Tarikh (al-Tabari) 893
Some matters that occurred between the Messenger ﷺ and the Jews, Christians, and hypocrites in al-Madinah al-Munawwarah
[ كِتْمَانُهُمْ مَا فِي التَّوْرَاةِ مِنْ الْحَقِّ ] وَسَأَلَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ، أَخُو بَنِي سَلِمَةَ، وَسَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، أَخُو بَنِي عَبْدِ الْأَشْهَلِ وَخَارِجَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، أَخُو بَلْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْخَزْرَجِ، نَفَرًا مِنْ أَحْبَارِ يَهُودَ عَنْ بَعْضِ مَا فِي التَّوْرَاةِ، فَكَتَمُوهُمْ إيَّاهُ، وَأَبَوْا أَنْ يُخْبِرُوهُمْ عَنْهُ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِيهِمْ: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَكْتُمُونَ مَا أَنْزَلْنَا مِنَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ وَالْهُدَى مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا بَيَّنَّاهُ لِلنَّاسِ فِي الْكِتَابِ أُولَئِكَ يَلْعَنُهُمُ اللَّهُ وَيَلْعَنُهُمُ اللَّاعِنُونَ [ جَوَابُهُمْ لِلنَّبِيِّ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ حِينَ دَعَاهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ ] قَالَ: وَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْيَهُودَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَرَغَّبَهُمْ فِيهِ، وَحَذَّرَهُمْ عَذَابَ اللَّهِ وَنِقْمَتَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَافِعُ بْنُ خَارِجَةَ، وَمَالِكُ بْنُ عَوْفٍ: بَلْ نَتْبَعُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا وَجَدْنَا عَلَيْهِ آبَاءَنَا، فَهُمْ كَانُوا أَعْلَمَ وَخَيْرًا مِنَّا. فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمَا: وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمُ اتَّبِعُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ قَالُوا بَلْ نَتَّبِعُ مَا أَلْفَيْنَا عَلَيْهِ آبَاءَنَا أَوَلَوْ كَانَ آبَاؤُهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَهْتَدُونَ [ جَمْعُهُمْ فِي سُوقِ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ ] وَلَمَّا أَصَابَ اللَّهُ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - قُرَيْشًا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ جَمَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَهُودَ فِي سُوقِ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ، حَيْنَ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَقَالَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ يَهُودَ، احْذَرُوا مِنَ اللَّهِ مِثْلَ مَا نَزَلَ بِقُرَيْشٍ مِنَ النِّقْمَةِ وَأَسْلِمُوا ; فَإِنَّكُمْ قَدْ عَرَفْتُمْ أَنِّي نَبِيٌّ مُرْسَلٌ، تَجِدُونَ ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِكُمْ وَعَهْدِ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ. فَقَالُوا لَهُ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، لَا يَغِرُّنَّكَ مِنْ نَفْسِكَ أَنَّكَ قَتَلْتَ نَفَرًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، كَانُوا أَغْمَارًا لَا يَعْرِفُونَ الْقِتَالَ، إنَّكَ وَاَللَّهِ لَوْ قَاتَلْتنَا لَعَرَفْتَ أَنَّا نَحْنُ النَّاسُ، وَأَنَّكَ لَمْ تَلْقَ مِثْلَنَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ قُلْ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا سَتُغْلَبُونَ وَتُحْشَرُونَ إِلَى جَهَنَّمَ وَبِئْسَ الْمِهَادُ قَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ آيَةٌ فِي فِئَتَيْنِ الْتَقَتَا فِئَةٌ تُقَاتِلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَأُخْرَى كَافِرَةٌ يَرَوْنَهُمْ مِثْلَيْهِمْ رَأْيَ الْعَيْنِ وَاللَّهُ يُؤَيِّدُ بِنَصْرِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَعِبْرَةً لِأُولِي الْأَبْصَارِ [ دُخُولُهُ ﷺ بَيْتَ الْمِدْرَاسِ ] قَالَ: وَدَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْتَ الْمِدْرَاسِ عَلَى جَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ يَهُودَ، فَدَعَاهُمْ إلَى اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النُّعْمَانُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ: عَلَى أَيِّ دِينٍ أَنْتَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ ؟ قَالَ: عَلَى مِلَّةِ إبْرَاهِيمَ وَدِينِهِ، قَالَا: فَإِنَّ إبْرَاهِيمَ كَانَ يَهُودِيًّا، فَقَالَ لَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: فَهَلُمَّ إلَى التَّوْرَاةِ، فَهِيَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ فَأَبَيَا عَلَيْهِ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِيهِمَا: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا نَصِيبًا مِنَ الْكِتَابِ يُدْعَوْنَ إِلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ يَتَوَلَّى فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ وَهُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا لَنْ تَمَسَّنَا النَّارُ إِلَّا أَيَّامًا مَعْدُودَاتٍ وَغَرَّهُمْ فِي دِينِهِمْ مَا كَانُوا يَفْتَرُونَ
Translation
✧ [Their Concealment of the Truth Contained in the Torah] Muʿādh b. Jabal, the brother of Banū Salimah, Saʿd b. Muʿādh, the brother of Banū ʿAbd al-Ashhal, and Khārijah b. Zayd, the brother of Balḥārith b. al-Khazraj, asked a group of Jewish rabbis about some of what was in the Torah, but they concealed it from them and refused to inform them about it. Then Allah, Exalted is He, revealed concerning them: "Indeed, those who conceal what We sent down of clear proofs and guidance after We made it clear to the people in the Scripture—those are cursed by Allah and cursed by those who curse" (Qurʾān 2:159). [Their Reply to the Prophet ﷺ When He Called Them to Islam] He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ called the Jews, the People of the Scripture, to Islam and made it desirable to them, warning them of Allah's punishment and His vengeance. Rāfiʿ b. Khārijah and Mālik b. ʿAwf said to him: "Rather, we follow, O Muḥammad, what we found our forefathers upon, for they were more knowledgeable and better than us." Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic is He, revealed concerning their saying: "And when it is said to them, 'Follow what Allah has sent down,' they say, 'Rather, we follow what we found our forefathers upon.' Even if their forefathers understood nothing and were not guided?" (Qurʾān 2:170). [His Gathering Them in the Market of Banū Qaynuqāʿ] When Allah, Mighty and Majestic is He, afflicted Quraysh on the day of Badr, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gathered the Jews in the market of Banū Qaynuqāʿ, when he came to Madinah, and said: "O assembly of Jews, beware of Allah lest the like of the vengeance that befell Quraysh befall you, and submit! For you know that I am a sent prophet; you find that in your Book and Allah's covenant to you." They said to him: "O Muḥammad, do not be deceived by yourself because you killed a few men of Quraysh who were inexperienced and did not know warfare. By Allah, if you fight us, you will know that we are the real men, and that you have not met the like of us." Then Allah, Exalted is He, revealed concerning their saying: "Say to those who disbelieve, 'You will be defeated and gathered to Hell, and wretched is the resting place. There was already a sign for you in the two armies that met: one fighting in the cause of Allah and another disbelieving. They saw them as twice their number, with the sight of the eye. And Allah supports with His victory whom He wills. Indeed in that is a lesson for those of insight'" (Qurʾān 3:12–13). [His Entering the House of Study] He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered the house of study (bayt al-midrās) upon a group of Jews and called them to Allah. Al-Nuʿmān b. ʿAmr and al-Ḥārith b. Zayd said to him: "Upon what religion are you, O Muḥammad?" He said: "Upon the creed of Ibrāhīm and his religion." They said: "But Ibrāhīm was a Jew." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to them: "Then come to the Torah, for it is between us and you." But they refused him. Then Allah, Exalted is He, revealed concerning them both: "Have you not seen those who were given a portion of the Scripture? They are invited to the Book of Allah to judge between them, then a party of them turns away in aversion. That is because they said, 'The Fire will not touch us except for a limited number of days,' and they were deceived in their religion by what they used to invent" (Qurʾān 3:23–24).
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.