Tarikh (al-Tabari) 962
The Great Expedition of Badr
فَتَجَهَّزَ النَّاسُ سِرَاعًا وَقَالُوا: أَيَظُنُّ مُحَمَّدٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ أَنْ تَكُونَ كَعِيرِ ابْنِ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ -أَيِ الْآتِي فِي السَّرَايَا- كَلَّا وَاللَّهِ لَيَعْلَمَنَّ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ، فَكَانُوا بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ، إِمَّا خَارِجٌ وَإِمَّا بَاعِثٌ مَكَانَهُ رَجُلًا، وَكَانَ جِهَازُهُمْ فِي ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ، وَيُقَالُ: فِي يَوْمَيْنِ، وَأَعَانَ قَوِيُّهُمْ ضَعِيفَهُمْ. وَقَالَ سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، وَزَمْعَةُ بْنُ الْأَسْوَدِ، وَطُعَيْمَةُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، وَحَنْظَلَةُ بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ يَحُضُّونَ النَّاسَ عَلَى الْخُرُوجِ. وَقَالَ سُهَيْلٌ: يَا آلَ غَالِبٍ أَتَارَكُونَ أَنْتُمْ مُحَمَّدًا وَالصُّبَاةَ مَعَهُ مِنْ شُبَّانِكُمْ، وَأَهْلَ يَثْرِبَ يَأْخُذُونَ عِيرَانَكُمْ وَأَمْوَالَكُمْ، مَنْ أَرَادَ مَالًا فَهَذَا مَالِي، وَمَنْ أَرَادَ قُوَّةً فَهَذِهِ قُوَّتِي، فَمَدَحَهُ أُمَيَّةُ بْنُ أَبِي الصَّلْتٍ بِأَبْيَاتٍ، وَمَشَى نَوْفَلُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْقُوَّةِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، فَكَلَّمَهُمْ فِي بَذْلِ النَّفَقَةِ وَالْحُمْلَانِ لِمَنْ خَرَجَ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ: هَذِهِ خَمْسُمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ فَضَعْهَا حَيْثُ رَأَيْتَ، وَأَخَذَ مِنْ حُوَيْطِبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى مِائَتَيْ دِينَارٍ، وَيُقَالُ: ثَلَاثَمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ، وَقَوِيَ بِهَا فِي السِّلَاحِ وَالظَّهْرِ، وَحَمَلَ طُعَيْمَةُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ عَلَى عِشْرِينَ بَعِيرًا، وَقَوَّاهُمْ وَخَلَّفَهُمْ فِي أَهْلِهِمْ بِمَعُونَةٍ، وَلَمْ يَتْرُكُوا كَارِهًا لِلْخُرُوجِ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُ فِي صَفِّ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ، وَلَا مُسْلِمًا يَعْلَمُونَ إِسْلَامَهُ، وَلَا أَحَدًا مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، إِلَّا مَنْ لَا يَتَّهِمُونَ، إِلَّا أَشْخَصُوهُ مَعَهُمْ، وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ أَشْخَصُوا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَنَوْفَلُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ وَطَالِبُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَعَقِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فِي آخَرِينَ. وَكَانَ لَا يَتَخَلَّفُ أَحَدٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ إِلَّا بَعَثَ مَكَانُهُ بَعِيثًا، وَمَشَوْا إِلَى أَبِي لَهَبٍ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَخْرُجَ أَوْ يَبْعَثَ أَحَدًا. وَيُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ بَعَثَ مَكَانَهُ الْعَاصَ بْنَ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ -وَأَسْلَمَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ- وَكَانَ قَدْ لِيطَ لَهُ بِأَرْبَعَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ، أَفْلَسَ بِهَا، فَاسْتَأْجَرَهُ عَلَى أَنْ يَجْزِيَ عَنْهُ بَعْثَهُ، فَخَرَجَ عَنْهُ وَتَخَلَّفَ أَبُو لَهَبٍ، مَنَعَهُ مِنَ الْخُرُوجِ رُؤْيَا عَاتِكَةَ فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: رُؤْيَا عَاتِكَةَ كَأَخْذٍ بِالْيَدِ، وَاسْتَقْسَمَ أُمَيَّةُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ، وَعُتْبَةُ، وَشَيْبَةُ، وَزَمْعَةُ بْنُ الْأَسْوَدِ، وَعُمَيْرُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، وَحَكِيمُ بْنُ حِزَامٍ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ، عِنْدَ هُبَلَ بِالْآمِرِ وَالنَّاهِي مِنَ الْأَزْلَامِ، فَخَرَجَ الْقَدَحُ النَّاهِي عَنِ الْخُرُوجِ، فَأَجْمَعُوا الْمُقَامَ حَتَّى أَزْعَجَهُمْ أَبُو جَهْلِ بْنُ هِشَامٍ. وَلَمَّا أَجْمَعَ أُمَيَّةُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ الْقُعُودَ -وَكَانَ شَيْخًا جَلِيلًا، جَسِيمًا ثَقِيلًا- أَتَاهُ عُقْبَةَ بْنُ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ، وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ بَيْنَ ظَهَرَانَيْ قَوْمِهِ، بِمِجْمَرَةٍ فِيهَا نَارٌ وَمِجْمَرٍ حَتَّى وَضَعَهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا أَبَا عَلِيٍّ اسْتَجْمِرْ؛ فَإِنَّمَا أَنْتَ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ، فَقَالَ: قَبَّحَكَ اللَّهُ وَقَبَّحَ مَا جِئْتَ بِهِ، ثُمَّ تَجَهَّزَ وَخَرَجَ مَعَ النَّاسِ. سعد بن معاذ ورده على أبي جهل وإخباره أمية بقتل النبي ﷺ له وَقَدْ رَوَاهَا الْبُخَارِيُّ عَلَى نَحْوٍ آخَرَ، فَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُرَيْحُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، ثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ حَدَّثَ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ صَدِيقًا لِأُمَيَّةَ بْنِ خَلَفٍ، وَكَانَ أُمَيَّةُ إِذَا مَرَّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، نَزَلَ عَلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ، وَكَانَ سَعْدٌ إِذَا مَرَّ بِمَكَّةَ نَزَلَ عَلَى أُمَيَّةَ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ، انْطَلَقَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ مُعْتَمِرًا، فَنَزَلَ عَلَى أُمَيَّةَ بِمَكَّةَ، فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ لِأُمَيَّةَ: انْظُرْ لِي سَاعَةَ خَلْوَةٍ، لَعَلِّي أَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ. فَخَرَجَ بِهِ قَرِيبًا مِنْ نِصْفِ النَّهَارِ، فَلَقِيَهُمَا أَبُو جَهْلٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا صَفْوَانَ مَنْ هَذَا مَعَكَ ؟ قَالَ: هَذَا سَعْدٌ. قَالَ لَهُ أَبُو جَهْلٍ: أَلَا أَرَاكَ تَطُوفُ بِمَكَّةَ آمِنًا، وَقَدْ آوَيْتُمُ الصُّبَاةَ، وَزَعَمْتُمْ أَنَّكُمْ تَنْصُرُونَهُمْ وَتُعِينُونَهُمْ، أَمَا وَاللَّهِ، لَوْلَا أَنَّكَ مَعَ أَبِي صَفْوَانَ، مَا رَجَعْتَ إِلَى أَهْلِكَ سَالِمًا. فَقَالَ لَهُ سَعْدٌ، وَرَفَعَ صَوْتَهُ عَلَيْهِ: أَمَا وَاللَّهِ، لَئِنْ مَنَعْتَنِي هَذَا، لَأَمْنَعَنَّكَ مَا هُوَ أَشَدُّ عَلَيْكَ مِنْهُ، طَرِيقَكَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ. فَقَالَ لَهُ أُمَيَّةُ: لَا تَرْفَعْ صَوْتَكَ يَا سَعْدُ عَلَى أَبِي الْحَكَمِ، فَإِنَّهُ سَيِّدُ أَهْلِ الْوَادِي، قَالَ سَعْدٌ دَعْنَا عَنْكَ يَا أُمَيَّةَ، فَوَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: " إِنَّهُمْ قَاتِلُوكَ ". قَالَ: بِمَكَّةَ ؟ قَالَ: لَا أَدْرِي. فَفَزِعَ لِذَلِكَ أُمَيَّةُ فَزَعًا شَدِيدًا، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ قَالَ: يَا أُمَّ صَفْوَانَ، أَلَمْ تَرَيْ مَا قَالَ لِي سَعْدٌ ؟ قَالَتْ: وَمَا قَالُ لَكَ ؟ قَالَ: زَعَمَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا أَخْبَرَهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ قَاتِلِيَّ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: بِمَكَّةَ ؟ قَالَ لَا أَدْرِي. فَقَالَ أُمَيَّةُ: وَاللَّهِ لَا أَخْرُجُ مِنْ مَكَّةَ. فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ، اسْتَنْفَرَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ: أَدْرِكُوا عِيرَكُمْ. فَكَرِهَ أُمَيَّةُ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ، فَأَتَاهُ أَبُو جَهْلٍ فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا صَفْوَانَ، إِنَّكَ مَتَى يَرَاكَ النَّاسُ قَدْ تَخَلَّفْتَ وَأَنْتَ سَيِّدُ أَهْلِ الْوَادِي، تَخَلَّفُوا مَعَكَ. فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ أَبُو جَهْلٍ حَتَّى قَالَ: أَمَّا إِذْ غَلَبْتَنِي، فَوَاللَّهِ لَأَشْتَرِيَنَّ أَجْوَدَ بِعِيرٍ بِمَكَّةَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ أُمَيَّةُ: يَا أُمَّ صَفْوَانَ، جَهِّزِينِي. فَقَالَتْ لَهُ: يَا أَبَا صَفْوَانَ، وَقَدْ نَسِيتَ مَا قَالَ لَكَ أَخُوكَ الْيَثْرِبِيُّ ؟ قَالَ: لَا، وَمَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَجُوزَ مَعَهُمْ إِلَّا قَرِيبًا. فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ أُمَيَّةُ، أَخَذَ لَا يَنْزِلُ مَنْزِلًا إِلَّا عَقَلَ بَعِيرَهُ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى قَتَلَهُ اللَّهُ بِبَدْرٍ.
Translation
✧ The people hastened to prepare and said: Does Muhammad and his companions think that it will be like the caravan of Ibn al-Ḥaḍramī—that is, the one that came in the expeditions? No, by Allah, he will surely know otherwise. They were between two men: either going out himself or sending a man in his place. Their equipment was prepared in three days, and it is said in two days, and their strong assisted their weak. Suhayl b. ʿAmr, Zamʿah b. al-Aswad, Ṭuʿaymah b. ʿAdī, and Ḥanẓalah b. Abī Sufyān urged the people to go out. Suhayl said: O family of Ghālib, will you leave Muhammad and the apostates with him from among your youths, and the people of Yathrib to take your caravans and your wealth? Whoever wants wealth, here is my wealth, and whoever wants strength, here is my strength. Umayyah b. Abī al-Ṣalt praised him with some verses. Nawfal b. Muʿāwiyah went to the powerful men of Quraysh and spoke to them about providing funds and mounts for those who went out. ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Rabīʿah said: Here are five hundred dinars; place them where you see fit. He took from Ḥuwayṭib b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā two hundred dinars, and it is said three hundred dinars, and strengthened himself with them in arms and mounts. Ṭuʿaymah b. ʿAdī provided mounts on twenty camels and strengthened them and left them in their families with assistance. They did not leave anyone who was reluctant to go out, thinking that he was in the ranks of Muhammad and his companions, nor any Muslim whose Islam they knew, nor anyone from Banū Hāshim, except those they did not suspect, without forcing him to go with them. Among those they forced out were al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, Nawfal b. al-Ḥārith, Ṭālib b. Abī Ṭālib, and ʿAqīl b. Abī Ṭālib, among others. No one from Quraysh stayed behind except that he sent a substitute in his place. They went to Abū Lahab, and he refused to go out or send anyone. It is said that he sent in his place al-ʿĀṣ b. Hishām b. al-Mughīrah—who later embraced Islam—and he had owed him four thousand dirhams, which he had become bankrupt with, so he hired him to serve as his substitute, and he went out for him while Abū Lahab stayed behind. He was prevented from going out by ʿĀtikah's dream, for he used to say: ʿĀtikah's dream is like a taking by the hand. Umayyah b. Khalaf, ʿUtbah, Shaybah, Zamʿah b. al-Aswad, ʿUmayr b. Wahb, Ḥakīm b. Ḥizām, and others sought divination by arrows before Hubal with the commanding and forbidding arrows, and the arrow forbidding going out came out, so they resolved to stay until Abū Jahl b. Hishām forced them to leave. When Umayyah b. Khalaf resolved to stay—he was an elderly, venerable, large, heavy man—ʿUqbah b. Abī Muʿayṭ came to him while he was sitting in the mosque among his people, with a censer containing fire and incense, and placed it before him, then said: O Abū ʿAlī, cense yourself, for you are but one of the women. He said: May Allah disfigure you and disfigure what you have brought. Then he prepared and went out with the people. Saʿd b. Muʿādh and his reply to Abū Jahl and his informing Umayyah of the Prophet ﷺ saying that they would kill him Al-Bukhārī narrated it in another manner, saying: Aḥmad b. ʿUthmān narrated to me, Shurayḥ b. Maslamah narrated to us, Ibrāhīm b. Yūsuf narrated to us, from his father, from Abū Isḥāq, ʿAmr b. Maymūn narrated to me that he heard ʿAbd Allāh b. Masʿūd narrate from Saʿd b. Muʿādh that he was a friend of Umayyah b. Khalaf, and Umayyah, when he passed by Madinah, stayed with Saʿd b. Muʿādh, and Saʿd, when he passed by Makkah, stayed with Umayyah. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to Madinah, Saʿd b. Muʿādh went to perform ʿumrah and stayed with Umayyah in Makkah. Saʿd said to Umayyah: Find for me a time of seclusion, perhaps I can circumambulate the House. He went out with him near midday, and Abū Jahl met them and said: O Abū Ṣafwān, who is this with you? He said: This is Saʿd. Abū Jahl said to him: Do I not see you circumambulating Makkah in safety, while you have sheltered the apostates, and you claim that you will support them and help them? By Allah, were it not that you are with Abū Ṣafwān, you would not return to your family safely. Saʿd said to him, raising his voice at him: By Allah, if you prevent me from this, I will prevent you from what is more severe upon you than it—your road to Madinah. Umayyah said to him: Do not raise your voice, O Saʿd, at Abū al-Ḥakam, for he is the chief of the people of the valley. Saʿd said: Leave us, O Umayyah, for by Allah, I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "They will kill you." He said: In Makkah? He said: I do not know. Umayyah was greatly alarmed by that. When he returned to his family, he said: O Umm Ṣafwān, do you not see what Saʿd said to me? She said: And what did he say to you? He said: He claimed that Muhammad informed them that they would kill me. I said to him: In Makkah? He said: I do not know. Umayyah said: By Allah, I will not leave Makkah. When the Day of Badr came, Abū Jahl called the people to arms and said: Reach your caravan. Umayyah disliked going out, so Abū Jahl came to him and said: O Abū Ṣafwān, when the people see that you have stayed behind while you are the chief of the people of the valley, they will stay behind with you. Abū Jahl kept at him until he said: Since you have overcome me, by Allah, I will buy the best camel in Makkah. Then Umayyah said: O Umm Ṣafwān, prepare me. She said to him: O Abū Ṣafwān, have you forgotten what your Yathribī brother said to you? He said: No, and I do not intend to go far with them, only a short distance. When Umayyah went out, he began not to stop at any station except that he hobbled his camel, and he continued thus until Allah killed him at Badr.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.