Tarikh (al-Tabari) 945
The Expedition of al-ʿUshayra
غَزْوَةُ الْعُشَيْرَةِ . وَبِالْمُهْمَلَةِ وَالْعُشَيْرُ وَبِالْمُهْمَلَةِ وَالْعُشَيْرَاءُ وَبِالْمُهْمَلَةِ. وَيُقَالُ ذَاتُ الْعُشَيْرَةِ وَالْعُشَيْرِ، وَهُوَ مَوْضِعٌ بِبَطْنِ يَنْبُعَ، وَهُوَ مَنْزِلُ الْحَاجِّ الْمِصْرِيِّ. وقد خَرَجَ إِلَيْهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيمَا قَالَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ فِي جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةِ عَلَى رَأْسِ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا مِنْ مُهَاجَرِهِ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَابْنُ حَزْمٍ وَغَيْرُهُمَا: فِي جُمَادَى الْأُولَى، وَحَمَلَ لِوَاءَهُ -وَكَانَ أَبْيَضَ- حَمْزَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ ؓ، وَاسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ أَبَا سَلَمَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْأَسَدِ، وَخَرَجَ فِي مِائَةٍ وَخَمْسِينَ، وَيُقَالُ فِي مِائَتَيْنِ، مِمَّنِ انْتَدَبَ، وَلَمْ يُكْرِهْ أَحَدًا عَلَى الْخُرُوجِ. وَخَرَجُوا فِي ثَلَاثِينَ بَعِيرًا يَعْتَقِبُونَهَا، يَعْتَرِضُ عِيرًا لِقُرَيْشٍ، وَكَانَ قَدْ جَاءَهُ الْخَبَرُ بِفُصُولِ الْعِيرِ مِنْ مَكَّةَ تُرِيدُ الشَّامَ، وَقَدْ جَمَعَتْ قُرَيْشٌ أَمْوَالَهَا فِي تِلْكَ الْعِيرِ قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَسَلَكَ عَلَى نَقْبِ بَنِي دِينَارٍ، ثُمَّ عَلَى فَيْفَاءِ الْخَبَارِ، فَنَزَلَ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ بِبَطْحَاءِ ابْنِ أَزْهَرَ، يُقَالُ لَهَا: ذَاتُ السَّاقِ، فَصَلَّى عِنْدَهَا. فَثَمَّ مَسْجِدُهُ ﷺ، وَصُنِعَ لَهُ عِنْدَهَا طَعَامٌ، فَأَكَلَ مِنْهُ، وَأَكَلَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ، فَمَوْضِعُ أَثَافِيِّ الْبُرْمَةِ مَعْلُومٌ هُنَالِكَ، وَاسْتُقِيَ لَهُ مِنْ مَاءٍ بِهِ، يُقَالُ لَهُ: الْمُشْتَرِبُ، ثُمَّ ارْتَحَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتَرَكَ الْخَلَائِقَ بِيَسَارِ، وَسَلَكَ شُعْبَةً يُقَالُ لَهَا: شُعْبَةُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَذَلِكَ اسْمُهَا الْيَوْمُ، ثُمَّ صَبَّ لِلْيَسَارِ حَتَّى هَبَطَ يَلَيْلَ، فَنَزَلَ بِمُجْتَمَعِهِ وَمُجْتَمَعِ الضَّبُوعَةِ، وَاسْتَقَى مِنْ بِئْرٍ بِالضَّبُوعَةِ، ثُمَّ سَلَكَ الْفَرْشَ: فَرْشَ مَلَلٍ، حَتَّى لَقِيَ الطَّرِيقَ بِصُحَيْرَاتِ الْيَمَامِ، ثُمَّ اعْتَدَلَ بِهِ الطَّرِيقُ، حَتَّى نَزَلَ الْعُشَيْرَةَ مِنْ بَطْنِ يَنْبُعَ. فَوَجَدَ الْعِيرَ قَدْ مَضَتْ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ بِأَيَّامٍ، وَهِيَ الْعِيرُ الَّتِي خَرَجَ إِلَيْهَا حِينَ رَجَعَتْ مِنَ الشَّامِ، وَكَانَ سَبَبُهَا وَقْعَةُ بَدْرٍ الْكُبْرَى. قَالَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو: أَخَذَ ﷺ عَلَى طَرِيقِ مَلَلٍ إِلَى الْعُشَيْرَةِ، فَأَقَامَ هُنَاكَ بَقِيَّةَ جُمَادَى الْأُولَى وَلَيَالِيَ مِنْ جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةِ، وَوَادَعَ فِيهَا بَنِي مُدْلِجٍ وَحُلَفَاءَهُمْ مِنْ بَنِي ضَمْرَةَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَلَمْ يَلْقَ كَيْدًا. [ تَكْنِيَةُ الرَّسُولِ ﷺ لِعَلِيِّ بِأَبِي تُرَابٍ ] وَفِي تِلْكَ الْغَزْوَةِ قَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ مَا قَالَ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَحَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَيْثَمٍ الْمُحَارِبِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَيْثَمٍ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَنَا وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَفِيقَيْنِ فِي غَزْوَةِ الْعُشَيْرَةِ؛ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَقَامَ بِهَا؛ رَأَيْنَا أُنَاسًا مِنْ بَنِي مُدْلِجَ يَعْمَلُونَ فِي عَيْنٍ لَهُمْ وَفِي نَخْلٍ؛ فَقَالَ لِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ: يَا أَبَا الْيَقْظَانِ، هَلْ لَكَ فِي أَنْ تَأْتِيَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمَ، فَنَنْظُرُ كَيْفَ يَعْمَلُونَ ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: إنْ شِئْتَ؛ قَالَ: فَجِئْنَاهُمْ، فَنَظَرْنَا إلَى عَمَلِهِمْ سَاعَةً، ثُمَّ غَشِيَنَا النَّوْمُ. فَانْطَلَقْتُ أَنَا وَعَلِيٌّ حَتَّى اضْطَجَعْنَا فِي صُورٍ مِنْ النَّخْلِ، وَفِي دَقْعَاءَ مِنْ التُّرَابِ فَنِمْنَا، فَوَاَللَّهِ مَا أَهَبَّنَا إلَّا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ يُحَرِّكُنَا بِرِجْلِهِ. وَقَدْ تَتَرَّبْنَا مِنْ تِلْكَ الدَّقْعَاءِ الَّتِي نِمْنَا فِيهَا، فَيَوْمَئِذٍ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ: مَا لَكَ يَا أَبَا تُرَابٍ ؟ لِمَا يَرَى عَلَيْهِ مِنْ التُّرَابِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَلَا أُحَدِّثُكُمَا بِأَشْقَى النَّاسِ رَجُلَيْنِ ؟ قُلْنَا: بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، قَالَ: أُحَيْمِرُ ثَمُودٍ الَّذِي عَقَرَ النَّاقَةَ، وَاَلَّذِي يَضْرِبُكَ يَا عَلِيُّ عَلَى هَذِهِ - وَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى قَرْنِهِ - حَتَّى يَبُلَّ مِنْهَا هَذِهِ. وَأَخَذَ بِلِحْيَتِهِ قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَقَدْ حَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ إنَّمَا سَمَّى عَلِيًّا أَبَا تُرَابٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ إذَا عَتَبَ عَلَى فَاطِمَةَ فِي شَيْءٍ لَمْ يُكَلِّمْهَا، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ لَهَا شَيْئًا تَكْرَهُهُ، إلَّا أَنَّهُ يَأْخُذُ تُرَابًا فَيَضَعُهُ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ. قَالَ: فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إذَا رَأَى عَلَيْهِ التُّرَابَ عَرَفَ أَنَّهُ عَاتِبٌ عَلَى فَاطِمَةَ، فَيَقُولُ: مَا لَكَ يَا أَبَا تُرَابٍ فَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَيَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ.
Translation
✧ The Expedition of al-ʿUshayra. With the unpointed letter, and al-ʿUshayr with the unpointed letter, and al-ʿUshayrāʾ with the unpointed letter. It is also said Dhāt al-ʿUshayra and al-ʿUshayr. It is a place in the interior of Yanbuʿ, and it is a station of the Egyptian pilgrims. The Messenger of God ﷺ went out to it, according to what Ibn Saʿd said, in Jumādā al-Ākhirah, at the beginning of sixteen months from his emigration. Ibn Isḥāq, Ibn Ḥazm, and others said: In Jumādā al-Ūlā. He carried his banner—and it was white—Ḥamzah b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ؓ. He appointed Abū Salamah b. ʿAbd al-Asad as his deputy over Madinah. He went out with one hundred and fifty, and it is said two hundred, of those who volunteered, and he did not compel anyone to go out. They went out on thirty camels, taking turns riding them. He sought to intercept a caravan of Quraysh. News had come to him of the caravan's departure from Makkah, heading to Syria. Quraysh had gathered their wealth in that caravan. Ibn Isḥāq said: He took the mountain pass of Banū Dīnār, then on to Fayfāʾ al-Khabār, then he alighted under a tree at Baṭḥāʾ Ibn Azhar, called Dhāt al-Sāq. He prayed there, and there is his mosque ﷺ. Food was prepared for him there, and he ate from it, and the people ate with him. The place of the cooking-pot's stones is known there. Water was drawn for him from a spring there called al-Mushtarb. Then the Messenger of God ﷺ departed, leaving al-Khalāʾiq on his left, and he took a path called Shuʿbah ʿAbd Allāh, which is its name today. Then he descended to the left until he reached Yalyal, and he alighted at its meeting point and the meeting point of al-Ḍabūʿah. He drew water from a well at al-Ḍabūʿah. Then he took al-Farsh: Farsh Malal, until he met the road at Ṣuḥayrāt al-Yamām. Then the road led him straight until he alighted at al-ʿUshayrah in the interior of Yanbuʿ. He found that the caravan had passed days before. It is the caravan that he went out to when it returned from Syria, and its affair was the cause of the great Battle of Badr. Abū ʿAmr said: He ﷺ took the road of Malal to al-ʿUshayrah. He stayed there for the remainder of Jumādā al-Ūlā and some nights of Jumādā al-Ākhirah. He made peace there with Banū Mudlij and their allies from Banū Ḍamrah, then he returned to Madinah without encountering any hostility. [The Prophet ﷺ's giving ʿAlī the kunyah Abū Turāb] In that expedition, he said to ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib ﷺ what he said. Ibn Isḥāq said: Yazīd b. Muḥammad b. Khaytham al-Muḥāribī narrated to me, from Muḥammad b. Kaʿb al-Quraẓī, from Muḥammad b. Khaytham Abū Yazīd, from ʿAmmār b. Yāsir, who said: ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib and I were companions in the expedition of al-ʿUshayrah. When the Messenger of God ﷺ alighted there and stayed, we saw people of Banū Mudlij working in a spring of theirs and among palm trees. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib said to me: O Abū al-Yaqẓān, would you like to go to those people and see how they work? I said: If you wish. So we went to them and watched their work for a while. Then sleep overcame us. ʿAlī and I went and lay down in a patch of palm trees and on soft dust, and we slept. By God, nothing woke us but the Messenger of God ﷺ, moving us with his foot. We had become dusty from that soft dust in which we slept. On that day, the Messenger of God ﷺ said to ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib: What is with you, O Abū Turāb? Because of the dust he saw on him. Then he said: Shall I not tell you of the two most wretched of people? We said: Yes, O Messenger of God. He said: The red one of Thamūd who hamstrung the she-camel, and the one who will strike you, O ʿAlī, on this—and he placed his hand on his forehead—until this becomes wet from it. And he took hold of his beard. Ibn Isḥāq said: Some people of knowledge have narrated to me that the Messenger of God ﷺ called ʿAlī Abū Turāb only because when he was displeased with Fāṭimah about something, he did not speak to her and did not say anything she disliked, except that he would take dust and put it on his head. So when the Messenger of God ﷺ saw dust on him, he knew that he was displeased with Fāṭimah, and he would say: What is with you, O Abū Turāb? God knows best which of these it was.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.