Tarikh (al-Tabari) 960
The Great Expedition of Badr
وَكَانَ الَّذِي هَاجَ هَذِهِ الْوَقْعَةَ وَغَيْرَهَا مِنَ الْحُرُوبِ بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبَيْنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَتْلَ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ. فَتَحَيَّنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ انْصِرَافَ الْعِيرِ الَّتِي طَلَبَهَا بِذِي الْعَشِيرَةِ، فَبَعَثَ طَلْحَةَ، وَسَعِيدَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ يَتَحَسَّسَانِ خَبَرَهَا، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَا وَجَدَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَدْ خَرَجَ، وَكَانَ قَدْ نَدَبَ أَصْحَابَهُ وَأَخْبَرَهُمْ بِمَا مَعَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ مِنَ الْمَالِ مَعَ قِلَّةِ عَدَدِهِ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَمِعَ بِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ صَخْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ مُقْبِلًا مِنَ الشَّامِ فِي عِيرٍ لِقُرَيْشٍ عَظِيمَةٍ، فِيهَا أَمْوَالٌ وَتِجَارَةٌ، وَفِيهَا ثَلَاثُونَ رَجُلًا أَوْ أَرْبَعُونَ، مِنْهُمْ مَخْرَمَةُ بْنُ نَوْفَلٍ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ. قَالَ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ: كَانَ ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ مَقْتَلِ ابْنِ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ بِشَهْرَيْنِ. قَالَ: وَكَانَ فِي الْعِيرِ أَلْفُ بَعِيرٍ، تَحْمِلُ أَمْوَالَ قُرَيْشٍ بِأَسْرِهَا إِلَّا حُوَيْطِبَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى، فَلِهَذَا تَخَلَّفَ عَنْ بَدْرٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: فَحَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ، وَعَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ رُومَانَ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ مِنْ عُلَمَائِنَا، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، كُلٌّ قَدْ حَدَّثَنِي بَعْضَ الْحَدِيثِ، فَاجْتَمَعَ حَدِيثُهُمْ فِيمَا سُقْتُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ بَدْرٍ، قَالُوا: لَمَّا سَمِعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ مُقْبِلًا مِنَ الشَّامِ، نَدَبَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَقَالَ: " هَذِهِ عِيرُ قُرَيْشٍ فِيهَا أَمْوَالُهُمْ فَاخْرُجُوا إِلَيْهَا لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ يُنَفِّلُكُمُوهَا " فَانْتَدَبَ النَّاسُ فَخَفَّ بَعْضُهُمْ وَثَقُلَ بَعْضٌ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَظُنُّوا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَلْقَى حَرْبًا، وَكَانَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ، حِينَ دَنَا مِنَ الْحِجَازِ، يَتَحَسَّسُ الْأَخْبَارَ، وَيَسْأَلُ مَنْ لَقِيَ مِنَ الرُّكْبَانِ، تَخَوُّفًا عَلَى أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ، حَتَّى أَصَابَ خَبَرًا مِنْ بَعْضِ الرُّكْبَانِ؛ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدِ اسْتَنْفَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ لَكَ وَلِعِيرِكَ، فَحَذِرَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ، فَاسْتَأْجَرَ ضَمْضَمَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو الْغِفَارِيَّ، فَبَعَثَهُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ قُرَيْشًا فَيَسْتَنْفِرَهُمْ إِلَى أَمْوَالِهِمْ، وَيُخْبِرَهُمْ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ عَرَضَ لَهَا فِي أَصْحَابِهِ، فَخَرَجَ ضَمْضَمُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو سَرِيعًا إِلَى مَكَّةَ.
Translation
✧ What stirred up this encounter and other wars between the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the polytheists was the killing of ʿAmr b. al-Ḥaḍramī. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ waited for the return of the caravan which he had sought at Dhū al-ʿUshayrah, and he sent Ṭalḥah and Saʿīd b. Zayd to seek news of it. When they returned, they found that the Prophet ﷺ had already set out, and he had summoned his companions and informed them of the wealth with Abū Sufyān despite their small number. Ibn Isḥāq, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ heard of Abū Sufyān Ṣakhr b. Ḥarb coming from Syria with a great caravan of Quraysh, containing wealth and merchandise, and in it were thirty or forty men, among them Makhramah b. Nawfal and ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ. Mūsā b. ʿUqbah said, on the authority of al-Zuhrī: That was two months after the killing of Ibn al-Ḥaḍramī. He said: In the caravan were a thousand camels carrying all the wealth of Quraysh except Ḥuwayṭib b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā, and for this reason he stayed behind from Badr. Ibn Isḥāq said: Muḥammad b. Muslim b. Shihāb, ʿĀṣim b. ʿUmar b. Qatādah, ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Bakr, and Yazīd b. Rūmān narrated to me, on the authority of ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr and others of our scholars, on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, each having narrated to me part of the ḥadīth, and their ḥadīth came together in what I have transmitted of the ḥadīth of Badr. They said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ heard of Abū Sufyān coming from Syria, he summoned the Muslims against them and said: "This is the caravan of Quraysh, containing their wealth, so go out to it, perhaps Allah will grant it to you as spoil." The people responded, some being light and some heavy, because they did not think that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would meet war. Abū Sufyān, when he drew near to the Ḥijāz, sought news and asked those he met among the riders, out of fear for the people's wealth, until he obtained news from some of the riders that Muḥammad had summoned his companions against him and his caravan. He became cautious at that, and he hired Ḍamḍam b. ʿAmr al-Ghifārī and sent him to Makkah, commanding him to go to Quraysh and summon them to their wealth, and to inform them that Muḥammad had confronted it with his companions. So Ḍamḍam b. ʿAmr went out quickly to Makkah.
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