَ: فَبَلَغَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ لِعُمَرِ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ: يَا أَبَا حَفْصٍ - قَالَ عُمَرُ: وَاَللَّهِ إنَّهُ لَأَوَّلُ يَوْمٍ كَنَّانِي فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَبِي حَفْصٍ - أَيُضْرَبُ وَجْهُ عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالسَّيْفِ ؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، دَعْنِي فَلْأَضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ، فَوَاَللَّهِ لَقَدْ نَافَقَ. فَكَانَ أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ يَقُولُ: مَا أَنَا بِآمِنٍ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْكَلِمَةِ الَّتِي قُلْتُ يَوْمَئِذٍ، وَلَا أَزَالُ مِنْهَا خَائِفًا، إلَّا أَنْ تُكَفِّرَهَا عَنِّي الشَّهَادَةُ. فَقُتِلَ يَوْمَ الْيَمَامَةِ شَهِيدًا. سبب نهي رسول الله ﷺ عن قتل أبي البختري قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَإِنَّمَا نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ قَتْلِ أَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ أَكَفَّ الْقَوْمِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ بِمَكَّةَ، وَكَانَ لَا يُؤْذِيهِ، وَلَا يَبْلُغُهُ عَنْهُ شَيْءٌ يَكْرَهُهُ، وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ قَامَ فِي نَقْضِ الصَّحِيفَةِ الَّتِي كَتَبَتْ قُرَيْشٌ عَلَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَبَنِيَّ الْمُطَّلِبِ. فَلَقِيَهُ الْمُجَذَّرُ بْنُ ذِيَادٍ الْبَلَوِيُّ، حَلِيفُ الْأَنْصَارِ، ثُمَّ مِنْ بَنِي سَالِمِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، فَقَالَ الْمُجَذَّرُ لِأَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ: إنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ نَهَانَا عَنْ قَتْلِكَ - وَمَعَ أَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ زَمِيلٌ لَهُ، قَدْ خَرَجَ مَعَهُ مِنْ مَكَّةَ، وَهُوَ جُنَادَةُ بْنُ مُلَيْحَةَ بِنْتِ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ أَسَدٍ، وَجُنَادَةُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي لَيْثٍ. وَاسْمُ أَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ: الْعَاصِ - قَالَ: وَزَمِيلِي ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمُجَذَّرُ: لَا وَاَللَّهِ، مَا نَحْنُ بِتَارِكِي زَمِيلِكَ، مَا أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إلَّا بِكَ وَحْدَكَ، فَقَالَ: لَا وَاَللَّهِ، إذَنْ لَأَمُوتَنَّ أَنَا وَهُوَ جَمِيعًا، لَا تَتَحَدَّثُ عَنِّي نِسَاءُ مَكَّةَ أَنِّي تَرَكْتُ زَمِيلِي حِرْصًا عَلَى الْحَيَاةِ. فَقَالَ أَبُو الْبَخْتَرِيِّ حِينَ نَازَلَهُ الْمُجَذَّرُ وَأَبَى إلَّا الْقِتَالَ، يَرْتَجِزُ: : لَنْ يُسْلِمَ ابْنُ حُرَّةَ زَمِيلَهُ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ أَوْ يَرَى سَبِيلَهُ فَاقْتَتَلَا، فَقَتَلَهُ الْمُجَذَّرُ بْنُ ذِيَادٍ. وَقَالَ الْمُجَذَّرُ بْنُ ذِيَادٍ فِي قَتْلِهِ أَبَا الْبَخْتَرِيِّ: : إمَّا جَهِلْتَ أَوْ نَسِيتَ نَسَبِي فَأَثْبِتْ النِّسْبَةَ أَنِّي مَنْ بَلِيَ الطَّاعِنِينَ بِرِمَاحِ الْيَزْنِيِّ وَالضَّارِبِينَ الْكَبْشَ حَتَّى يَنْحَنِيَ بَشِّرْ بِيُتْمِ مَنْ أَبُوهُ الْبَخْتَرِيِّ أَوْ بَشِّرْنَ بِمِثْلِهَا مِنِّي بَنِي أَنَا الَّذِي يُقَالُ أَصْلِي مَنْ بَلِيَ أَطْعَنُ بِالصَّعْدَةِ حَتَّى تَنْثَنِيَ وَأَعْبِطْ الْقِرْنَ بِعَضْبِ مَشْرَفِيِّ أُرْزِمُ لِلْمَوْتِ كَإِرْزَامِ الْمَرِيِّ فَلَا تَرَى مُجَذَّرًا يَفْرِي فَرِيِّ قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: الْمَرِيُّ عَنْ غَيْرِ ابْنِ إسْحَاقَ. وَالْمَرِيُّ: النَّاقَةُ الَّتِي يُسْتَنْزَلُ لَبَنُهَا عَلَى عُسْرٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ إنَّ الْمُجَذَّرَ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: وَاَلَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ لَقَدْ جَهَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَسْتَأْسِرَ فَآتِيكَ بِهِ، ( فَأَبَى ) إلَّا أَنْ يُقَاتِلَنِي، فَقَاتَلْتُهُ فَقَتَلْتُهُ. قَالَ ابْنَ هِشَامٌ: أَبُو الْبَخْتَرِيِّ: الْعَاصِ بْنُ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ أَسَدٍ.
Translation
✧ [ The Prophet's Prohibition to His Companions Against Killing Certain People from the Polytheists ] Ibn Isḥāq said: Al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Maʿbad narrated to me, from some of his family, from Ibn ʿAbbās: that the Prophet ﷺ said to his companions on that day: "I have come to know that men from Banū Hāshim and others have been brought out against their will, having no need to fight us. So whoever of you meets anyone from Banū Hāshim, let him not kill him; and whoever meets Abū al-Bakhtarī b. Hishām b. al-Ḥārith b. Asad, let him not kill him; and whoever meets al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, the paternal uncle of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, let him not kill him, for he was only brought out under compulsion." He said: Abū Ḥudhayfa said: "Shall we kill our fathers, our sons, our brothers, and our kinsmen, and leave al-ʿAbbās? By Allah, if I meet him, I will certainly smite him with the sword" — Ibn Hishām said: It is also said: "I will certainly bridle him with the sword" — He said: This reached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he said to ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb: "O Abū Ḥafṣ" — ʿUmar said: By Allah, it was the first day on which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called me by the kunya Abū Ḥafṣ — "shall the face of the paternal uncle of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ be struck with the sword?" ʿUmar said: "O Messenger of Allah, let me strike his neck with the sword, for by Allah he has become a hypocrite." Abū Ḥudhayfa used to say: "I am not secure from that word which I uttered on that day, and I remain fearful of it, unless martyrdom should expiate it for me." He was killed on the day of al-Yamāma as a martyr. The reason for the Messenger of Allah's ﷺ prohibition against killing Abū al-Bakhtarī Ibn Isḥāq said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ only prohibited the killing of Abū al-Bakhtarī because he was the most restrained of the people toward the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while he was in Makkah; he did not harm him, and nothing that he disliked reached him from him. He was one of those who stood up to annul the pact which Quraysh wrote against Banū Hāshim and Banū al-Muṭṭalib. Al-Mujadhdhar b. Dhiyād al-Balawī, the ally of the Anṣār, then of Banū Sālim b. ʿAwf, met him. Al-Mujadhdhar said to Abū al-Bakhtarī: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ has forbidden us to kill you" — and with Abū al-Bakhtarī was a companion of his who had come out with him from Makkah, namely Junāda b. Mulayḥa bt. Zuhayr b. al-Ḥārith b. Asad; Junāda was a man of Banū Layth. Abū al-Bakhtarī's name was al-ʿĀṣ. He said: "And my companion?" Al-Mujadhdhar said to him: "No, by Allah, we are not going to leave your companion; the Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded us only concerning you alone." He said: "No, by Allah, then I and he will die together; the women of Makkah shall not say of me that I abandoned my companion out of eagerness for life." When al-Mujadhdhar engaged him and he insisted on fighting, Abū al-Bakhtarī recited the following rajaz: : The son of a free woman will never abandon his companion Until he dies or sees his way. They fought, and al-Mujadhdhar b. Dhiyād killed him. Al-Mujadhdhar b. Dhiyād said concerning his killing of Abū al-Bakhtarī: : Either you have been ignorant or you have forgotten my lineage, So establish the lineage: I am from Balī. One of those who thrust with the spears of al-Yazanī, And those who smite the ram until it bends. Give tidings of orphanhood to him whose father is al-Bakhtarī, Or give tidings to Banū of the like of it from me. I am the one whose origin is said to be from Balī, I thrust with the spear until it bends, And I strike the adversary with a sharp Mashrafī sword, I groan at death like the groaning of al-marī. You will not see a Mujadhdhar who rends utterly. Ibn Hishām said: Al-marī is from someone other than Ibn Isḥāq. Al-marī is a she-camel whose milk is made to descend with difficulty. Ibn Isḥāq said: Then al-Mujadhdhar came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: "By Him who sent you with the truth, I strove with him to surrender so that I could bring him to you, but he refused anything but to fight me, so I fought him and killed him." Ibn Hishām said: Abū al-Bakhtarī is al-ʿĀṣ b. Hishām b. al-Ḥārith b. Asad.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.