Tarikh (al-Tabari) 984
The Great Expedition of Badr
مَقْتَلِ عَدُوِّ اللَّهِ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ خَلَفٍ رَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ؓ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ صَدِيقًا لِأُمَيَّةَ بْنِ خَلَفٍ، وَكَانَ أُمَيَّةُ إِذَا نَزَلَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مَرَّ عَلَى سَعْدٍ، وَكَانَ سَعْدٌ إِذَا مَرَّ بِمَكَّةَ نَزَلَ عَلَى أُمَيَّةَ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ انْطَلَقَ سَعْدٌ مُعْتَمِرًا، فَنَزَلَ عَلَى أُمَيَّةَ بِمَكَّةَ فَقَالَ لِأُمَيَّةَ: انْظُرْ لِي سَاعَةَ خَلْوَةٍ لَعَلِّي أَنْ أَطُوفَ بِالْبَيْتِ، فَخَرَجَ بِهِ قَرِيبًا مِنْ نِصْفِ النَّهَارِ فَلَقِيَهُمَا أَبُو جَهْلٍ فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا صَفْوَانَ مَنْ هَذَا مَعَكَ ؟ فَقَالَ: هَذَا سَعْدٌ، فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو جَهْلٍ: أَلَا أَرَاكَ تَطُوفُ بِمَكَّةَ آمِنًا، وَقَدْ آوَيْتُمُ الصُّبَاةَ وَزَعَمْتُمْ أَنَّكُمْ تَنْصُرُونَهُمْ وَتُعِينُونَهُمْ، أَمَا وَاللَّهِ لَوْلَا أَنَّكَ مَعَ أَبِي صَفْوَانَ مَا رَجَعْتَ إِلَى أَهْلِكَ سَالِمًا، فَقَالَ لَهُ سَعْدٌ وَرَفَعَ صَوْتَهُ عَلَيْهِ: أَمَا وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ مَنَعْتَنِي هَذَا لَأَمْنَعَنَّكَ مَا هُوَ أَشَدُّ عَلَيْكَ مِنْهُ، طَرِيقَكَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ أُمَيَّةُ: لَا تَرْفَعْ صَوْتَكَ عَلَى أَبِي الْحَكَمِ سَيِّدِ أَهْلِ الْوَادِي، فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ: دَعْنَا عَنْكَ يَا أُمَيَّةُ: فَوَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّهُ قَاتِلُكَ» وَفِي لَفْظٍ: إِنَّهُمْ قَاتِلُوكَ. قَالَ: إِيَّايَ ؟ ! قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: بِمَكَّةَ ؟ قَالَ: لَا أَدْرِي، فَفَزِعَ لِذَلِكَ أُمَيَّةُ فَزَعًا شَدِيدًا وَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا يَكْذِبُ مُحَمَّدٌ إِذَا حَدَّثَ. فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ أُمَيَّةُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ قَالَ: يَا أُمَّ صَفْوَانَ، أَلَمْ تَرَيْ مَا قَالَ لِي سَعْدٌ ؟ قَالَتْ: وَمَا قَالَ لَكَ ؟ قَالَ: زَعَمَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا أَخْبَرَهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ قَاتِلِيَّ. فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: بِمَكَّةَ ؟ قَالَ: لَا أَدْرِي، فَقَالَ أُمَيَّةُ: وَاللَّهِ لَا أَخْرُجُ مِنْ مَكَّةَ. فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ اسْتَنْفَرَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ: أَدْرِكُوا عِيرَكُمْ، فَكَرِهَ أُمَيَّةُ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ، فَأَتَاهُ أَبُو جَهْلٍ فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا صَفْوَانَ إِنَّكَ مَتَى يَرَاكَ النَّاسُ قَدْ تَخَلَّفْتَ -وَأَنْتَ سَيِّدُ أَهْلِ الْوَادِي- تَخَلَّفُوا مَعَكَ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ أَبُو جَهْلٍ حَتَّى قَالَ: أَمَا إِذْ غَلَبْتَنِي لَأَشْتَرِيَنَّ أَجْوَدَ بِعِيرٍ بِمَكَّةَ. وَعَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ أَنَّ عُقْبَةَ بْنَ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ أَتَى أُمَيَّةَ بْنَ خَلَفٍ لَمَّا أَجْمَعَ الْقُعُودَ، وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ بَيْنَ ظَهَرَانَيْ قَوْمِهِ بِمِجْمَرَةٍ يَحْمِلُهَا، فِيهَا نَارٌ وَبَخُورٌ، حَتَّى وَضَعَهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا أَبَا عَلِيٍّ اسْتَجْمِرْ فَإِنَّمَا أَنْتَ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ، قَالَ: قَبَّحَكَ اللَّهُ وَقَبَّحَ مَا جِئْتَ بِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ أُمَيَّةُ: يَا أُمَّ صَفْوَانَ جَهِّزِينِي، قَالَتْ: يَا أَبَا صَفْوَانَ، أَنَسِيتَ مَا قَالَ لَكَ أَخُوكَ الْيَثْرِبِيُّ ؟ قَالَ: لَا، مَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَجُوزَ مَعَهُمْ إِلَّا قَرِيبًا. فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ أَخَذَ لَا يَتْرُكُ مَنْزِلًا إِلَّا عَقَلَ بَعِيرَهُ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى قَتَلَهُ اللَّهُ بِبَدْرٍ. وَرَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ وَابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ ؓ، قَالَ: كَانَ أُمَيَّةُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ لِي صَدِيقًا بِمَكَّةَ، وَكَانَ اسْمِي عَبْدَ عَمْرٍو، فَتَسَمَّيْتُ حِينَ أَسْلَمْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ، فَكَانَ يَلْقَانِي إِذْ نَحْنُ بِمَكَّةَ فَيَقُولُ: يَا عَبْدَ عَمْرٍو أَرَغِبْتَ عَنِ اسْمٍ سَمَّاكَ بِهِ أَبُوكَ ؟ فَأَقُولُ: نَعَمْ، فَيَقُولُ: إِنِّي لَا أَعْرِفُ الرَّحْمَنَ، فَاجْعَلْ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ شَيْئًا أَدْعُوكَ بِهِ، أَمَّا أَنْتَ فَلَا تُجِيبُنِي بِاسْمِكِ الْأَوَّلِ، وَأَمَّا أَنَا فَلَا أَدْعُوكَ بِمَا لَا أَعْرِفُ. قَالَ: وَكَانَ إِذَا دَعَانِي عَبْدَ عَمْرٍو لَمْ أُجِبْهُ. قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا أَبَا عَلِيٍّ اجْعَلْ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ مَا شِئْتَ، قَالَ: فَأَنْتَ عَبْدُ الْإِلَهِ، قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَكُنْتُ إِذَا مَرَرْتُ بِهِ قَالَ: يَا عَبْدَ الْإِلَهِ فَأُجِيبُهُ، فَأَتَحَدَّثُ مَعَهُ، فَلَمَّا هَاجَرْتُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ كَاتَبْتُهُ لِيَحْفَظَنِي فِي ضَائِقَتِي، وَأَحْفَظَهُ فِي ضَائِقَتِهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، أسر عبد الرحمن بن عوف لأمية بن خلف فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ خَرَجْتُ لِأُحْرِزَهُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ، فَوَجَدْتُهُ مَعَ ابْنِهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، أَخَذَ بِيَدِهِ، وَمَعِيَ أَدْرَاعٌ [قَدِ اسْتَلَبْتُهَا فَأَنَا أَحْمِلُهَا] فَلَمَّا رَآنِي قَالَ: يَا عَبْدَ عَمْرٍو فَلَمْ أُجِبْهُ، فَقَالَ: يَا عَبْدَ الْإِلَهِ، فَقُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: هَلْ لَكَ فِيَّ، فَأَنَا خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَدْرَاعِ الَّتِي مَعَكَ ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ بِاللَّهِ إِذًا، فَطَرَحْتُ الْأَدْرَاعَ مِنْ يَدَيْ فَأَخَذْتُ بِيَدِهِ وَيَدِ ابْنِهِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: مَا رَأَيْتُ كَالْيَوْمِ قَطُّ، أَمَا لَكُمْ حَاجَةٌ فِي اللَّبَنِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ أَمْشِي بِهِمَا، فَقَالَ لِي ابْنُهُ: يَا عَبْدَ الْإِلَهِ، مَنِ الرَّجُلُ مِنْكُمُ الْمُعَلَّمُ بِرِيشَةِ نَعَامَةٍ فِي صَدْرِهِ، قُلْتُ: ذَاكَ حَمْزَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، قَالَ: ذَاكَ الَّذِي فَعَلَ بِنَا الْأَفَاعِيلَ، قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: فَوَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَقُودُهُمَا إِذْ رَآهُ بِلَالٌ مَعِي. وَكَانَ هُوَ الَّذِي يُعَذِّبُ بِلَالًا بِمَكَّةَ حَتَّى يَتْرُكَ الْإِسْلَامَ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ قَالَ: رَأْسُ الْكُفْرِ أُمَيَّةُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ لَا نَجَوْتُ إِنْ نَجَا، ثُمَّ نَادَى: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ، فَخَرَجَ مَعَهُ فَرِيقٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فِي آثَارِنَا، فَلَمَّا خَشِيتُ أَنْ يَلْحَقُونَا أَطْلَقْتُ لَهُمُ ابْنَهُ لِأَشْغَلَهُمْ بِهِ، وَكَانَ أُمَيَّةُ رَجُلًا ثَقِيلًا، فَقُلْتُ: ابْرُكْ، فَبَرَكَ، فَأَلْقَيْتُ نَفْسِي عَلَيْهِ لِأَمْنَعَهُ، فَأَحَاطُوا بِنَا حَتَّى جَعَلُونَا فِي مِثْلِ الدَّسْكَرَةِ -وَفِي لَفْظٍ الْمَسَكَةِ- وَأَنَا أَذُبُّ عَنْهُ، فَأَخْلَفَ رَجُلٌ السَّيْفَ فَضَرَبَ رِجْلَ ابْنِهِ فَوَقَعَ، وَصَاحَ أُمَيَّةُ صَيْحَةً مَا سَمِعْتُ مِثْلَهَا قَطُّ، فَقُلْتُ: انْجُ بِنَفْسِكَ وَلَا نَجَاءَ بِكَ، فَوَاللَّهِ مَا أُغْنِي عَنْكَ شَيْئًا، قَالَ: فَهَبَرُوهُ بِأَسْيَافِهِمْ وَأَصَابَ أَحَدُهُمْ ظَهْرَ رِجْلِي بِسَيْفِهِ، فَكَانَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ يَقُولُ: يَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ بِلَالًا، ذَهَبَتْ أَدْرَاعِي، وَفَجَعَنِي بِأَسِيرَيَّ.
Translation
✧ The killing of the enemy of God Umayyah b. Khalaf Al-Bukhārī narrated, from Ibn Masʿūd ؓ, from Saʿd b. Muʿādh that he was a friend of Umayyah b. Khalaf, and whenever Umayyah stopped in Madinah he would pass by Saʿd, and whenever Saʿd passed through Makkah he would stop with Umayyah. When the Messenger of God ﷺ came to Madinah, Saʿd set out to perform ʿumrah, and he stopped with Umayyah in Makkah. He said to Umayyah: "Find me a time of seclusion so that I may circumambulate the House." He went out with him near midday, and Abū Jahl met them and said: "O Abū Ṣafwān, who is this with you?" He said: "This is Saʿd." Abū Jahl said to him: "Do I not see you circumambulating in Makkah in safety, when you have sheltered the ṣubāh and claimed that you support them and help them? By God, were it not that you are with Abū Ṣafwān, you would not return to your family safe." Saʿd said to him, raising his voice at him: "By God, if you prevent me from this, I shall prevent you from what is harder for you than it: your road to Madinah." Umayyah said to him: "Do not raise your voice at Abū al-Ḥakam, the chief of the people of the valley." Saʿd said: "Leave us alone, O Umayyah. By God, I heard the Messenger of God ﷺ say: 'He will kill you.'" In another wording: "They will kill you." He said: "Me?" He said: "Yes." He said: "In Makkah?" He said: "I do not know." Umayyah was greatly alarmed at that and said: "By God, Muḥammad does not lie when he speaks." When Umayyah returned to his family he said: "O Umm Ṣafwān, did you see what Saʿd said to me?" She said: "What did he say to you?" He said: "He claimed that Muḥammad told them that they will kill me. I said to him: 'In Makkah?' He said: 'I do not know.'" Umayyah said: "By God, I will not leave Makkah." When the day of Badr came, Abū Jahl called the people to mobilize and said: "Rescue your caravan." Umayyah disliked going out, so Abū Jahl came to him and said: "O Abū Ṣafwān, whenever the people see that you have stayed behind — and you are the chief of the people of the valley — they will stay behind with you." Abū Jahl kept at him until he said: "Since you have overcome me, I shall buy the finest camel in Makkah." From Ibn Isḥāq, that ʿUqbah b. Abī Muʿayṭ came to Umayyah b. Khalaf when he had resolved to remain behind, as he was sitting in the mosque among his people, carrying a censer containing fire and incense, until he placed it before him. Then he said: "O Abā ʿAlī, perfume yourself, for you are but one of the women." He said: "May God make you ugly and ugly what you have brought." Then Umayyah said: "O Umm Ṣafwān, equip me." She said: "O Abā Ṣafwān, have you forgotten what your Yathribī brother said to you?" He said: "No, I only intend to go with them a short distance." When he went out, he began not to pass any stopping place without hobbling his camel, and he continued thus until God killed him at Badr. Al-Bukhārī and Ibn Isḥāq narrated, and the wording is his, from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf ؓ, who said: Umayyah b. Khalaf was a friend of mine in Makkah, and my name was ʿAbd ʿAmr. I called myself ʿAbd al-Raḥmān when I became a Muslim. He would meet me when we were in Makkah and say: "O ʿAbd ʿAmr, have you turned away from the name your father gave you?" I would say: "Yes." He would say: "I do not know al-Raḥmān. Make between me and you something by which I may call you: as for you, do not answer me by your first name, and as for me, I will not call you by what I do not know." He said: When he called me ʿAbd ʿAmr, I would not answer him. He said: I said to him: "O Abā ʿAlī, make between me and you whatever you wish." He said: "Then you are ʿAbd al-Ilāh." I said: "Yes." He said: When I passed by him he would say: "O ʿAbd al-Ilāh," and I would answer him and talk with him. When I emigrated to Madinah, I made a pact with him that he would protect me in my hardship and I would protect him in his hardship in Madinah. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf took Umayyah b. Khalaf captive. When the day of Badr came, I went out to protect him from being killed. I found him with his son ʿAlī b. Umayyah, holding his hand, and with me were coats of mail [which I had stripped, and I was carrying them]. When he saw me he said: "O ʿAbd ʿAmr," and I did not answer him. He said: "O ʿAbd al-Ilāh." I said: "Yes." He said: "Will you take me? I am better for you than these coats of mail you have." I said: "Yes, by God, then." I threw the coats of mail from my hands and took his hand and his son's hand, while he was saying: "I have never seen a day like this. Do you not need milk?" Then I went off walking with the two of them. His son said to me: "O ʿAbd al-Ilāh, who is the man among you marked with an ostrich feather on his chest?" I said: "That is Ḥamzah b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib." He said: "That is the one who did those deeds to us." ʿAbd al-Raḥmān said: By God, as I was leading the two of them, Bilāl saw him with me. He was the one who used to torture Bilāl in Makkah to make him abandon Islam. When he saw him he said: "The head of unbelief, Umayyah b. Khalaf! May I not be saved if he is saved." Then he called out: "O company of the Anṣār!" A group of the Anṣār went out with him following our tracks. When I feared that they would catch up with us, I let his son go to them to occupy them with him. Umayyah was a heavy man, so I said: "Kneel down." He knelt, and I threw myself on him to protect him. They surrounded us until they made us like in a thicket — in another wording, like a clump — while I was defending him. Then a man reversed his sword and struck the leg of his son, who fell. Umayyah cried out a cry the like of which I have never heard. I said: "Save yourself, for there is no escape for you. By God, I can avail you nothing." He said: Then they hacked him with their swords, and one of them struck the back of my leg with his sword. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān used to say: "May God have mercy on Bilāl; my coats of mail are gone, and he bereaved me of my two captives."
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.