Tarikh (al-Tabari) 977
The Great Expedition of Badr
[ تَشَاوُرُ قُرَيْشٍ فِي الرُّجُوعِ عَنْ الْقِتَالِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي أَبِي إسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، عَنْ أَشْيَاخٍ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ، قَالُوا: لَمَّا اطْمَأَنَّ الْقَوْمُ، بَعَثُوا عُمَيْرَ بْنَ وَهْبٍ الجُمَحِيُّ فَقَالُوا: احْزُرُوا لَنَا أَصْحَابَ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالَ: فَاسْتَجَالَ بِفَرَسِهِ حَوْلَ الْعَسْكَرِ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إلَيْهِمْ، فَقَالَ: ثَلَاثُ مِئَةٍ رَجُلٍ، يَزِيدُونَ قَلِيلًا أَوْ يَنْقُصُونَ، وَلَكِنْ أَمْهِلُونِي حَتَّى أَنْظُرَ أَلِلْقَوْمِ كَمِينٌ أَوْ مَدَدٌ ؟ قَالَ: فَضَرَبَ فِي الْوَادِي حَتَّى أَبْعَدَ، فَلَمْ يَرَ شَيْئًا، فَرَجَعَ إلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ: مَا وَجَدْتُ شَيْئًا، وَلَكِنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ، يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ، الْبَلَايَا تَحْمِلُ الْمَنَايَا، نَوَاضِحُ يَثْرِبَ تَحْمِلُ الْمَوْتَ النَّاقِعَ، قَوْمٌ لَيْسَ مَعَهُمْ مَنَعَةٌ وَلَا مَلْجَأٌ إلَّا سُيُوفُهُمْ، وَاَللَّهِ مَا أَرَى أَنْ يُقْتَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ، حَتَّى يَقْتُلَ رَجُلًا مِنْكُمْ، فَإِذَا أَصَابُوا مِنْكُمْ أَعْدَادَهُمْ فَمَا خَيْرُ الْعَيْشِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ؟ فَرُوا رَأْيَكُمْ. فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ حَكِيمُ بْنُ حِزَامٍ ذَلِكَ مَشَى فِي النَّاسِ، فَأَتَى عُتْبَةَ بْنَ رَبِيعَةَ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا الْوَلِيدِ، إنَّكَ كَبِيرُ قُرَيْشٍ وَسَيِّدُهَا، وَالْمُطَاعُ فِيهَا، هَلْ لَكَ إلَى أَنْ لَا تَزَالَ تُذْكَرُ فِيهَا بِخَيْرِ إلَى آخِرِ الدَّهْرِ ؟ قَالَ: وَمَا ذَاكَ يَا حَكِيمُ ؟ قَالَ: تَرْجِعُ بِالنَّاسِ، وَتَحْمِلُ أَمْرَ حَلِيفِكَ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، قَالَ: قَدْ فَعَلْتُ، أَنْتَ عَلَيَّ بِذَلِكَ، إنَّمَا هُوَ حَلِيفِي، فَعَلَيَّ عَقْلُهُ وَمَا أُصِيبَ مِنْ مَالِهِ، فَأْتِ ابْنَ الْحَنْظَلِيَّةِ. [ نَسَبُ الْحَنْظَلِيَّةِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَالْحَنْظَلِيَّةُ أُمُّ أَبِي جَهْلٍ، وَهِيَ أَسَمَاءُ بِنْتُ مُخَرَّبَةَ، أَحَدُ بَنِي نَهْشِلْ بْنِ دَارِمِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ حَنْظَلَةَ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ زَيْدِ مَنَاةَ بْنِ تَمِيمٍ - فَإِنِّي لَا أَخْشَى أَنْ يَشْجُرَ أَمْرَ النَّاسِ غَيْرُهُ، يَعْنِي أَبَا جَهْلِ بْنَ هِشَام. ثُمَّ قَامَ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ خَطِيبًا، فَقَالَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ، إنَّكُمْ وَاَللَّهِ مَا تَصْنَعُونَ بِأَنْ تَلَقَّوْا مُحَمَّدًا وَأَصْحَابَهُ شَيْئًا، وَاَللَّهِ لَئِنْ أَصَبْتُمُوهُ لَا يَزَالُ الرَّجُلُ يَنْظُرُ فِي وَجْهِ رَجُلٍ يَكْرَهُ النَّظَرَ إلَيْهِ، قَتَلَ ابْنَ عَمِّهِ أَوْ ابْنَ خَالِهِ، أَوْ رَجُلًا مِنْ عَشِيرَتِهِ، فَارْجِعُوا وَخَلُّوا بَيْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَبَيْنَ سَائِرِ الْعَرَبِ، فَإِنْ أَصَابُوهُ فَذَاكَ الَّذِي أَرَدْتُمْ وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ أَلْفَاكُمْ وَلَمْ تَعَرَّضُوا مِنْهُ مَا تُرِيدُونَ. قَالَ حَكِيمٌ: فَانْطَلَقْتُ حَتَّى جِئْتُ أَبَا جَهْلٍ، فَوَجَدْتهُ قَدْ نَثَلَ دِرْعًا لَهُ مِنْ جِرَابِهَا، فَهُوَ يُهَنِّئُهَا. - ( قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ ): يُهَيِّئُهَا - فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا أَبَا الْحَكَمِ إنَّ عُتْبَةَ أَرْسَلَنِي إلَيْكَ بِكَذَا وَكَذَا، لِلَّذِي قَالَ؛ فَقَالَ: انْتَفَخَ وَاَللَّهِ سَحْرُهُ حِينَ رَأَى مُحَمَّدًا وَأَصْحَابَهُ، كَلَّا وَاَللَّهِ لَا نَرْجِعُ حَتَّى يَحْكُمَ اللَّهُ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَمَا بِعُتْبَةَ مَا قَالَ: وَلَكِنَّهُ قَدْ رَأَى أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا وَأَصْحَابَهُ أَكَلَةُ جَزُورٍ، وَفِيهِمْ ابْنُهُ، فَقَدْ تَخَوَّفَكُمْ عَلَيْهِ. ثُمَّ بَعَثَ إلَى عَامِرِ بْنِ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، فَقَالَ: هَذَا حَلِيفُكَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ بِالنَّاسِ، وَقَدْ رَأَيْتَ ثَأْرَكَ بِعَيْنِكَ، فَقُمْ فَانْشُدْ خُفْرَتَكَ، وَمَقْتَلَ أَخِيكَ. فَقَامَ عَامِرُ بْنُ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ فَاكْتَشَفَ ثُمَّ صَرَخَ: وَاعَمْرَاهُ، وَاعَمْرَاهُ، فَحَمِيَتْ الْحَرْبُ، وَحَقِبَ النَّاسُ، وَاسْتَوْسَقُوا عَلَى مَا هُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ الشَّرِّ، وَأُفْسِدَ عَلَى النَّاسِ الرَّأْيُ الَّذِي دَعَاهُمْ إلَيْهِ عُتْبَةُ. فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ عُتْبَةَ قَوْلُ أَبِي جَهْلٍ انْتَفَخَ وَاَللَّهِ سَحْرُهُ، قَالَ: سَيَعْلَمُ مُصَفِّرُ اسْتِهِ مَنْ انْتَفَخَ سَحْرُهُ، أَنَا أَمْ هُوَ ؟. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: السَّحْرُ: الرِّئَةُ وَمَا حَوْلَهَا مِمَّا يَعْلَقُ بِالْحُلْقُومِ مِنْ فَوْقِ السُّرَّةِ. وَمَا كَانَ تَحْتَ السُّرَّةِ، فَهُوَ الْقُصْبُ، وَمِنْهُ قَوْلُهُ: رَأَيْتُ عَمْرَو بْنَ لُحَيٍّ يَجُرُّ قُصْبَهُ فِي النَّارِ: قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: حَدَّثَنِي بِذَلِكَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ. ثُمَّ الْتَمَسَ عُتْبَةُ بَيْضَةً لِيُدْخِلَهَا فِي رَأْسِهِ، فَمَا وَجَدَ فِي الْجَيْشِ بَيْضَةً تَسَعُهُ مِنْ عِظَمِ هَامَتِهِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ اعْتَجَرَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ بِبُرْدٍ لَهُ.
Translation
✧ [Quraysh’s Consultation about Withdrawing from Fighting] Ibn Isḥāq said: My father Isḥāq b. Yasār and others among the people of knowledge narrated to me, from elders of the Anṣār, who said: When the people had settled, they sent ʿUmayr b. Wahb al-Jumaḥī and said: “Estimate for us the companions of Muḥammad.” He said: He rode his horse around the camp, then returned to them and said: “Three hundred men, a little more or less, but give me time to see whether the people have any ambush or reinforcements.” He said: He went into the valley until he went far, but he saw nothing; so he returned to them and said: “I found nothing. But I have seen, O Quraysh, calamities carrying fates: the water-carriers of Yathrib carrying deadly death. A people who have no protection and no refuge except their swords. By God, I do not think that any man of them will be killed without killing a man of you. If they take from you their equals, what good is life after that? So consider your decision.” When Ḥakīm b. Ḥizām heard that, he went among the people and came to ʿUtbah b. Rabīʿah and said: “O Abū al-Walīd, you are the elder of Quraysh and its chief, and the one obeyed among them. Would you like to be remembered among them with good until the end of time?” He said: “And what is that, O Ḥakīm?” He said: “Return with the people, and take upon yourself the case of your ally ʿAmr b. al-Ḥaḍramī.” He said: “I have done that. You have my guarantee for it. He is only my ally, so upon me is his blood-money and whatever of his property was lost. So go to Ibn al-Ḥanẓaliyyah.” [The Lineage of al-Ḥanẓaliyyah] Ibn Hishām said: Al-Ḥanẓaliyyah is the mother of Abū Jahl, and she is Asmāʾ bt. Mukharrabah, one of the Banū Nahshil b. Dārim b. Mālik b. Ḥanẓalah b. Mālik b. Zayd Manāh b. Tamīm—so I do not fear that anyone else will muddy the affair of the people—meaning Abū Jahl b. Hishām. Then ʿUtbah b. Rabīʿah stood as a speaker and said: “O company of Quraysh, by God, you accomplish nothing by meeting Muḥammad and his companions. By God, if you overcome him, a man will keep looking at the face of a man he hates to look at, having killed his cousin or his maternal cousin, or a man from his clan. So return and leave Muḥammad and the rest of the Arabs to each other. If they overcome him, then that is what you wanted; and if it is otherwise, he will find you and you will not have exposed yourself to what you desire.” Ḥakīm said: I went until I came to Abū Jahl and found him having taken out a coat of mail of his from its bag and he was greasing it. (Ibn Hishām said: preparing it.) I said to him: “O Abā al-Ḥakam, ʿUtbah sent me to you with such-and-such, because of what he said.” He said: “By God, his lungs have swelled when he saw Muḥammad and his companions. No, by God, we will not return until God judges between us and Muḥammad. ʿUtbah is not right in what he said; but he saw that Muḥammad and his companions are like the eaters of a slaughtered camel, and among them is his son, so he feared for him on your account.” Then he sent to ʿĀmir b. al-Ḥaḍramī and said: “This is your ally. He wants to return with the people, and you have seen your vengeance with your own eyes. Arise and invoke your protection and the slaying of your brother.” So ʿĀmir b. al-Ḥaḍramī arose, uncovered himself, and cried out: “Woe for ʿAmr! Woe for ʿAmr!” Thus war was inflamed, the people became obstinate, and they united upon the evil they were upon; and the opinion to which ʿUtbah called them was ruined for the people. When ʿUtbah was told of Abū Jahl’s saying, “By God, his lungs have swelled,” he said: “The one with the yellowed anus will know whose lungs have swelled—me or him.” Ibn Hishām said: Al-saḥr is the lung and what surrounds it and attaches to the throat from above the navel. What is below the navel is al-quṣb, and from that is his saying: “I saw ʿAmr b. Luḥayy dragging his quṣb in the Fire.” Ibn Hishām said: Abū ʿUbaydah narrated that to me. Then ʿUtbah sought a helmet to put on his head, but he found no helmet in the army that would fit him because of the size of his head. When he saw that, he wrapped a cloak of his around his head.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.