Tarikh (al-Tabari) 970
The Great Expedition of Badr
[ الرَّسُولُ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ يَتَعَرَّفَانِ أَخْبَارَ قُرَيْشٍ ] ثُمَّ ارْتَحَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ ذَفِرَانَ، فَسَلَكَ عَلَى ثَنَايَا. يُقَالُ لَهَا الْأَصَافِرُ، ثُمَّ انْحَطَّ مِنْهَا إلَى بَلَدٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: الدَّبَّةُ، وَتَرَكَ الْحَنَّانَ بِيَمِينٍ وَهُوَ كَثِيبٌ عَظِيمٌ كَالْجَبَلِ الْعَظِيمِ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ قَرِيبًا مِنْ بَدْرٍ، فَرَكِبَ هُوَ وَرَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ: قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: الرَّجُلُ هُوَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ كَمَا حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ حِبَّانَ: حَتَّى وَقَفَ عَلَى شَيْخٍ مِنْ الْعَرَبِ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ قُرَيْشٍ، وَعَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ، وَمَا بَلَغَهُ عَنْهُمْ، فَقَالَ الشَّيْخُ: لَا أُخْبِرُكُمَا حَتَّى تُخْبِرَانِي مِمَّنْ أَنْتُمَا ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إذَا أَخْبَرْتنَا أَخْبَرْنَاكَ قَالَ: أَذَاكَ بِذَاكَ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ الشَّيْخُ فَإِنَّهُ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا وَأَصْحَابَهُ خَرَجُوا يَوْمَ كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَإِنْ كَانَ صَدَقَ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنِي، فَهُمْ الْيَوْمَ بِمَكَانِ كَذَا وَكَذَا، لِلْمَكَانِ الَّذِي بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ؛ وَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّ قُرَيْشًا خَرَجُوا يَوْمَ كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَإِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنِي صَدَقَنِي فَهُمْ الْيَوْمَ بِمَكَانِ كَذَا وَكَذَا لِلْمَكَانِ الَّذِي فِيهِ قُرَيْشٌ. فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ خَبَرِهِ، قَالَ: مِمَّنْ أَنْتُمَا ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: نَحْنُ مِنْ مَاءٍ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ عَنْهُ قَالَ يَقُولُ الشَّيْخُ: مَا مِنْ مَاءٍ، أَمِنْ مَاءِ الْعِرَاقِ ؟ قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: يُقَالُ: ذَلِكَ الشَّيْخُ: سُفْيَانُ الضَّمَرِيُّ. [ ظَفَرُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِرَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ يَقِفَانِهِمْ عَلَى أَخْبَارِهِمْ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إلَى أَصْحَابِهِ، فَلَمَّا أَمْسَى بَعَثَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَالزُّبَيْرَ بْنَ الْعَوَّامِ، وَسَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، فِي نَفَرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، إلَى مَاءِ بَدْرٍ، يَلْتَمِسُونَ الْخَبَرَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ - كَمَا حَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ رُومَانَ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ - فَأَصَابُوا رَاوِيَةً لِقُرَيْشٍ فِيهَا أَسْلَمَ، غُلَامُ بَنِي الْحَجَّاجِ، وَعَرِيضٌ أَبُو يَسَارٍ، غُلَامُ بَنِي الْعَاصِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، فَأَتَوْا بِهِمَا فَسَأَلُوهُمَا، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَائِمٌ يُصَلِّي، فَقَالَا: نَحْنُ سُقَاةُ قُرَيْشٍ، بَعَثُونَا نَسْقِيهِمْ مِنْ الْمَاءِ. فَكَرِهَ الْقَوْمُ خَبَرَهُمَا، وَرَجَوْا أَنْ يَكُونَا لِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ، فَضَرَبُوهُمَا. فَلَمَّا أَذْلَقُوهُمَا قَالَا: نَحْنُ لِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ، فَتَرَكُوهُمَا. وَرَكَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَسَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْهِ، ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، وَقَالَ: إذَا صَدَقَاكُمْ ضَرَبْتُمُوهُمَا، وَإِذَا كَذَبَاكُمْ تَرَكْتُمُوهُمَا، صَدَقَا، وَاَللَّهِ إنَّهُمَا لِقُرَيْشِ، أَخْبِرَانِي عَنْ قُرَيْشٍ ؟ قَالَا: هُمْ وَاَللَّهِ وَرَاءَ هَذَا الْكَثِيبِ الَّذِي تَرَى بِالْعُدْوَةِ الْقُصْوَى - وَالْكَثِيبُ: الْعَقَنْقَلُ - فَقَالَ لَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: كَمْ الْقَوْمُ ؟ قَالَا: كَثِيرٌ، قَالَ: مَا عِدَّتُهُمْ ؟ قَالَا: لَا نَدْرِي؛ قَالَ: كَمْ يَنْحَرُونَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ ؟ قَالَا: يَوْمًا تِسْعًا، وَيَوْمًا عَشْرًا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: الْقَوْمُ فِيمَا بَيْنَ التِّسْعِ مِئَةٍ وَالْأَلْفِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمَا: فَمَنْ فِيهِمْ مِنْ أَشْرَافِ قُرَيْشٍ ؟ قَالَا: عُتْبَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ، وَشَيْبَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ، وَأَبُو الْبَخْتَرِيِّ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، وَحَكِيمُ بْنُ حِزَامٍ، وَنَوْفَلُ بْنُ خُوَيْلِدٍ، وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ عَامِرِ بْنِ نَوْفَلٍ، وَطُعَيْمَةُ بْنُ عَدِيِّ بْنِ نَوْفَلٍ، وَالنَّضْرُ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، وَزَمَعَةُ بْنُ الْأَسْوَدِ، وَأَبُو جَهْلِ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، وَأُمَيَّةُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ، وَنُبَيْهُ، وَمُنَبِّهٌ ابْنَا الْحَجَّاجِ، وَسُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ وُدٍّ. فَأَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى النَّاسِ، فَقَالَ: هَذِهِ مَكَّةُ قَدْ أَلْقَتْ إلَيْكُمْ أَفْلَاذَ كَبِدِهَا. [ بَسْبَسُ وَعَدِيُّ يَتَجَسَّسَانِ الْأَخْبَارَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَ بَسْبَسُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، وَعَدِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي الزَّغْبَاءِ قَدْ مَضَيَا حَتَّى نَزَلَا بَدْرًا، فَأَنَاخَا إلَى تَلٍّ قَرِيبٍ مِنْ الْمَاءِ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَا شَنًّا لَهُمَا يَسْتَقِيَانِ فِيهِ، ومَجْدِيُّ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الْجُهَنِيُّ عَلَى الْمَاءِ. فَسَمِعَ عَدِيٌّ وَبَسْبَسُ جَارِيَتَيْنِ مِنْ جِوَارِي الْحَاضِرِ، وَهُمَا يَتَلَازَمَانِ عَلَى الْمَاءِ، وَالْمَلْزُومَةُ تَقُولُ لِصَاحِبَتِهَا: إنَّمَا تَأْتِي الْعِيرُ غَدًا أَوْ بَعْدَ غَدٍ، فَأَعْمَلُ لَهُمْ، ثُمَّ أَقْضِيكَ الَّذِي لَكَ. قَالَ مَجْدِيٌّ: صَدَقْتِ، ثُمَّ خَلَّصَ بَيْنَهُمَا. وَسَمِعَ ذَلِكَ عَدِيٌّ وَبَسْبَسُ، فَجَلَسَا عَلَى بَعِيرَيْهِمَا، ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَا حَتَّى أَتَيَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَخْبَرَاهُ بِمَا سَمِعَا.
Translation
✧ [The Messenger ﷺ and Abū Bakr seek news of Quraysh] Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ departed from Dhafirān and took a route through mountain passes called al-Aṣāfir. Then he descended from them to a place called al-Dabba, leaving al-Ḥannān on the right—a great sand dune like a huge mountain. Then he encamped near Badr and rode out with a man from his companions. Ibn Hishām said: The man was Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq. Ibn Isḥāq said, as Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā b. Ḥibbān narrated to me: Until he stopped at an old man of the Arabs and asked him about Quraysh, about Muḥammad and his companions, and what he had heard concerning them. The old man said: "I will not tell you until you tell me from whom you are." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "When you inform us, we will inform you." He said: "That for that?" He said: "Yes." The old man said: "It has reached me that Muḥammad and his companions set out on such-and-such a day. If the one who told me was truthful, they are today at such-and-such a place—the place where the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was. And it has reached me that Quraysh set out on such-and-such a day. If the one who told me was truthful, they are today at such-and-such a place—the place where Quraysh was." When he finished his report, he said: "From whom are you?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "We are from water." Then he departed from him. He said: The old man said: "From what water? From the water of Iraq?" Ibn Hishām said: It is said that the old man was Sufyān al-Ḍamarī. [The Muslims capture two men of Quraysh who inform them of their news] Ibn Isḥāq said: Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned to his companions. When evening came, he sent ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib, al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām, and Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ with a group of his companions to the water of Badr to seek news for him—as Yazīd b. Rūmān narrated to me from ʿUrwa b. al-Zubayr. They captured a water-carrier of Quraysh, among whom were Aslam, the slave of Banū al-Ḥajjāj, and ʿArīḍ Abū Yasār, the slave of Banū al-ʿĀṣ b. Saʿīd. They brought them and questioned them, while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was standing in prayer. They said: "We are water-carriers of Quraysh; they sent us to give them water." The people disliked their report and hoped they belonged to Abū Sufyān, so they beat them. When they pressed them hard, they said: "We belong to Abū Sufyān." So they left them. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ bowed and prostrated twice, then said the salutation and said: "When they tell you the truth, you beat them, and when they lie to you, you leave them. They spoke the truth; by Allah, they belong to Quraysh. Tell me about Quraysh." They said: "They are, by Allah, behind this sand dune that you see, on the farther bank—the dune is al-ʿAqanqal." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to them: "How many are the people?" They said: "Many." He said: "What is their number?" They said: "We do not know." He said: "How many camels do they slaughter each day?" They said: "One day nine, and one day ten." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The people are between nine hundred and a thousand." Then he said to them: "Who among them are the nobles of Quraysh?" They said: "ʿUtba b. Rabīʿa, Shayba b. Rabīʿa, Abū al-Bakhtarī b. Hishām, Ḥakīm b. Ḥizām, Nawfal b. Khuwaylid, al-Ḥārith b. ʿĀmir b. Nawfal, Ṭuʿayma b. ʿAdī b. Nawfal, al-Naḍr b. al-Ḥārith, Zamaʿa b. al-Aswad, Abū Jahl b. Hishām, Umayya b. Khalaf, Nubayh and Munabbih the two sons of al-Ḥajjāj, Suhayl b. ʿAmr, and ʿAmr b. ʿAbd Wudd." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ turned to the people and said: "This is Makkah; she has thrown to you her most precious pieces of her liver." [Basbas and ʿAdī spy for news] Ibn Isḥāq said: Basbas b. ʿAmr and ʿAdī b. Abī al-Zaghbāʾ had gone on until they alighted at Badr and made their camels kneel by a hill near the water. Then they took a waterskin of theirs to draw water, while Majdī b. ʿAmr al-Juhanī was at the water. ʿAdī and Basbas heard two slave-girls of the settlement quarreling at the water, the one being held saying to her companion: "The caravan will come tomorrow or the day after, so I will work for them and then pay you what I owe you." Majdī said: "She spoke the truth," and then separated them. ʿAdī and Basbas heard that, mounted their camels, and went off until they came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and informed him of what they had heard.
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