Tarikh (al-Tabari) 915
Some matters that occurred between the Messenger ﷺ and the Jews, Christians, and hypocrites in al-Madinah al-Munawwarah
[ أَمْرُهُمُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِالْبُخْلِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَ كَرْدَمُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، حَلِيفُ كَعْبِ بْنِ الْأَشْرَفِ، وَأُسَامَةُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، وَنَافِعُ بْنُ أَبِي نَافِعٍ، وَبَحْرِيُّ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، وَحُيَيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ، وَرِفَاعَةُ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ التَّابُوتِ، يَأْتُونَ رِجَالًا مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ كَانُوا يُخَالِطُونَهُمْ، يَنْتَصِحُونَ لَهُمْ، مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَيَقُولُونَ لَهُمْ: لَا تُنْفِقُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ فَإِنَّا نَخْشَى عَلَيْكُمْ الْفَقْرَ فِي ذَهَابِهَا، وَلَا تُسَارِعُوا فِي النَّفَقَةِ فَإِنَّكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ عَلَامَ يَكُونُ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِمْ: الَّذِينَ يَبْخَلُونَ وَيَأْمُرُونَ النَّاسَ بِالْبُخْلِ وَيَكْتُمُونَ مَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ أَيْ مِنْ التَّوْرَاةِ، الَّتِي فِيهَا تَصْدِيقُ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ وَأَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابًا مُهِينًا وَالَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ رِئَاءَ النَّاسِ وَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ إلَى قَوْلِهِ: وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِهِمْ عَلِيمًا [ جَحْدُهُمُ الْحَقَّ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَ رِفَاعَةُ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ التَّابُوتِ مِنْ عُظَمَاءِ يَهُودَ، إذَا كَلَّمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَوَى لِسَانَهُ، وَقَالَ: أَرْعِنَا سَمْعَكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ، حَتَّى نُفْهِمَكَ، ثُمَّ طَعَنَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَعَابَهُ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا نَصِيبًا مِنَ الْكِتَابِ يَشْتَرُونَ الضَّلَالَةَ وَيُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَضِلُّوا السَّبِيلَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِأَعْدَائِكُمْ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ وَلِيًّا وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ نَصِيرًا مِنَ الَّذِينَ هَادُوا يُحَرِّفُونَ الْكَلِمَ عَنْ مَوَاضِعِهِ وَيَقُولُونَ سَمِعْنَا وَعَصَيْنَا وَاسْمَعْ غَيْرَ مُسْمَعٍ وَرَاعِنَا ( أَيْ رَاعِنَا سَمْعَكَ ) لَيًّا بِأَلْسِنَتِهِمْ وَطَعْنًا فِي الدِّينِ وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا وَاسْمَعْ وَانْظُرْنَا لَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ وَأَقْوَمَ وَلَكِنْ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِكُفْرِهِمْ فَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا. وَكَلَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رُؤَسَاءَ مِنْ أَحْبَارِ يَهُودَ، مِنْهُمْ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ صُورِيَّا الْأَعْوَرُ، وَكَعْبُ بْنُ أَسَدٍ. فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: يَا مَعْشَرَ يَهُودَ، اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَسْلِمُوا، فَوَاَللَّهِ إنَّكُمْ لَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ الَّذِي جِئْتُكُمْ بِهِ لَحَقٌّ قَالُوا: مَا نَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ: فَجَحَدُوا مَا عَرَفُوا، وَأَصَرُّوا عَلَى الْكُفْرِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِيهِمْ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ آمِنُوا بِمَا نَزَّلْنَا مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا مَعَكُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ نَطْمِسَ وُجُوهًا فَنَرُدَّهَا عَلَى أَدْبَارِهَا أَوْ نَلْعَنَهُمْ كَمَا لَعَنَّا أَصْحَابَ السَّبْتِ وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ مَفْعُولًا.
Translation
✧ [Their commanding the believers to be miserly] Ibn Isḥāq said: Kardam b. Qays, the ally of Kaʿb b. al-Ashraf, and Usāmah b. Ḥabīb, and Nāfiʿ b. Abī Nāfiʿ, and Baḥrī b. ʿAmr, and Ḥuyayy b. Akhṭab, and Rifāʿah b. Zayd b. al-Tābūt used to come to men of the Anṣār who were mixing with them, advising them, from among the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and say to them: Do not spend your wealth, for we fear poverty for you in its going away, and do not hasten in spending, for you do not know what will happen. So Allah revealed concerning them: Those who are miserly and enjoin miserliness upon people and conceal what Allah has given them of His bounty, that is, of the Torah, in which is the confirmation of what Muḥammad ﷺ has brought, and We have prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating punishment. And those who spend their wealth to be seen by people and do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day, up to His saying: and Allah is ever Knowing of them. [Their denial of the truth] Ibn Isḥāq said: Rifāʿah b. Zayd b. al-Tābūt was one of the great ones of the Jews. When he spoke to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he twisted his tongue and said: "Grant us your hearing, O Muḥammad, so that we may make you understand," then he attacked Islam and disparaged it. So Allah revealed concerning him: Have you not seen those who were given a portion of the Scripture, purchasing error and wishing that you should stray from the way? And Allah is most knowing of your enemies, and sufficient is Allah as an ally, and sufficient is Allah as a helper. Among those who are Jews are those who distort the word from its places and say, "We hear and we disobey," and "Hear, may you not hear," and "Rāʿinā" (that is, "attend to our hearing"), twisting with their tongues and defaming the religion. And if they had said, "We hear and we obey," and "Hear," and "Look at us," it would have been better for them and more upright. But Allah has cursed them for their disbelief, so they do not believe except a few. And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ spoke to leaders from among the rabbis of the Jews, among them ʿAbd Allāh b. Ṣūriyā al-Aʿwar and Kaʿb b. Asad. He said to them: "O assembly of Jews, fear Allah and submit, for by Allah, you know that what I have brought to you is the truth." They said: "We do not know that, O Muḥammad." So they denied what they knew and persisted in disbelief. So Allah, exalted be He, revealed concerning them: O you who have been given the Scripture, believe in what We have sent down, confirming what is with you, before We efface faces and turn them backward or curse them as We cursed the companions of the Sabbath, and the command of Allah is ever executed.
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