Tarikh (al-Tabari) 885
The Prophet's emigration ﷺ
فَصْلٌ فِيمَا أَصَابَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ مِنْ حُمَّى الْمَدِينَةِ ؓ أَجْمَعِينَ وَقَدْ سَلِمَ الرَّسُولُ ﷺ بِحَوَلِ اللَّهِ وَقُوَّتِهِ، وَدَعَا اللَّهَ فَأَزَاحَهَا عَنِ الْمَدِينَةِ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، ثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ وُعِكَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَبِلَالٌ . قَالَتْ: فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِمَا فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَهْ كَيْفَ تَجِدُكَ ؟ وَيَا بِلَالُ كَيْفَ تَجِدُكَ ؟ قَالَتْ: وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِذَا أَخَذَتْهُ الْحُمَّى يَقُولُ: كُلُّ امْرِئٍ مُصَبِّحٌ فِي أَهْلِهِ وَالْمَوْتُ أَدْنَى مِنْ شِرَاكِ نَعْلِهِ وَكَانَ بِلَالٌ إِذَا أَقْلَعَ عَنْهُ الْحُمَّى يَرْفَعُ عَقِيرَتَهُ، وَيَقُولُ: أَلَا لَيْتَ شِعْرِي هَلْ أَبِيتَنَّ لَيْلَةً بِوَادٍ وَحَوْلِي إِذْخِرٌ وَجَلِيلُ وَهَلْ أَرِدَنْ يَوْمًا مِيَاهَ مَجَنَّةٍ وَهَلْ يَبْدُوَنْ لِي شَامَةٌ وَطَفِيلُ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَجِئْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: " اللَّهُمَّ حَبِّبْ إِلَيْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ كَحُبِّنَا مَكَّةَ أَوْ أَشَدَّ، وَصَحِّحْهَا، وَبَارَكْ لَنَا فِي صَاعِهَا وَمُدِّهَا، وَانْقُلْ حُمَّاهَا فَاجْعَلْهَا بِالْجُحْفَةِ ". وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ عَنْ عُبَيْدَةَ عَنْ هِشَامٍ مُخْتَصَرًا. وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْبُخَارِيِّ لَهُ عَنْ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ. وَزَادَ بَعْدَ شِعْرِ بِلَالٍ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ الْعَنْ عُتْبَةَ بْنَ رَبِيعَةَ، وَشَيْبَةَ بْنَ رَبِيعَةَ، وَأُمَيَّةَ بْنَ خَلَفٍ، كَمَا أَخْرَجُونَا إِلَى أَرْضِ الْوَبَاءِ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " اللَّهُمَّ حَبِّبْ إِلَيْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ كَحُبِّنَا مَكَّةَ أَوْ أَشَدَّ، اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَنَا فِي صَاعِهَا، وَفِي مُدِّهَا، وَصَحِّحْهَا لَنَا، وَانْقُلْ حُمَّاهَا إِلَى الْجُحْفَةِ ". وَقَدِمْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَهِيَ أَوْبَأُ أَرْضِ اللَّهِ، وَكَانَ بُطْحَانُ يَجْرِي نَجْلًا. يَعْنِي مَاءً آجِنًا. وَقَالَ زِيَادٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ، قَدِمَهَا وَهِيَ أَوْبَأُ أَرْضِ اللَّهِ، مِنَ الْحُمَّى، فَأَصَابَ أَصْحَابَهُ مِنْهَا بَلَاءٌ وَسَقَمٌ، وَصَرَفَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ عَنْ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ. قَالَتْ: فَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعَامِرُ بْنُ فُهَيْرَةَ، وَبِلَالٌ; مَوْلَيَا أَبَى بَكْرٍ فِي بَيْتٍ وَاحِدٍ، فَأَصَابَتْهُمُ الْحُمَّى، فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَعُودُهُمْ، وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُضْرَبَ عَلَيْنَا الْحِجَابُ، وَبِهِمْ مَا لَا يَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا اللَّهُ مِنْ شِدَّةِ الْوَعْكِ، فَدَنَوْتُ مِنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَقُلْتُ: كَيْفَ تَجِدُكَ يَا أَبَهْ ؟ فَقَالَ: كُلُّ امْرِئٍ مُصَبِّحٌ فِي أَهْلِهِ وَالْمَوْتُ أَدْنَى مِنْ شِرَاكِ نَعْلِهِ قَالَتْ: وَاللَّهِ مَا يَدْرِي أَبَى مَا يَقُولُ. قَالَتْ: ثُمَّ دَنَوْتُ إِلَى عَامِرِ بْنِ فُهَيْرَةَ فَقُلْتُ: كَيْفَ تَجِدُكَ يَا عَامِرُ ؟ قَالَ: لَقَدْ وَجَدْتُ الْمَوْتَ قَبْلَ ذَوْقِهِ إِنَّ الْجَبَانَ حَتْفُهُ مِنْ فَوْقِهِ كُلُّ امْرِئٍ مُجَاهِدٌ بِطَوْقِهِ كَالثَّوْرِ يَحْمِي جِلْدَهُ بِرَوْقِهِ قَالَتْ: فَقُلْتُ: وَاللَّهِ مَا يَدْرِي عَامِرٌ مَا يَقُولُ. قَالَتْ: وَكَانَ بِلَالٌ إِذَا أَدْرَكَتْهُ الْحُمَّى اضْطَجَعَ بِفِنَاءِ الْبَيْتِ، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ عَقِيرَتَهُ فَقَالَ: أَلَا لَيْتَ شِعْرِي هَلْ أَبِيتَنَّ لَيْلَةً بِفَخٍّ وَحَوْلِي إِذْخِرٌ وَجَلِيلُ وَهَلْ أَرِدَنْ يَوْمًا مِيَاهَ مَجَنَّةٍ وَهَلْ يَبْدُوَنْ لِي شَامَةٌ وَطَفِيلُ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَذَكَرْتُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا سَمِعْتُ مِنْهُمْ، وَقُلْتُ: إِنَّهُمْ لَيَهْذُونَ، وَمَا يَعْقِلُونَ مِنْ شِدَّةِ الْحُمَّى. فَقَالَ: " اللَّهُمَّ حَبِّبْ إِلَيْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ كَمَا حَبَّبْتَ إِلَيْنَا مَكَّةَ أَوْ أَشَدَّ، وَبَارَكْ لَنَا فِي مُدِّهَا، وَصَاعِهَا، وَانْقُلْ وَبَاءَهَا إِلَى مَهْيَعَةَ ". وَمَهْيَعَةُ هِيَ الْجُحْفَةُ. وَقَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ: قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ، وَهِيَ أَوْبَأُ أَرْضِ اللَّهِ، وَوَادِيهَا بُطْحَانُ نَجْلٌ. قَالَ هِشَامٌ: وَكَانَ وَبَاؤُهَا مَعْرُوفًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَكَانَ إِذَا كَانَ الْوَادِي وَبِيئًا، فَأَشْرَفَ عَلَيْهِ الْإِنْسَانُ، قِيلَ لَهُ أَنْ يَنْهَقَ نَهِيقَ الْحِمَارِ; فَإِذَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ لَمْ يَضُرَّهُ وَبَاءُ ذَلِكَ الْوَادِي، وَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّاعِرُ حِينَ أَشْرَفَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ: لَعَمْرِي لَئِنْ عَشَّرْتُ مِنْ خِيفَةِ الرَّدَى نَهِيقَ الْحِمَارِ إِنَّنِي لَجَزُوعُ وَرَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: " رَأَيْتُ كَأَنَّ امْرَأَةً سَوْدَاءَ ثَائِرَةَ الرَّأْسِ خَرَجَتْ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ حَتَّى قَامَتْ بِمَهْيَعَةَ - وَهِيَ الْجُحْفَةُ - فَأَوَّلْتُ أَنَّ وَبَاءَ الْمَدِينَةِ نُقِلَ إِلَيْهَا:. هَذَا لَفْظُ الْبُخَارِيِّ، وَلَمْ يُخْرِجْهُ مُسْلِمٌ. وَرَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَصَحَّحَهُ، وَالنَّسَائِيُّ، وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ. وَقَدْ رَوَى حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ: قَدِمَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ وَهِيَ وَبِيئَةٌ. فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: " وَانْقُلْ حُمَّاهَا إِلَى الْجُحْفَةِ ". قَالَ هِشَامٌ: فَكَانَ الْمَوْلُودُ يُولَدُ بِالْجُحْفَةِ، فَلَا يَبْلُغُ الْحُلُمَ حَتَّى تَصْرَعَهُ الْحُمَّى. رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي " دَلَائِلِ النُّبُوَّةِ ". وَقَالَ يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ، وَهِيَ وَبِيئَةٌ، فَأَصَابَ أَصْحَابَهُ مِنْهَا بَلَاءٌ وَسَقَمٌ حَتَّى أَجْهَدَهُمْ ذَلِكَ، وَصَرَفَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ عَنْ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ. وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ " عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابُهُ - صَبِيحَةَ رَابِعَةٍ يَعْنِي مَكَّةَ - عَامَ عُمْرَةِ الْقَضَاءِ، فَقَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ: إِنَّهُ يَقْدَمُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَفْدٌ قَدْ وَهَنَهُمْ حُمَّى يَثْرِبَ. فَأَمَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَرْمُلُوا، وَأَنْ يَمْشُوا مَا بَيْنَ الرُّكْنَيْنِ. وَلَمْ يَمْنَعْهُ أَنْ يَرْمُلُوا الْأَشْوَاطَ كُلَّهَا إِلَّا الْإِبْقَاءُ عَلَيْهِمْ. قُلْتُ: وَعُمْرَةُ الْقَضَاءِ كَانَتْ فِي سَنَةِ سَبْعٍ فِي ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ، فَإِمَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ تَأَخَّرَ دُعَاؤُهُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ بِنَقْلِ الْوَبَاءِ إِلَى قَرِيبٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، أَوْ أَنَّهُ رُفِعَ وَبَقِيَ آثَارٌ مِنْهُ قَلِيلٌ، أَوْ أَنَّهُمْ بَقُوا فِي خُمَارِ مَا كَانَ أَصَابَهُمْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ إِلَى تِلْكَ الْمُدَّةِ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَقَالَ زِيَادٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، أَصَابَتْهُمْ حُمَّى الْمَدِينَةِ، حَتَّى جَهَدُوا مَرَضًا، وَصَرَفَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ عَنْ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ، حَتَّى كَانُوا مَا يُصَلُّونَ إِلَّا وَهُمْ قُعُودٌ. قَالَ: فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُمْ يُصَلُّونَ كَذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: " اعْلَمُوا أَنَّ صَلَاةَ الْقَاعِدِ عَلَى النِّصْفِ مِنْ صَلَاةِ الْقَائِمِ ". فَتَجَشَّمَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ الْقِيَامَ، عَلَى مَا بِهِمْ مِنَ الضَّعْفِ وَالسَّقَمِ; الْتِمَاسَ الْفَضْلِ.
Translation
✧ Section on the fever of Madinah that afflicted the emigrants, ؓ, while the Messenger ﷺ remained safe by Allah's might and power, and he supplicated to Allah and removed it from Madinah. Al-Bukhari said: 'Abd Allah b. Yusuf narrated to us, Malik narrated to us, from Hisham b. 'Urwah, from his father, from 'A'ishah, that she said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Madinah, Abu Bakr and Bilal fell ill with fever. She said: I entered upon them and said: O father, how do you find yourself? And O Bilal, how do you find yourself? She said: When Abu Bakr was seized by fever, he would say: Every man is greeted in the morning among his family, while death is nearer than his sandal's strap. And when the fever left Bilal, he would raise his voice and say: Would that I knew whether I shall spend a night in a valley, with idhkhir and jalil around me, And whether I shall one day go down to the waters of Majannah, and whether Shama and Tafil will appear to me. 'A'ishah said: I came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and informed him, and he said: "O Allah, make Madinah beloved to us as we love Makkah or more, make it healthy, bless us in its sa' and its mudd, and transfer its fever and place it in al-Juhfah." Muslim narrated it from Abu Bakr b. Abi Shaybah, from 'Ubaydah, from Hisham, in an abridged form. In the narration of al-Bukhari from Abu Usamah, from Hisham b. 'Urwah, from his father, from 'A'ishah, he mentioned it and added after Bilal's poetry, then he would say: O Allah, curse 'Utbah b. Rabi'ah, Shaybah b. Rabi'ah, and Umayyah b. Khalaf, as they expelled us to the land of plague. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "O Allah, make Madinah beloved to us as we love Makkah or more. O Allah, bless us in its sa' and its mudd, make it healthy for us, and transfer its fever to al-Juhfah." We arrived in Madinah when it was the most fever-ridden land of Allah, and Buthan was flowing with stagnant water, meaning foul water. Ziyad said, from Muhammad b. Ishaq: Hisham b. 'Urwah and 'Umar b. 'Abd Allah narrated to me, from 'Urwah b. al-Zubayr, from 'A'ishah, who said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Madinah, he arrived while it was the most fever-ridden land of Allah, from fever, and his companions were afflicted with tribulation and illness, and Allah diverted that from His Prophet ﷺ. She said: Abu Bakr, 'Amir b. Fuhayrah, and Bilal, the two clients of Abu Bakr, were in one house, and fever afflicted them, so I entered upon them to visit them, and that was before the veil was imposed on us, and they had what no one knows but Allah of the severity of the fever. I approached Abu Bakr and said: How do you find yourself, O father? He said: Every man is greeted in the morning among his family, while death is nearer than his sandal's strap. She said: By Allah, my father does not know what he is saying. She said: Then I approached 'Amir b. Fuhayrah and said: How do you find yourself, O 'Amir? He said: I have found death before tasting it; the coward's fate comes from above him. Every man strives according to his capacity, like the bull that protects its skin with its horn. She said: I said: By Allah, 'Amir does not know what he is saying. She said: When fever overcame Bilal, he would lie down in the courtyard of the house, then raise his voice and say: Would that I knew whether I shall spend a night in Fakhkh, with idhkhir and jalil around me, And whether I shall one day go down to the waters of Majannah, and whether Shama and Tafil will appear to me. 'A'ishah said: I mentioned to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ what I heard from them, and I said: They are delirious and do not understand from the severity of the fever. He said: "O Allah, make Madinah beloved to us as You made Makkah beloved to us or more, bless us in its mudd and its sa', and transfer its plague to Mahya'ah." Mahya'ah is al-Juhfah. Al-Bayhaqi said: Abu 'Abd Allah al-Hafiz and Abu Sa'id b. Abi 'Amr informed us, they said: Abu al-'Abbas al-Asamm narrated to us, Ahmad b. 'Abd al-Jabbar narrated to us, Yunus b. Bukayr narrated to us, from Hisham b. 'Urwah, from his father, from 'A'ishah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Madinah when it was the most fever-ridden land of Allah, and its valley Buthan was stagnant. Hisham said: Its fever was well known in pre-Islamic times, and when the valley was fever-ridden and a person looked over it, he was told to bray like a donkey; if he did that, the fever of that valley would not harm him. The poet said when he looked over Madinah: By my life, if I bray from fear of destruction, the braying of a donkey, I am indeed impatient. Al-Bukhari narrated, from the hadith of Musa b. 'Uqbah, from Salim, from his father, that the Prophet ﷺ said: "I saw as if a black woman with disheveled hair came out of Madinah until she stood at Mahya'ah—which is al-Juhfah—so I interpreted that the plague of Madinah was transferred to it." This is the wording of al-Bukhari, and Muslim did not narrate it. Al-Tirmidhi narrated it and declared it authentic, as did al-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah, from the hadith of Musa b. 'Uqbah. Hammad b. Zayd narrated, from Hisham b. 'Urwah, from 'A'ishah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Madinah when it was fever-ridden. He mentioned the hadith in full up to his saying: "and transfer its fever to al-Juhfah." Hisham said: A newborn would be born in al-Juhfah and would not reach puberty before fever struck him down. Al-Bayhaqi narrated it in Dala'il al-Nubuwwah. Yunus said, from Ibn Ishaq: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Madinah when it was fever-ridden, and his companions were afflicted with tribulation and illness until it exhausted them, and Allah diverted that from His Prophet ﷺ. It is established in the two Sahihs from Ibn 'Abbas, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his companions arrived—on the morning of the fourth, meaning Makkah—in the year of the compensatory 'Umrah, and the polytheists said: A delegation is coming to you whom the fever of Yathrib has weakened. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded them to walk briskly and to walk between the two corners. Nothing prevented him from walking briskly in all the rounds except sparing them. I say: The compensatory 'Umrah was in the year seven, in Dhu al-Qi'dah. Either his supplication, peace and blessings be upon him, to transfer the plague was delayed until close to that time, or it was lifted but some traces of it remained, or they remained in the lingering effects of what had afflicted them until that period. And Allah knows best. Ziyad said, from Ibn Ishaq: Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri mentioned, from 'Abd Allah b. 'Amr b. al-'As, that when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his companions arrived in Madinah, the fever of Madinah afflicted them until they were exhausted by illness, and Allah diverted that from His Prophet ﷺ, until they would not pray except sitting. He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came out while they were praying like that, and he said to them: "Know that the prayer of one sitting is half of the prayer of one standing." So the Muslims endured standing despite their weakness and illness, seeking the reward.
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