Tarikh (al-Tabari) 901
Some matters that occurred between the Messenger ﷺ and the Jews, Christians, and hypocrites in al-Madinah al-Munawwarah
إِرَادَةِ شَأْسِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ إِيقَاعَ الْفِتْنَةِ بَيْنَ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ لَمَّا رَأَى كَلِمَتَهُمْ مُجْتَمِعَةً رَوَى ابْنُ إِسْحَقَ وَابْنُ جَرِيرٍ وَابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ وَغَيْرُهُمَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ مُطَوَّلًا، وَالْفِرْيَابِيُّ وَابْنُ جَرِيرٍ وَغَيْرُهُمَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مُخْتَصَرًا، وَابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، وَابْنُ جَرِيرٍ وَابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ كَذَلِكَ وَاللَّفْظُ لِلْأَوَّلِ، قَالَ: كَانَ شَأْسُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ شَيْخًا قَدْ عَسَا، عَظِيمَ الْكُفْرِ، شَدِيدَ الضِّغْنِ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، شَدِيدَ الْحَسَدِ لَهُمْ، فَمَرَّ عَلَى نَفَرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ فِي مَجْلِسٍ قَدْ جَمَعَهُمْ يَتَحَدَّثُونَ فِيهِ، فَغَاظَهُ مَا رَأَى مِنْ أُلْفَتِهِمْ وَجَمَاعَتِهِمْ وَصَلَاحِ ذَاتِ بَيْنِهِمْ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، بَعْدَ الَّذِي كَانَ بَيْنَهُمْ مِنَ الْعَدَاوَةِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ. فَلَمَّا أَنْ جَاءَ الْإِسْلَامُ اصْطَلَحُوا وَأَلَّفَ اللَّهُ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ. فَقَالَ: "لَقَدِ اجْتَمَعَ مَلَأُ بَنِي قَيْلَةَ بِهَذِهِ الْبِلَادِ، لَا وَاللَّهِ مَا لَنَا مَعَهُمْ إِذَا اجْتَمَعَ مَلَؤُهُمْ بِهَا مِنْ قَرَارٍ". فَأَمَرَ فَتًى شَابًّا مِنْ يَهُودَ كَانَ مَعَهُ فَقَالَ: "اعْمَدْ إِلَيْهِمْ فَاجْلِسْ مَعَهُمْ، ثُمَّ اذْكُرْ يَوْمَ بُعَاثٍ وَمَا كَانَ قَبْلَهُ، وَأَنْشِدْهُمْ بَعْضَ مَا كَانُوا تَقَاوَلُوا فِيهِ مِنَ الْأَشْعَارِ. فَفَعَلَ، فَأَنْشَدَهُمْ بَعْضَ مَا قَالَهُ أَحَدُ الْحَيَّيْنِ فِي حَرْبِهِمْ، فَكَأَنَّهُمْ دَخَلَهُمْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ [شَيْءٌ] فَقَالَ الْحَيُّ الْآخَرُونَ: وَقَدْ قَالَ شَاعِرُنَا فِي يَوْمِ كَذَا: كَذَا وَكَذَا [فَقَالَ الْآخَرُونَ: وَقَدْ قَالَ شَاعِرُنَا فِي يَوْمِ كَذَا: كَذَا وَكَذَا. فَتَكَلَّمَ الْقَوْمُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ، وَتَنَازَعُوا وَتَفَاخَرُوا، حَتَّى تَوَاثَبَ رَجُلَانِ مِنَ الْحَيَّيْنِ: أَوْسُ بْنُ قَيْظِيِّ [أَحَدُ بَنِي حَارِثَةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ] مِنَ الْأَوْسِ، وَجَبَّارُ بْنُ صَخْرٍ [أَحَدُ بَنِي سَلِمَةَ] مِنَ الْخَزْرَجِ، فَتَقَاوَلَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ: "إِنْ شِئْتُمْ رَدَدْنَاهَا الْآنَ جَذَعَةً". فَغَضِبَ الْفَرِيقَانِ جَمِيعًا، وَقَالُوا: "قَدْ فَعَلْنَا، مَوْعِدُكُمُ الظَّاهِرَةُ- وَالظَّاهِرَةُ: الْحَرَّةُ- السِّلَاحَ السِّلَاحَ". فَخَرَجُوا إِلَيْهَا. [فَانْضَمَّتِ الْأَوْسُ وَالْخَزْرَجُ بَعْضُهَا إِلَى بَعْضٍ عَلَى دَعْوَاهُمُ الَّتِي كَانُوا عَلَيْهَا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ]. فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ فِيمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ حَتَّى جَاءَهُمْ فَقَالَ: "يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ: اللَّهَ اللَّهَ، أَبِدَعْوَى الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَأَنَا بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِكُمْ بَعْدَ أَنْ هَدَاكُمُ اللَّهُ لِلْإِسْلَامِ وَأَكْرَمَكُمْ بِهِ، وَقَطَعَ بِهِ عَنْكُمْ أَمْرَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَاسْتَنْقَذَكُمْ بِهِ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ، وَأَلَّفَ بِهِ بَيْنَكُمْ، فَتَرْجِعُونَ إِلَى مَا كُنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ كُفَّارًا" ؟ فَعَرَفَ الْقَوْمُ أَنَّهَا نَزْغَةٌ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ، وَكَيْدٌ مِنْ عَدُوِّهِمْ، فَأَلْقَوُا السِّلَاحَ مِنْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَبَكَوْا، وَعَانَقَ الرِّجَالُ مِنَ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَامِعِينَ مُطِيعِينَ، قَدْ أَطْفَأَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ كَيْدَ عَدُوِّهِمْ: عَدُوِّ اللَّهِ شَأْسِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: قُلْ يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ لِمَ تَكْفُرُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ شَهِيدٌ عَلَى مَا تَعْمَلُونَ. قُلْ يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ لِمَ تَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ مَنْ آمَنَ تَبْغُونَهَا عِوَجًا وَأَنْتُمْ شُهَدَاءُ وَمَا اللَّهِ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ [آلِ عِمْرَانَ 98، 99]. وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْسِ بْنِ قَيْظِيٍّ، وَجَبَّارِ بْنِ صَخْرٍ، وَمَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُمَا مِنْ قَوْمِهِمَا الَّذِينَ صَنَعُوا مَا صَنَعُوا مَا أَدْخَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ شَأْسٌ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ تُطِيعُوا فَرِيقًا مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ يَرُدُّوكُمْ بَعْدَ إِيمَانِكُمْ كَافِرِينَ. وَكَيْفَ تَكْفُرُونَ وَأَنْتُمْ تُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ آيَاتُ اللَّهِ وَفِيكُمْ رَسُولُهُ، وَمَنْ يَعْتَصِمْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ هُدِيَ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ [آلِ عِمْرَانَ 100، 101]
Translation
✧ SHAS B. QAYS'S DESIRE TO INSTIGATE STRIFE BETWEEN THE AWS AND THE KHAZRAJ WHEN HE SAW THEIR WORD UNITED Ibn Isḥāq, Ibn Jarīr, Ibn al-Mundhir, and others narrated at length from Zayd b. Aslam, while al-Firyābī, Ibn Jarīr, and others narrated in abridged form from Ibn ʿAbbās, Ibn al-Mundhir from ʿIkrimah, and Ibn Jarīr and Ibn Abī Ḥātim from al-Suddī likewise, the wording being that of the first. He said: Shas b. Qays was an old man who had become stiff, of great unbelief, severe rancor against the Muslims, and intense envy of them. He passed by a group of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from the Aws and the Khazraj in a gathering that had brought them together conversing. What he saw of their affection, unity, and the soundness of their mutual relations upon Islam—after the enmity that had been between them in the Jāhiliyyah—enraged him. When Islam came, they made peace and Allah united their hearts. He said: "The assembly of Banū Qaylah has gathered in this land. No, by Allah, there is no abiding for us with them when their assembly gathers in it." So he ordered a young Jewish lad who was with him, saying: "Go to them and sit with them. Then mention the Day of Buʿāth and what was before it, and recite to them some of the poetry which they used to trade as insults." He did so, reciting to them some of what one of the two tribes had said in their war. It was as though something of that entered them. Then the other tribe said: "Our poet said on such-and-such a day such-and-such." Then the others said: "Our poet said on such-and-such a day such-and-such." At that the people spoke, disputed, and boasted against one another, until two men from the two tribes leaped up: Aws b. Qayẓī [one of Banū Ḥārithah b. al-Ḥārith] of the Aws, and Jabbār b. Ṣakhr [one of Banū Salamah] of the Khazraj. They traded insults, then one of them said to his companion: "If you wish, we will restore it now as a fresh matter." Both parties became angry and said: "We have done it. Your appointed place is al-Ẓāhirah—al-Ẓāhirah is the ḥarrah (lava field)—to arms, to arms." They went out to it. [The Aws and the Khazraj joined one another upon their old daʿwah (call) that they had followed in the Jāhiliyyah.] That reached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he went out to them with those of his Companions from the Muhājirūn who were with him, until he came to them. He said: "O company of Muslims: Allah, Allah. Is it by the daʿwah of the Jāhiliyyah, while I am among you, after Allah has guided you to Islam, honored you with it, cut off from you by it the affair of the Jāhiliyyah, rescued you by it from unbelief, and united you by it? Do you return to what you were upon as disbelievers?" The people realized that it was a goad from Satan and a plot of their enemy. They threw down the weapons from their hands, wept, and the men of the Aws and the Khazraj embraced one another. Then they departed with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, listening and obeying, for Allah had extinguished from them the plot of their enemy: the enemy of Allah, Shas b. Qays. Then Allah, exalted is He, sent down: Say, O People of the Book, why do you disbelieve in the signs of Allah while Allah is witness over what you do? Say, O People of the Book, why do you turn away from the path of Allah those who believe, seeking to make it crooked, while you are witnesses? And Allah is not unmindful of what you do [Āl ʿImrān 98, 99]. And Allah sent down concerning Aws b. Qayẓī, Jabbār b. Ṣakhr, and those of their people who were with them and did what they did as Shas introduced into them of the affair of the Jāhiliyyah: O you who believe, if you obey a party of those who were given the Book, they will turn you back after your belief into disbelievers. And how can you disbelieve while the signs of Allah are recited to you and His Messenger is among you? And whoever holds firmly to Allah has been guided to a straight path [Āl ʿImrān 100, 101]
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.