Tarikh (al-Tabari) 928
Some matters that occurred between the Messenger ﷺ and the Jews, Christians, and hypocrites in al-Madinah al-Munawwarah
[ مَا نَزَلَ مِنْ الْقُرْآنِ فِي بَيَانِ آيَاتِ عِيسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ] ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَهَا بِمَا يُرِيدُ بِهِ، فَقَالَ: وَيُعَلِّمُهُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَالتَّوْرَاةَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ فِيهِمْ مِنْ عَهْدِ مُوسَى قَبْلَهُ وَالْإِنْجِيلَ كِتَابًا آخَرَ أَحْدَثَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إلَيْهِ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُمْ إلَّا ذِكْرُهُ أَنَّهُ كَائِنٌ مِنْ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ بَعْدَهُ وَرَسُولًا إِلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنِّي قَدْ جِئْتُكُمْ بِآيَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ أَيْ يُحَقِّقُ بِهَا نُبُوَّتِي، أَنِّي رَسُولٌ مِنْهُ إلَيْكُمْ أَنِّي أَخْلُقُ لَكُمْ مِنَ الطِّينِ كَهَيْئَةِ الطَّيْرِ فَأَنْفُخُ فِيهِ فَيَكُونُ طَيْرًا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي بَعَثَنِي إلَيْكُمْ، وَهُوَ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكُمْ وَأُبْرِئُ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ وَأُحْيِي الْمَوْتَى بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَأُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا تَأْكُلُونَ وَمَا تَدَّخِرُونَ فِي بُيُوتِكُمْ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَةً لَكُمْ أَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ مِنْ اللَّهِ إلَيْكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ وَمُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيَّ مِنَ التَّوْرَاةِ أَيْ لِمَا سَبَقَنِي عَنْهَا وَلِأُحِلَّ لَكُمْ بَعْضَ الَّذِي حُرِّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَيْ أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِهِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ عَلَيْكُمْ حَرَامًا فَتَرَكْتُمُوهُ، ثُمَّ أُحِلُّهُ لَكُمْ تَخْفِيفًا عَنْكُمْ، فَتُصِيبُونَ يُسْرَهُ وَتَخْرُجُونَ مِنْ تِبَاعَاتِهِ وَجِئْتُكُمْ بِآيَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكُمْ أَيْ تبريًّا مِنْ الَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ فِيهِ، وَاحْتِجَاجًا لِرَبِّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَاعْبُدُوهُ هَذَا صِرَاطٌ مُسْتَقِيمٌ أَيْ هَذَا الَّذِي قَدْ حَمَلْتُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ وَجِئْتُكُمْ بِهِ. فَلَمَّا أَحَسَّ عِيسَى مِنْهُمُ الْكُفْرَ وَالْعُدْوَانَ عَلَيْهِ، قَالَ مَنْ أَنْصَارِي إِلَى اللَّهِ قَالَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ نَحْنُ أَنْصَارُ اللَّهِ آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ هَذَا قَوْلُهُمْ الَّذِي أَصَابُوا بِهِ الْفَضْلَ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ وَاشْهَدْ بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ لَا مَا يَقُولُ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ يُحَاجُّونَكَ فِيهِ رَبَّنَا آمَنَّا بِمَا أَنْزَلْتَ وَاتَّبَعْنَا الرَّسُولَ فَاكْتُبْنَا مَعَ الشَّاهِدِينَ أَيْ هَكَذَا كَانَ قَوْلُهُمْ وَإِيمَانُهُمْ. [ رَفْعُ عِيسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ] ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ ( سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى ) رَفْعَهُ عِيسَى إلَيْهِ حَيْنَ اجْتَمَعُوا لِقَتْلِهِ، فَقَالَ: وَمَكَرُوا وَمَكَرَ اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ خَيْرُ الْمَاكِرِينَ ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَهُمْ وَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيمَا أَقَرُّوا لِلْيَهُودِ بِصَلْبِهِ، كَيْفَ رَفَعَهُ وَطَهَّرَهُ مِنْهُمْ، فَقَالَ: إِذْ قَالَ اللَّهُ يَا عِيسَى إِنِّي مُتَوَفِّيكَ وَرَافِعُكَ إِلَيَّ وَمُطَهِّرُكَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إذْ هَمُّوا مِنْكَ بِمَا هَمُّوا وَجَاعِلُ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوكَ فَوْقَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ ثُمَّ الْقِصَّةُ، حَتَّى انْتَهَى إلَى قَوْلِهِ: ذَلِكَ نَتْلُوهُ عَليْكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ وَالذِّكْرِ الْحَكِيمِ الْقَاطِعِ الْفَاصِلِ الْحَقِّ، الَّذِي لَا يُخَالِطُهُ الْبَاطِلُ، مِنْ الْخَبَرِ عَنْ عِيسَى، وَعَمَّا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ، فَلَا تَقْبَلَنَّ خَبَرًا غَيْرَهُ. إِنَّ مَثَلَ عِيسَى عِنْدَ اللَّهِ فَاسْتَمِعْ كَمَثَلِ آدَمَ خَلَقَهُ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكَ أَيْ مَا جَاءَكَ مِنْ الْخَبَرِ عَنْ عِيسَى فَلَا تَكُنْ مِنَ الْمُمْتَرِينَ أَيْ قَدْ جَاءَكَ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّكَ فَلَا تَمْتَرِيَنَّ فِيهِ، وَإِنْ قَالُوا: خُلِقَ عِيسَى مِنْ غَيْرِ ذَكَرٍ فَقَدْ خَلَقْتُ آدَمَ مِنْ تُرَابٍ، بِتِلْكَ الْقُدْرَةِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أُنْثَى وَلَا ذَكَرٍ، فَكَانَ كَمَا كَانَ عِيسَى لَحْمًا وَدَمًا، وَشَعْرًا وَبَشَرًا، فَلَيْسَ خَلْقُ عِيسَى مِنْ غَيْرِ ذَكَرٍ بِأَعْجَبَ مِنْ هَذَا. فَمَنْ حَاجَّكَ فِيهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ أَيْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا قَصَصْتُ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ خَبَرِهِ، وَكَيْفَ كَانَ أَمْرُهُ، فَقُلْ تَعَالَوْا نَدْعُ أَبْنَاءَنَا وَأَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَنِسَاءَنَا وَنِسَاءَكُمْ وَأَنْفُسَنَا وَأَنْفُسَكُمْ ثُمَّ نَبْتَهِلْ فَنَجْعَلْ لَعْنَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْكَاذِبِينَ قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: إِنَّ هَذَا الَّذِي جِئْتُ بِهِ مِنْ الْخَبَرِ عَنْ عِيسَى لَهُوَ الْقَصَصُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ وَمَا مِنْ إِلَهٍ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ بِالْمُفْسِدِينَ قُلْ يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ تَعَالَوْا إِلَى كَلِمَةٍ سَوَاءٍ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ أَلَّا نَعْبُدَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ وَلَا نُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَتَّخِذَ بَعْضُنَا بَعْضًا أَرْبَابًا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَقُولُوا اشْهَدُوا بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ فَدَعَاهُمْ إلَى النَّصَفِ، وَقَطَعَ عَنْهُمْ الْحُجَّةَ. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: فَبِمَا نَقْضِهِمْ مِيثَاقَهُمْ وَكُفْرِهِمْ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَقَتْلِهِمُ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ وَقَوْلِهِمْ قُلُوبُنَا غُلْفٌ بَلْ طَبَعَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا بِكُفْرِهِمْ فَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا وَبِكُفْرِهِمْ وَقَوْلِهِمْ عَلَى مَرْيَمَ بُهْتَانًا عَظِيمًا وَقَوْلِهِمْ إِنَّا قَتَلْنَا الْمَسِيحَ عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَمَا قَتَلُوهُ وَمَا صَلَبُوهُ وَلَكِنْ شُبِّهَ لَهُمْ وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ لَفِي شَكٍّ مِنْهُ مَا لَهُمْ بِهِ مِنْ عِلْمٍ إِلَّا اتِّبَاعَ الظَّنِّ وَمَا قَتَلُوهُ يَقِينًا بَلْ رَفَعَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا وَإِنْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا لَيُؤْمِنَنَّ بِهِ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيدًا [ النِّسَاءِ: 155 - 159 ].
Translation
✧ [ What was revealed of the Qur’an regarding the signs of ʿĪsā ﷺ ] Then He informed her of what He intended for him, and said: “And He will teach him the Book and wisdom and the Torah”—which had been among them from the time of Mūsā before him—“and the Injīl,” a new Book that God (mighty and glorious is He) brought into being for him, which they did not have except mention that it would come from among the prophets after him—“and a Messenger to the Children of Israel: ‘I have come to you with a sign from your Lord’”—that is, by which my prophethood is confirmed, that I am a Messenger from Him to you—“‘I will make for you out of clay the likeness of a bird, then I will breathe into it and it will be a bird by God’s permission’”—the One who sent me to you, and He is my Lord and your Lord—“‘and I will heal the blind and the leper and I will give life to the dead by God’s permission, and I will tell you what you eat and what you store up in your houses. Surely in that is a sign for you’”—that I am God’s Messenger from God to you—“‘if you are believers. And confirming the Torah that was before me’”—that is, what preceded me of it—“‘and to make lawful for you some of what was forbidden to you’”—that is, I inform you that it had been forbidden to you and you abandoned it, then I make it lawful for you as a lightening for you, so that you attain its ease and come out of its consequences—“‘And I have come to you with a sign from your Lord, so fear God and obey me. Surely God is my Lord and your Lord’”—that is, disavowing those who say concerning him, and arguing on behalf of his Lord against them—“‘so worship Him. This is a straight path’”—that is, this is what I have charged you with and brought to you. When ʿĪsā sensed disbelief from them and aggression against him, he said, “Who are my helpers toward God?” The disciples said, “We are God’s helpers; we believe in God”—this is their saying by which they attained excellence from their Lord—“and bear witness that we are Muslims”—not what these people say who dispute with you concerning him—“Our Lord, we believe in what You have sent down and we have followed the Messenger, so write us down among the witnesses”—that is, thus was their saying and their faith. [ The raising of ʿĪsā ﷺ ] Then He (glorified and exalted is He) mentioned His raising of ʿĪsā to Him when they gathered to kill him, and said: “And they plotted, and God plotted, and God is the best of plotters.” Then He informed them and refuted them regarding what they affirmed to the Jews of his crucifixion, how He raised him and purified him from them, and said: “When God said, ‘O ʿĪsā, I will take you and raise you to Me and purify you from those who disbelieve’”—when they intended against you what they intended—“‘and will make those who follow you above those who disbelieve until the Day of Resurrection.’” Then the story continues until He reaches His saying: “That We recite to you”—O Muhammad—“of the signs and the wise remembrance”—the decisive, separating truth, which falsehood does not mix with, of the report about ʿĪsā and about what they differed in concerning his affair, so do not accept any report other than it. “The likeness of ʿĪsā before God”—so listen—“is as the likeness of Adam: He created him from dust, then He said to him, ‘Be,’ and he was. The truth is from your Lord”—that is, what has come to you of the report about ʿĪsā—“so do not be among the doubters”—that is, the truth has come to you from your Lord, so do not doubt it. If they say, “ʿĪsā was created without a male,” then I created Adam from dust by that same power without female or male, and he became as ʿĪsā became—flesh and blood, hair and skin. So the creation of ʿĪsā without a male is no more wondrous than this. “Then whoever disputes with you concerning him after the knowledge that has come to you”—that is, after I have narrated to you his report and how his affair was—“say, ‘Come, let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves, then let us invoke and place God’s curse upon the liars.’” Ibn Isḥāq said: This which I have brought you of the report about ʿĪsā is indeed the true narrative—of his affair—“and there is no god but God, and indeed God is the Mighty, the Wise. If they turn away, then God knows the corrupters. Say, ‘O People of the Book, come to a word common between us and you: that we worship none but God and associate nothing with Him, and that none of us takes others as lords besides God.’ But if they turn away, then say, ‘Bear witness that we are Muslims.’” So he called them to fairness and cut off their argument. And He, exalted is He, said: “Because of their breaking their covenant and their disbelief in God’s signs and their killing of the prophets without right and their saying, ‘Our hearts are wrapped’—rather, God has sealed them because of their disbelief, so they do not believe except a little—and because of their disbelief and their saying about Maryam a great slander, and their saying, ‘We killed the Messiah ʿĪsā son of Maryam, the Messenger of God’—but they did not kill him or crucify him, but it was made to appear so to them. Those who differ concerning him are indeed in doubt about him; they have no knowledge of it except the following of conjecture, and they did not kill him with certainty. Rather, God raised him to Himself, and God is Mighty, Wise. And there is none of the People of the Book but will surely believe in him before his death, and on the Day of Resurrection he will be a witness against them.” [Al-Nisāʾ: 155–159].
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.